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  1. Article ; Online: Case Report: Prolonged Viral Shedding in Six COVID-19 Patients.

    Alsaud, Arwa E / Nair, Arun Prabhakaran / Matarneh, Ahmad S / Sasi, Sreethish / El Hassan, Rania / Khan, Fahmi / Coyle, Peter / Abu Khattab, Mohamed / Mohamed, Mouhand F H

    The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

    2021  Volume 104, Issue 4, Page(s) 1472–1475

    Abstract: ... in patients with prolonged viral shedding, to understand the virus's viability and infectivity. ... the SARS-CoV-2 for several weeks. Herein, we report six cases of COVID-19 who had persistently positive ... is the preferred method of diagnosis. Recent evidence has suggested that COVID-19 patients can shed ...

    Abstract COVID-19 has surfaced as a multi-organ disease predominantly affecting the respiratory system. Detection of the viral RNA through reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) from a nasopharyngeal or throat sample is the preferred method of diagnosis. Recent evidence has suggested that COVID-19 patients can shed the SARS-CoV-2 for several weeks. Herein, we report six cases of COVID-19 who had persistently positive SARS-CoV-2 on repeat RT-PCR testing reaching up to 9 weeks. The spectrum of cases described ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. A full understanding of the virus's transmission dynamics needs further research. Prolonged viral shedding currently has unclear implications on the management and isolation decisions-the role of the cycle threshold (Ct) value in guiding therapeutic decisions is yet to be clarified. More data on the relationship between Ct values and viral cultivation are needed, especially in patients with prolonged viral shedding, to understand the virus's viability and infectivity.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/blood ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/virology ; Humans ; Immunosuppression Therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Time Factors ; Virus Shedding ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2942-7
    ISSN 1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
    ISSN (online) 1476-1645
    ISSN 0002-9637
    DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0933
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Secondary organizing pneumonia associated with protracted COVID: A case series.

    Sansen, P-Y / Coche, E / Hainaut, P / Froidure, A / Scohy, A / Ghaye, B / Belkhir, L / De Greef, J

    Infectious diseases now

    2024  Volume 54, Issue 3, Page(s) 104888

    Abstract: ... Patients and methods: This monocentric retrospective study reports six cases of severe organizing ... 19, a clinical syndrome characterized by prolonged viral shedding and respiratory symptoms ... pneumonia that developed during the clinical course of protracted COVID-19.: Results: All patients ...

    Abstract Objectives: Immunocompromised B-cell-depleted patients are at risk of developing protracted COVID-19, a clinical syndrome characterized by prolonged viral shedding and respiratory symptoms that can lead to hypoxemic pneumonia. Our aim is to describe this unusual condition and its treatment.
    Patients and methods: This monocentric retrospective study reports six cases of severe organizing pneumonia that developed during the clinical course of protracted COVID-19.
    Results: All patients developed organizing pneumonia (OP) in the setting of protracted COVID. Clinical improvement was obtained after several treatment lines including specific antiviral agents and occurred simultaneously with control of the viral load.
    Conclusion: As it was the most frequent presentation of protracted COVID-19 in our survey, we believe that this specific form of organizing pneumonia warrants increased awareness. Furthermore, specific antiviral therapy seems to control this condition.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Pneumonia ; Organizing Pneumonia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-15
    Publishing country France
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ISSN 2666-9919
    ISSN (online) 2666-9919
    DOI 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104888
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Persistent viral shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 after treatment with bendamustine and rituximab: A case report.

    Arai, Tatsuya / Mukai, Satoru / Kazama, Ryo / Ogawa, Yoshihiko / Nishida, Koji / Hatanaka, Kazuo / Gohma, Iwao

    Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 6, Page(s) 810–813

    Abstract: ... Hence, possible prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding should be considered in patients who receive BR therapy. ... specimens for up to 12-20 days regardless of the presence of chronic diseases in patients. We report a case ... after receiving six cycles of bendamustine and rituximab (BR) therapy for follicular lymphoma; the last ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA is detectable in nasopharyngeal specimens for up to 12-20 days regardless of the presence of chronic diseases in patients. We report a case of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection that lasted for more than eight weeks. The patient had persistent lymphopenia after receiving six cycles of bendamustine and rituximab (BR) therapy for follicular lymphoma; the last chemotherapy session was completed nine months before admission. The first nasopharyngeal specimen (NPS) for the SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction assay tested positive for the N501Y variant five weeks before admission. The patient's general and respiratory conditions gradually worsened; therefore, he was admitted to our hospital, and the same SARS-CoV-2 variant was subsequently identified on admission. Treatment for coronavirus disease was initiated, and the patient's condition improved; however, the NPS tested positive on day 15. The patient was discharged on day 28 and was instructed to isolate at home for a month. Hence, possible prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding should be considered in patients who receive BR therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Bendamustine Hydrochloride/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; RNA, Viral ; Rituximab/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Virus Shedding ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral ; Rituximab (4F4X42SYQ6) ; Bendamustine Hydrochloride (981Y8SX18M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-31
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1355399-9
    ISSN 1437-7780 ; 1341-321X
    ISSN (online) 1437-7780
    ISSN 1341-321X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.01.014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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  4. Article: Dynamics of a Dual SARS-CoV-2 Lineage Co-Infection on a Prolonged Viral Shedding COVID-19 Case: Insights into Clinical Severity and Disease Duration.

