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  1. Article ; Online: Daptomycin Exposure Prediction With a Limited Sampling Strategy.

    De Gregori, Simona / Seminari, Elena / Capone, Mara / Giordani, Paola / Bruno, Rsffaele / De Silvestri, Annalisa

    Therapeutic drug monitoring

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic used to treat serious infectious endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The pharmacodynamic parameter correlating best with efficacy is the ratio of the estimated area under the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic used to treat serious infectious endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The pharmacodynamic parameter correlating best with efficacy is the ratio of the estimated area under the concentration (AUC0-24)-time curve to the minimum inhibitory concentration. The aim of the study is to develop a limited sampling strategy to estimate AUC0-24 using a reduced number of samples.
    Methods: Sixty-eight daptomycin AUC0-24 values were calculated for 50 White patients who underwent treatment for at least 5 consecutive days. Plasma concentrations were detected using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analytical method, with daptomycin-d5 as an internal standard. Multiple regression was used to evaluate the ability of 2 concentration-time points to predict the AUC0-24 calculated from the entire pharmacokinetic profile. Prediction bias was calculated as the mean prediction error, whereas prediction precision was estimated as the mean absolute prediction error. The development and validation datasets comprised 40 and 10 randomly selected patients, respectively.
    Results: The AUC0-24 (mg*h/L) was best estimated using the daptomycin trough concentration and plasma concentrations detected 2 hours after dosing. We calculated a mean prediction error of 1.6 (95% confidence interval, -10.7 to 10.9) and a mean absolute prediction error of 11.8 (95% confidence interval, 5.3-18.3), with 73% of prediction errors within ±15%.
    Conclusions: An equation was developed to estimate daptomycin exposure (AUC0-24), offering clinical applicability and utility in generating personalized dosing regimens, especially for individuals at high risk of treatment failure or delayed response.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 424443-6
    ISSN 1536-3694 ; 0163-4356
    ISSN (online) 1536-3694
    ISSN 0163-4356
    DOI 10.1097/FTD.0000000000001211
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Optimizing Antibiotic Therapy for Intravenous Drug Users: A Narrative Review Unraveling Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics Challenges.

    Colaneri, Marta / Genovese, Camilla / Valsecchi, Pietro / Calia, Matteo / Cattaneo, Dario / Gori, Andrea / Bruno, Raffaele / Seminari, Elena

    European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics

    2024  Volume 49, Issue 2, Page(s) 123–129

    Abstract: Intravenous drug users (IVDUs) face heightened susceptibility to life-threatening gram-positive bacterial infections, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). While the standard antibiotic dosing strategies for special patients, ... ...

    Abstract Intravenous drug users (IVDUs) face heightened susceptibility to life-threatening gram-positive bacterial infections, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). While the standard antibiotic dosing strategies for special patients, such as obese or critically ill individuals, are known to be inadequate, raising concerns about treatment efficacy, a similar sort of understanding has not been assessed for IVDUs yet. With this in mind, this review examines the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics of antibiotics commonly used against gram-positive bacteria in IVDUs. Focusing on daptomycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, aminoglycosides, and the novel lipoglycopeptide dalbavancin, the study reveals significant pharmacokinetic variations in IVDUs, suggesting the need for personalized dosing. Concomitant opioid substitution therapy and other factors, such as malnutrition, contribute to altered pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, emphasizing the importance of targeted therapeutic drug monitoring. Overall, our study calls for increased awareness among clinicians regarding the unique pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic challenges in IVDUs and advocates for tailored antibiotic dosing strategies to enhance treatment outcomes in this marginalized population.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Drug Users ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/drug therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Vancomycin
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Vancomycin (6Q205EH1VU)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-08
    Publishing country France
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 196729-0
    ISSN 2107-0180 ; 0398-7639 ; 0378-7966
    ISSN (online) 2107-0180
    ISSN 0398-7639 ; 0378-7966
    DOI 10.1007/s13318-024-00882-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: A worldwide survey on perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis for heart transplantation: From theory to clinical practice.

    Seminari, Elena / Ladini, Giulia Sofia / Colaneri, Marta / Chow, Jennifer / Bruno, Raffaele

    Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society

    2023  Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) e14034

    Abstract: Background: The aim of our survey was to analyze the current attitudes toward antimicrobial prophylaxis in heart transplanting centers worldwide.: Methods: The survey was composed of a total of 50 questions, it consisted of four different sections as ...

