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Book ; Online ; E-Book: How to reduce overuse in healthcare

Patey, Andrea M. / Kool, Tijn / van Dulmen, Simone / Grimshaw, Jeremy M.

a practical guide

2023

Author's details	edited by Tijn Kool
Language	English
Size	1 online resource (243 pages)
Edition	1st ed.
Publisher	John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
Publishing place	Newark
Document type	Book ; Online ; E-Book
Remark	Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
ISBN	1-119-86275-2 ; 1-119-86273-6 ; 9781119862727 ; 978-1-119-86275-8 ; 978-1-119-86273-4 ; 1119862728
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Humans do not avoid reactively implementing cognitive control.

Bustos, Bettina / Colvett, Jackson S / Bugg, Julie M / Kool, Wouter

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance

2024

Abstract: The ability to exert cognitive control allows us to achieve goals in the face of distraction and competing actions. However, control is costly-people generally aim to minimize its demands. Because control takes many forms, it is important to understand ... ...

Abstract	The ability to exert cognitive control allows us to achieve goals in the face of distraction and competing actions. However, control is costly-people generally aim to minimize its demands. Because control takes many forms, it is important to understand whether such costs apply universally. Specifically, reactive control, which is recruited in response to stimulus or contextual features, is theorized to be deployed automatically, and not depend on attentional resources. Here, we investigated whether people avoided implementing reactive control in three experiments. In all, participants performed a Stroop task in which certain items were mostly incongruent (MI), that is, associated with a high likelihood of conflict (triggering a focused control setting). Other items were mostly congruent, that is, associated with a low likelihood of conflict (triggering a relaxed control setting). Experiment 1 demonstrated that these control settings transfer to a subsequent unbiased transfer phase. In Experiments 2-3, we used a demand selection task to investigate whether people would avoid choice options that yielded items that were previously MI. In all, participants continued to retrieve focused control settings for previously MI items, but they did not avoid them in the demand selection task. Critically, we only found demand avoidance when there was an objective difference in demand between options. These findings are consistent with the idea that implementing reactive control does not register as costly. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	189734-2
ISSN	1939-1277 ; 0096-1523
ISSN (online)	1939-1277
ISSN	0096-1523
DOI	10.1037/xhp0001207
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Article: Neurorehabilitation including Virtual-Reality-Based Balance Therapy: Factors Associated with Training Response.

Wiskerke, Evelyne / Kool, Jan / Hilfiker, Roger / Sattelmayer, Martin / Verheyden, Geert

Brain sciences

2024 Volume 14, Issue 3

Abstract: Background: Virtual reality (VR) therapy is increasingly used and has shown encouraging effects. Yet, it is unknown which patients respond best to VR-based balance therapy as part of neurorehabilitation.: Methods: Data from 30 persons with stroke and ...

Abstract	Background: Virtual reality (VR) therapy is increasingly used and has shown encouraging effects. Yet, it is unknown which patients respond best to VR-based balance therapy as part of neurorehabilitation. Methods: Data from 30 persons with stroke and 51 persons with multiple sclerosis who performed three to four weeks of VR-based balance therapy during in-patient rehabilitation were analysed. Participants were divided into responders and nonresponders based on achievement of the minimal clinically important difference in functional balance post intervention. Measures of balance, trunk function, mobility, gait, motivation, and exergame parameters were compared between groups. Results: Post intervention, all clinical measurements significantly improved ( Conclusion: Lower baseline balance ability, spending more time on adequately challenging exercises, and increased motivation potentially influence response to therapy. These factors can support the personalisation of VR-based balance therapy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651993-8
ISSN	2076-3425
ISSN	2076-3425
DOI	10.3390/brainsci14030263
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Article ; Online: The construction and use of cognitive maps in model-based control.

Karagoz, Ata B / Reagh, Zachariah M / Kool, Wouter

Journal of experimental psychology. General

2023 Volume 153, Issue 2, Page(s) 372–385

Abstract: When making decisions, we sometimes rely on habit and at other times plan toward goals. Planning requires the construction and use of an internal representation of the environment, a cognitive map. How are these maps constructed, and how do they guide ... ...