    Pedro, Nicole / Silva, Cláudio N / Magalhães, Ana C / Cavadas, Bruno / Rocha, Ana M / Moreira, Ana C / Gomes, Maria Salomé / Silva, Diogo / Sobrinho-Simões, Joana / Ramos, Angélica / Cardoso, Maria J / Filipe, Rita / Palma, Pedro / Ceia, Filipa / Silva, Susana / Guimarães, João T / Sarmento, António / Fernandes, Verónica / Pereira, Luisa /
    Tavares, Margarida

    Microorganisms

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 2

    Abstract: ... severe and prolonged viral shedding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case in a 17-year-old Portuguese ... to the severity of COVID-19 in this otherwise healthy young patient, and to her prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding ... The 20A lineage was absolute at the diagnosis (shared with the patient's mother), but nine days later ...

    Abstract A few molecularly proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases of symptomatic reinfection are currently known worldwide, with a resolved first infection followed by a second infection after a 48 to 142-day intervening period. We report a multiple-component study of a clinically severe and prolonged viral shedding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case in a 17-year-old Portuguese female. She had two hospitalizations, a total of 19 RT-PCR tests, mostly positive, and criteria for releasing from home isolation at the end of 97 days. The viral genome was sequenced in seven serial samples and in the diagnostic sample from her infected mother. A human genome-wide array (>900 K) was screened on the seven samples, and in vitro culture was conducted on isolates from three late samples. The patient had co-infection by two SARS-CoV-2 lineages, which were affiliated in distinct clades and diverging by six variants. The 20A lineage was absolute at the diagnosis (shared with the patient's mother), but nine days later, the 20B lineage had 3% frequency, and two months later, the 20B lineage had 100% frequency. The 900 K profiles confirmed the identity of the patient in the serial samples, and they allowed us to infer that she had polygenic risk scores for hospitalization and severe respiratory disease within the normal distributions for a Portuguese population cohort. The early-on dynamic co-infection may have contributed to the severity of COVID-19 in this otherwise healthy young patient, and to her prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding profile.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms9020300
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Dynamics of a Dual SARS-CoV-2 Lineage Co-Infection on a Prolonged Viral Shedding COVID-19 Case

    Nicole Pedro / Cláudio N. Silva / Ana C. Magalhães / Bruno Cavadas / Ana M. Rocha / Ana C. Moreira / Maria Salomé Gomes / Diogo Silva / Joana Sobrinho-Simões / Angélica Ramos / Maria J. Cardoso / Rita Filipe / Pedro Palma / Filipa Ceia / Susana Silva / João T. Guimarães / António Sarmento / Verónica Fernandes / Luisa Pereira /
    Margarida Tavares

    Microorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2, p

    Insights into Clinical Severity and Disease Duration

    2021  Volume 300

    Abstract: ... severe and prolonged viral shedding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case in a 17-year-old Portuguese ... to the severity of COVID-19 in this otherwise healthy young patient, and to her prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding ... infection after a 48 to 142-day intervening period. We report a multiple-component study of a clinically ...

    Abstract A few molecularly proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases of symptomatic reinfection are currently known worldwide, with a resolved first infection followed by a second infection after a 48 to 142-day intervening period. We report a multiple-component study of a clinically severe and prolonged viral shedding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case in a 17-year-old Portuguese female. She had two hospitalizations, a total of 19 RT-PCR tests, mostly positive, and criteria for releasing from home isolation at the end of 97 days. The viral genome was sequenced in seven serial samples and in the diagnostic sample from her infected mother. A human genome-wide array (>900 K) was screened on the seven samples, and in vitro culture was conducted on isolates from three late samples. The patient had co-infection by two SARS-CoV-2 lineages, which were affiliated in distinct clades and diverging by six variants. The 20A lineage was absolute at the diagnosis (shared with the patient’s mother), but nine days later, the 20B lineage had 3% frequency, and two months later, the 20B lineage had 100% frequency. The 900 K profiles confirmed the identity of the patient in the serial samples, and they allowed us to infer that she had polygenic risk scores for hospitalization and severe respiratory disease within the normal distributions for a Portuguese population cohort. The early-on dynamic co-infection may have contributed to the severity of COVID-19 in this otherwise healthy young patient, and to her prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding profile.
    Keywords COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 ; viral shedding ; co-infection ; viral whole-genome sequencing ; polygenic risk score ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: Dynamics of a Dual SARS-CoV-2 Lineage Co-Infection on a Prolonged Viral Shedding COVID-19 Case: Insights into Clinical Severity and Disease Duration