    Abstract Background: The aim of our survey was to analyze the current attitudes toward antimicrobial prophylaxis in heart transplanting centers worldwide.
    Methods: The survey was composed of a total of 50 questions, it consisted of four different sections as follows. The first section collected physicians' personal data and centers' general characteristics, second assessed the approach to patients colonized with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), while the third consisted of the infection risk related to cardiovascular devices, and antimicrobial treatment data, the last focused on donor's colonization.
    Results: A total of 56 answers from 26 different countries were collected, mostly from Europe (n = 30) and the USA (n = 16). A first-generation cephalosporin (58.9%) or a combination therapy with vancomycin (10.7%) were the most frequently prescribed antimicrobial prophylaxis. Roughly 30% of the centers used different antimicrobial prophylaxis,mostly including Gram negative bacteria coverage. The frequency of screening for multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria was higher in Europe, where the percentage of centers providing screening for extended spectrum beta-lactamase (46.7%) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) (53.3%) was higher than in other geographic area (p = .019; p = .013, respectively).
    Conclusion: This survey highlights a heterogeneity of clinical practice concerning antimicrobial prophylaxis at transplant. The concern for potential Gram-negative bacteria infection was responsible for broader antimicrobial coverage in 30% of centers.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Heart Transplantation/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-06
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1476094-0
    ISSN 1399-3062 ; 1398-2273
    ISSN (online) 1399-3062
    ISSN 1398-2273
    DOI 10.1111/tid.14034
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Ultrasound for management of left ventricular assist device driveline infections: A single-center experience.

    Lissandrin, Raffaella / Sangani, Aurelia / Pesare, Rebecca / Minucci, Rita / Pisani, Giulia Pinuccia / Gazzoli, Fabrizio / Pelenghi, Stefano / Bruno, Raffaele / Seminari, Elena

    Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) e14178

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Heart-Assist Devices/adverse effects ; Heart Failure/therapy ; Ultrasonography ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-23
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1476094-0
    ISSN 1399-3062 ; 1398-2273
    ISSN (online) 1399-3062
    ISSN 1398-2273
    DOI 10.1111/tid.14178
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: A Case Report of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in AIDS Diagnosed Through Peripheral Blood Smear.

    Asperges, Erika / Cavanna, Caterina / Mollaschi, Eva M G / Seminari, Elena M

    Current HIV research

    2021  Volume 19, Issue 5, Page(s) 457–459

    Abstract: Background: Histoplasma capsulatum is an environmental fungus that causes opportunistic infections in AIDS patients in endemic areas but is uncommon in Europe. It shares clinical features with other opportunistic infections and lymphoproliferative ... ...

    Abstract Background: Histoplasma capsulatum is an environmental fungus that causes opportunistic infections in AIDS patients in endemic areas but is uncommon in Europe. It shares clinical features with other opportunistic infections and lymphoproliferative disorders common in AIDS patients. The World Health Organization included Histoplasma antigen tests on the Lists of Essential In Vitro Diagnostics, however, they are not routinely available in non-endemic countries. Consequently, mycoses can be a great challenge for clinicians in non-endemic countries.
    Case presentation: We report the case of a 42-year-old Colombian woman admitted to an Italian university hospital with diarrhea, acute renal failure, psychomotor impairment and fever. When a screening HIV test came back positive, she was screened for opportunistic infections with no results. Given the severity of her clinical condition a broad spectrum antibacterial and antifungal therapy was started in addition to HAART. A blood smear documented leucocytes inclusions, identified as capsular structures. On suspicion of Histoplasma capsulatum the patient was started on empiric amphotericin B. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive serology. Despite therapy, the patient died shortly after. In the following days, the mycology laboratory managed to grow Histoplasma capsulatum, thus confirming the diagnosis of invasive histoplasmosis in AIDS.
    Conclusion: The case highlights the need for a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis of endemic mycosis outside of endemic areas, and the necessity of expanding access to tests. Even if antigen/ antibody tests are not available, however, blood smear has worldwide feasibility and allows a rapid diagnosis.
    MeSH term(s) AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications ; Adult ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; Histoplasma ; Histoplasmosis/diagnosis ; Histoplasmosis/drug therapy ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2192348-6
    ISSN 1873-4251 ; 1570-162X
    ISSN (online) 1873-4251
    ISSN 1570-162X
    DOI 10.2174/1570162X19666210607120404
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The possible role of serum bactericidal titres in long-term suppressive antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis: report of three cases.

    Valsecchi, Pietro / Calia, Matteo / Marvulli, Lea Nadia / Bono, Enrica / Monzillo, Vincenzina / Bruno, Raffaele / Seminari, Elena

    Infectious diseases (London, England)

    2023  Volume 55, Issue 7, Page(s) 514–518

    Abstract: Introduction: long term suppressive antibiotic treatment may be the only feasible option for patients with infective endocarditis (IE) not suitable for surgery.: Case reports: we present three cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) caused by !## ...

    Abstract Introduction: long term suppressive antibiotic treatment may be the only feasible option for patients with infective endocarditis (IE) not suitable for surgery.
    Case reports: we present three cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) caused by
    Conclusions: long term oral amoxicillin was effective and well-tolerated. SBTs after switch to oral therapy were quite heterogeneous, in some cases not reaching the conventionally established titre to assess bactericidal effect (1:8).Key pointsendovascular infection in non-suitable-for-surgery patients can be managed with long-term oral suppressive therapy.serum bactericidal assay confirmed high effectiveness of parenteral antibiotic therapy.serum bactericidal assay showed highly variable titres during oral therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Endocarditis/drug therapy ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Amoxicillin/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Amoxicillin (804826J2HU)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2839775-7
    ISSN 2374-4243 ; 2374-4235
    ISSN (online) 2374-4243
    ISSN 2374-4235
    DOI 10.1080/23744235.2023.2216271
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: A case of Corynebacterium striatum endocarditis successfully treated with an early switch to oral antimicrobial therapy.