Abstract	When making decisions, we sometimes rely on habit and at other times plan toward goals. Planning requires the construction and use of an internal representation of the environment, a cognitive map. How are these maps constructed, and how do they guide goal-directed decisions? We coupled a sequential decision-making task with a behavioral representational similarity analysis approach to examine how relationships between choice options change when people build a cognitive map of the task structure. We found that participants who encoded stronger higher-order relationships among choice options showed increased planning and better performance. These higher-order relationships were more strongly encoded among objects encountered in high-reward contexts, indicating a role for motivation during cognitive map construction. In contrast, lower-order relationships such as simple visual co-occurrence of objects did not predict goal-directed planning. These results show that the construction of cognitive maps is an active process, with motivation dictating the degree to which higher-order relationships are encoded and used for planning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Motivation ; Reward ; Cognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	189732-9
ISSN	1939-2222 ; 0096-3445
ISSN (online)	1939-2222
ISSN	0096-3445
DOI	10.1037/xge0001491
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Article: SWI/SNF-deficient tumors of the central nervous system: An update.

Hasselblatt, Martin / Kool, Marcel / Frühwald, Michael C

Clinical neuropathology

2023 Volume 43, Issue 1, Page(s) 2–9

Abstract: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a highly malignant tumor of the central nervous system characterized by biallelic inactivation of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex members SMARCB1/INI1 or (rarely) SMARCA4/BRG1. Most high-grade central ... ...

Abstract	Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a highly malignant tumor of the central nervous system characterized by biallelic inactivation of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex members SMARCB1/INI1 or (rarely) SMARCA4/BRG1. Most high-grade central nervous system lesions showing loss of nuclear SMARCB1 or SMARCA4 protein expression can indeed be categorized as AT/RT. However, some high-grade lesions have been identified, whose clinical and/or molecular features justify separation from AT/RT. Furthermore, other recently described tumor types such as desmoplastic myxoid tumor, SMARCB1-mutant, and low-grade diffusely infiltrative tumor, SMARCB1-mutant, may even manifest as low-grade lesions. Here, we review recent developments in the definition of the molecular landscape of AT/RT and give an update on other rare high- and low-grade SWI/SNF-deficient central nervous system tumors.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SMARCB1 Protein/genetics ; Rhabdoid Tumor/genetics ; Rhabdoid Tumor/pathology ; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial ; Central Nervous System/pathology ; DNA Helicases/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics
Chemical Substances	SMARCB1 Protein ; SMARCA4 protein, human (EC 3.6.1.-) ; DNA Helicases (EC 3.6.4.-) ; Nuclear Proteins ; Transcription Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-16
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603167-5
ISSN	0722-5091
ISSN	0722-5091
DOI	10.5414/NP301594
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Article: Evidence for shallow cognitive maps in schizophrenia.

Karagoz, Ata B / Moran, Erin K / Barch, Deanna M / Kool, Wouter / Reagh, Zachariah M

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Individuals with schizophrenia can have marked deficits in goal-directed decision making. Prominent theories differ in whether schizophrenia (SZ) affects the ability to exert cognitive control, or the motivation to exert control. An alternative ... ...

Abstract	Individuals with schizophrenia can have marked deficits in goal-directed decision making. Prominent theories differ in whether schizophrenia (SZ) affects the ability to exert cognitive control, or the motivation to exert control. An alternative explanation is that schizophrenia negatively impacts the formation of cognitive maps, the internal representations of the way the world is structured, necessary for the formation of effective action plans. That is, deficits in decision-making could also arise when goal-directed control and motivation are intact, but used to plan over ill-formed maps. Here, we test the hypothesis that individuals with SZ are impaired in the construction of cognitive maps. We combine a behavioral representational similarity analysis technique with a sequential decision-making task. This enables us to examine how relationships between choice options change when individuals with SZ and healthy age-matched controls build a cognitive map of the task structure. Our results indicate that SZ affects how people represent the structure of the task, focusing more on simpler visual features and less on abstract, higher-order, planning-relevant features. At the same time, we find that SZ were able to display similar performance on this task compared to controls, emphasizing the need for a distinction between cognitive map formation and changes in goal-directed control in understanding cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.02.26.582214
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Article ; Online: Comparing primary caregivers' reported injury data with routinely recorded injury data to assess predictors of childhood injury.