    Pedro, Nicole / Silva, Cláudio N. / Magalhães, Ana C. / Cavadas, Bruno / Rocha, Ana M. / Moreira, Ana C. / Gomes, Maria Salomé / Silva, Diogo / Sobrinho-Simões, Joana / Ramos, Angélica / Cardoso, Maria J. / Filipe, Rita / Palma, Pedro / Ceia, Filipa / Silva, Susana / Guimarães, João T. / Sarmento, António / Fernandes, Verónica / Pereira, Luisa /
    Tavares, Margarida

    Microorganisms. 2021 Feb. 02, v. 9, no. 2

    2021  

    Abstract: ... severe and prolonged viral shedding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case in a 17-year-old Portuguese ... to the severity of COVID-19 in this otherwise healthy young patient, and to her prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding ... infection after a 48 to 142-day intervening period. We report a multiple-component study of a clinically ...

    Abstract A few molecularly proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases of symptomatic reinfection are currently known worldwide, with a resolved first infection followed by a second infection after a 48 to 142-day intervening period. We report a multiple-component study of a clinically severe and prolonged viral shedding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case in a 17-year-old Portuguese female. She had two hospitalizations, a total of 19 RT-PCR tests, mostly positive, and criteria for releasing from home isolation at the end of 97 days. The viral genome was sequenced in seven serial samples and in the diagnostic sample from her infected mother. A human genome-wide array (>900 K) was screened on the seven samples, and in vitro culture was conducted on isolates from three late samples. The patient had co-infection by two SARS-CoV-2 lineages, which were affiliated in distinct clades and diverging by six variants. The 20A lineage was absolute at the diagnosis (shared with the patient’s mother), but nine days later, the 20B lineage had 3% frequency, and two months later, the 20B lineage had 100% frequency. The 900 K profiles confirmed the identity of the patient in the serial samples, and they allowed us to infer that she had polygenic risk scores for hospitalization and severe respiratory disease within the normal distributions for a Portuguese population cohort. The early-on dynamic co-infection may have contributed to the severity of COVID-19 in this otherwise healthy young patient, and to her prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding profile.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; females ; humans ; mixed infection ; patients ; respiratory tract diseases ; risk ; viral genome
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0202
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms9020300
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Estimation of shedding time in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in South Africa: a population-based record linkage study, March-December 2020.

    Tshabane, Carroll / Kuonza, Lazarus / Mdose, Hetani / Musekiwa, Alfred / Motaze, Nkengafac Villyen

    The Pan African medical journal

    2023  Volume 46, Page(s) 24

    Abstract: ... interventions. We aimed to estimate viral shedding time among laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases ... patient monitoring and management are needed for patients with prolonged shedding. Further studies are ... between hospitalized patients and outpatients. Individuals aged 0-4 years had the lowest shedding time ...

    Abstract Introduction: in South Africa, COVID-19 cases are notifiable and hospitalized cases are reported on a dedicated platform. It is crucial to estimate the duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding to inform public health interventions. We aimed to estimate viral shedding time among laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in South Africa.
    Methods: we analyzed COVID-19 PCR results from 5 March to 31 December 2020. We included cases with at least 2 consecutive positive PCR tests and a subsequent negative test. We performed multiple linear regression to determine the association between shedding time and predictor variables (age, sex, admission status and province). We included 2752 cases that met the inclusion criteria.
    Results: about 39.9% (1099/2752) of participants were inpatients and 60.1% (1653/2752) were outpatients. The median shedding time was 17 days (range: 1-128). There was no difference in shedding time between males and females and between hospitalized patients and outpatients. Individuals aged 0-4 years had the lowest shedding time (median: 14 days, range: 1-72). After adjusting for age, sex and province, shedding time was shorter for hospitalized patients compared to outpatients (co-efficient: -0.14, CI: -0.24 - -0.03, P-value: 0.014). Six provinces (KwaZulu-Natal, Gauteng, Limpopo, North West, Mpumalanga, and Western Cape) had a significant association with shedding time.
    Conclusion: the duration of viral shedding within our population varies from 1-128 days. Although prolonged shedding might not necessarily indicate infectiousness, individual patient monitoring and management are needed for patients with prolonged shedding. Further studies are required to explore the association between comorbidities and SARS-CoV-2 shedding time.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Laboratories
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-15
    Publishing country Uganda
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2514347-5
    ISSN 1937-8688 ; 1937-8688
    ISSN (online) 1937-8688
    ISSN 1937-8688
    DOI 10.11604/pamj.2023.46.24.41047
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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