    Biscarini, Simona / Colaneri, Marta / Mariani, Bianca / Pieri, Teresa Chiara / Bruno, Raffaele / Seminari, Elena

    Le infezioni in medicina

    2021  Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 138–144

    Abstract: Patients with Corynebacterium striatum endocarditis are usually managed with long-term intravenous antibiotic therapy and hospitalization. Here we describe a case of a 76-year-old woman with hepatitis C virus (HCV) related cirrhosis who developed ... ...

    Abstract Patients with Corynebacterium striatum endocarditis are usually managed with long-term intravenous antibiotic therapy and hospitalization. Here we describe a case of a 76-year-old woman with hepatitis C virus (HCV) related cirrhosis who developed endocarditis due to Corynebacterium striatum associated with severe aortic regurgitation. To our knowledge, this is the first case to be successfully treated with an early switch to oral linezolid after three weeks of vancomycin. We performed a literature review using the PubMed database and found 27 cases which showed the enhanced virulence of this pathogen especially for long-term hospitalized patients with a frequent need of surgical treatment (44.4%) and long course of parenteral antimicrobial therapy, with vancomycin as drug of choice. There are no studies confirming the possibility of using oral treatment in non-diphtheritic Corynebacteria infective endocarditis. This case report provides us with the evidence that once the patient is in a stable condition, the efficacy and safety of linezolid might be similar to vancomycin administration. New trials and prospective studies are needed to confirm the opportunity of an early switch to oral therapy in this specific setting.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; Corynebacterium ; Endocarditis/drug therapy ; Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Linezolid/therapeutic use ; Vancomycin/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Vancomycin (6Q205EH1VU) ; Linezolid (ISQ9I6J12J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-05
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041081-5
    ISSN 1124-9390
    ISSN 1124-9390
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by fomites in real-life conditions.

    Mondelli, Mario U / Colaneri, Marta / Seminari, Elena M / Baldanti, Fausto / Bruno, Raffaele

    The Lancet. Infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 5, Page(s) e112

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Fomites ; Humans ; Risk ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2061641-7
    ISSN 1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
    ISSN (online) 1474-4457
    ISSN 1473-3099
    DOI 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30678-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Mitral Valve Infective Endocarditis due to Streptococcus pyogenes: A Case Report.

    Sarda, Cristina / Magrini, Giulia / Pelenghi, Sfefano / Turco, Annalisa / Seminari, Elena

    Cureus

    2019  Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) e4461

    Abstract: Infective endocarditis (IE) due to group A β-hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) has rarely been reported in the literature. We herein report a Streptococcus pyogenes native mitral valve endocarditis in a young patient and a review of the ... ...

    Abstract Infective endocarditis (IE) due to group A β-hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) has rarely been reported in the literature. We herein report a Streptococcus pyogenes native mitral valve endocarditis in a young patient and a review of the literature. The patient had a native mitral valve endocarditis with vegetation; his hemodynamic stability and a short course of antibiotic treatment prevented urgent surgery on the mitral valve. He was previously treated with cefixime and azithromycin for four days and then, upon hospital admission, with vancomycin plus amoxicillin-clavulanate. After the diagnosis of IE due to Streptococcus pyogenes, treatment with gentamicin (3 mg/kg daily) and ampicillin (12 g/day) was implemented. The patient underwent weekly echocardiographic evaluations during antibiotic treatment to document the resolution of the vegetations. He was discharged to home in good clinical conditions after a four-week course of antibiotic treatment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.4461
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Concomitant Resistance to Cefiderocol and Ceftazidime/Avibactam in Two Carbapenemase-Producing

    Bellinzona, Greta / Merla, Cristina / Corbella, Marta / Iskandar, Elizabeth Nagy / Seminari, Elena / Di Matteo, Angela / Gaiarsa, Stefano / Petazzoni, Greta / Sassera, Davide / Baldanti, Fausto / Piazza, Aurora / Cambieri, Patrizia

    Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.)

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 21–26

    Abstract: In this study, we present two cases ... ...

    Abstract In this study, we present two cases of
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Ceftazidime/pharmacology ; Ceftazidime/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics ; Cefiderocol ; Klebsiella Infections/drug therapy ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; beta-Lactamases/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Azabicyclo Compounds/pharmacology ; Azabicyclo Compounds/therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations ; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
    Chemical Substances Ceftazidime (9M416Z9QNR) ; carbapenemase (EC 3.5.2.6) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cefiderocol (SZ34OMG6E8) ; avibactam (7352665165) ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) ; Bacterial Proteins ; Azabicyclo Compounds ; Drug Combinations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1290490-9
    ISSN 1931-8448 ; 1076-6294
    ISSN (online) 1931-8448
    ISSN 1076-6294
    DOI 10.1089/mdr.2023.0054
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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