Ghebreab, Luam / Kool, Bridget / Lee, Arier / Morton, Susan

BMC medical research methodology

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 91

Abstract: ... showed an increasing trend as children grew older (9% at 9 M to 29% at 54 M). The mothers of children ...

Abstract	Background: Linking self-reported data collected from longitudinal studies with administrative health records is timely and cost-effective, provides the opportunity to augment information contained in each and can offset some of the limitations of both data sources. The aim of this study was to compare maternal-reported child injury data with administrative injury records and assess the level of agreement. Methods: A deterministic linkage was undertaken to link injury-related data from the Growing up in New Zealand (GUiNZ) study to routinely collected injury records from New Zealand's Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) for preschool children. The analyses compared: (i) the characteristics of mothers with linked data vs. those without, (ii) injury incidences from maternal recall with those recorded in ACC injury claims, and (iii) the demographic characteristics of concordant and discordant injury reports, including the validity and reliability of injury records from both data sources. Results: Of all mothers who responded to the injury questions in the GUiNZ study (n = 5836), more than 95% (n = 5637) agreed to have their child's record linked to routine administrative health records. The overall discordance in injury reports showed an increasing trend as children grew older (9% at 9 M to 29% at 54 M). The mothers of children with discordance between maternal injury reports and ACC records were more likely to be younger, of Pacific ethnicity, with lower educational attainment, and live in areas of high deprivation (p < 0.001). The level of agreement between maternal injury recall and ACC injury record decreased (κ = 0.83 to κ = 0.42) as the cohort moved through their preschool years. Conclusions: In general, the findings of this study identified that there was underreporting and discordance of the maternal injury recall, which varied by the demographic characteristics of mothers and their child's age. Therefore, linking the routinely gathered injury data with maternal self-report child injury data has the potential to augment longitudinal birth cohort study data to investigate risk or protective factors associated with childhood injury.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Caregivers ; Mothers ; Longitudinal Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041362-2
ISSN	1471-2288 ; 1471-2288
ISSN (online)	1471-2288
ISSN	1471-2288
DOI	10.1186/s12874-023-01900-0
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Article: RNA Infrastructure Profiling Illuminates Transcriptome Structure in Crowded Spaces.

Xiao, Lu / Fang, Linglan / Kool, Eric T

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: ... show that acetyl probes provide superior signals for identifying m ...

Abstract	RNAs can fold into compact three-dimensional structures, and most RNAs undergo protein interactions in the cell. These compact and occluded environments can block the ability of structure-probing agents to provide useful data about the folding and modification of the underlying RNA. The development of probes that can analyze structure in crowded settings, and differentiate the proximity of interactions, can shed new light on RNA biology. To this end, here we employ 2'-OH-reactive probes that are small enough to access folded RNA structure underlying many close molecular contacts within cells, providing considerably broader coverage for intracellular RNA structural analysis. We compare reverse transcriptase stops in RNA-Seq data from probes of small and standard size to assess RNA-protein proximity and evaluate solvent-exposed tunnels adjacent to RNA. The data are analyzed first with structurally characterized complexes (human 18S and 28S RNA), and then applied transcriptome-wide to polyadenylated transcripts in HEK293 cells. In our transcriptome profile, the smallest probe acetylimidazole (AcIm) yields 80% greater structural coverage than larger conventional reagent NAIN3, providing enhanced structural information in hundreds of transcripts. We further show that acetyl probes provide superior signals for identifying m
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.10.09.561413
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Article ; Online: Low-value chronic prescription of acid reducing medication among Dutch general practitioners: impact of a patient education intervention.

Müskens, Joris L J M / van Dulmen, Simone A / Hek, Karin / Westert, Gert P / Kool, Rudolf B

BMC primary care

2024 Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 106

Abstract: Background: Dyspepsia is a commonly encountered clinical condition in Dutch general practice, which is often treated through the prescription of acid-reducing medication (ARM). However, recent studies indicate that the majority of chronic ARM users lack ...

Abstract	Background: Dyspepsia is a commonly encountered clinical condition in Dutch general practice, which is often treated through the prescription of acid-reducing medication (ARM). However, recent studies indicate that the majority of chronic ARM users lack an indication for their use and that their long-term use is associated with adverse outcomes. We developed a patient-focussed educational intervention aiming to reduce low-value (chronic) use of ARM. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled study, and evaluated its effect on the low-value chronic prescription of ARM using data from a subset (n = 26) of practices from the Nivel Primary Care Database. The intervention involved distributing an educational waiting room posters and flyers informing both patients and general practitioners (GPs) regarding the appropriate indications for prescription of an ARM for dyspepsia, which also referred to an online decision aid. The interventions' effect was evaluated through calculation of the odds ratio of a patient receiving a low-value chronic ARM prescription over the second half of 2021 and 2022 (i.e. pre-intervention vs. post-intervention). Results: In both the control and intervention groups, the proportion of patients receiving chronic low-value ARM prescriptions slightly increased. In the control group, it decreased from 50.3% in 2021 to 49.7% in 2022, and in the intervention group it increased from 51.3% in 2021 to 53.1% in 2022. Subsequent statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in low-value chronic prescriptions between the control and intervention groups (Odds ratio: 1.11 [0.84-1.47], p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our educational intervention did not result in a change in the low-value chronic prescription of ARM; approximately half of the patients of the intervention and control still received low-value chronic ARM prescriptions. The absence of effect might be explained by selection bias of participating practices, awareness on the topic of chronic AMR prescriptions and the relative low proportion of low-value chronic ARM prescribing in the intervention as well as the control group compared to an assessment conducted two years prior. Trial registration: 10/31/2023 NCT06108817.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; General Practitioners ; Dyspepsia ; Patient Education as Topic ; General Practice ; Drug Prescriptions
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ISSN	2731-4553
ISSN (online)	2731-4553
DOI	10.1186/s12875-024-02351-2
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Article ; Online: Food selection by the silver leaf monkey,Trachypithecus auratus sondaicus, in relation to plant chemistry.

Kool, K M

Oecologia

2017 Volume 90, Issue 4, Page(s) 527–533

Abstract: Samples of leaves and fruits exploited as food items byTrachypithecus auratus sondaicus were analysed for nitrogen content, acid detergent fibre (ADF), pepsin cellulase digestibility (CDIG), condensed tannins (CT), total phenolics (TP) and protein ... ...

Abstract	Samples of leaves and fruits exploited as food items byTrachypithecus auratus sondaicus were analysed for nitrogen content, acid detergent fibre (ADF), pepsin cellulase digestibility (CDIG), condensed tannins (CT), total phenolics (TP) and protein precipitation capacity (PP) and compared with fruits and leaves not eaten. Differences in chemical measures for items eaten and not eaten were not statistically significant but trends indicate that leaves may have been selected for their lower fibre content and greater digestibility. Fruits eaten also had a higher mean level of CDIG and lower mean level of ADF than fruits not eaten but these measures are not considered to be of major importance in fruit selection as CDIG was lower and ADF higher in fruits eaten than in leaves eaten. Levels of CT, TP and PP capacity were higher in fruits eaten than in fruits not eaten but lower in leaves eaten than in leaves not eaten. The role of tannins and phenolics in food selection is discussed. Leaves (and fruits) were not strongly selected on the basis of protein content. Approximately half the dietary intake ofT. auratus sondaicus was leaves, a protein-rich food source. Possibly, protein levels in foliage at Pangandaran were sufficient that selection for this nutrient was not required. A nutrient other than protein (for example, soluble carbohydrates) may have been maximised through food selection. The protein/ADF ratio may provide an indicator of the acceptability of foliage in a habitat as potential food for a colobine. However, this ratio did not govern food selection byT. auratus sondaicus at Pangandaran.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-17
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/BF01875446
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