Article ; Online: Why blood group A individuals are at risk whereas blood group O individuals are protected from SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: A hypothesis regarding how the virus invades the human body via ABO(H) blood group-determining carbohydrates.
2020 Volume 226, Issue 3, Page(s) 152027
Abstract: ... of autoreactivity. The non-O blood groups thus become a preferred target for the virus, whereas blood group O(H ... of plasma proteins. The virus may, by mimicking the synthetic pathways of the ABO(H) blood groups, bind to the cell ... this intermediate structure will hypothetically be replaced by ABO(H) blood group-specific, mucin-type structures ...
| Abstract | While the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein is defined as the primary severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor, the viral serine molecule might be mobilized by the host's transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2) enzyme from the viral spike (S) protein and hijack the host's N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) metabolism. The resulting hybrid, serologically A-like/Tn (T nouvelle) structure potentially acts as a host-pathogen functional molecular bridge. In humans, this intermediate structure will hypothetically be replaced by ABO(H) blood group-specific, mucin-type structures, in the case of infection hybrid epitopes, implicating the phenotypically glycosidic accommodation of plasma proteins. The virus may, by mimicking the synthetic pathways of the ABO(H) blood groups, bind to the cell surfaces of the blood group O(H) by formation of a hybrid H-type antigen as the potential precursor of hybrid non-O blood groups, which does not affect the highly anti-glycan aggressive anti-A and anti-B isoagglutinin activities, exerted by the germline-encoded nonimmune immunoglobulin M (IgM). In the non-O blood groups, which have developed from the H-type antigen, these IgM activities are downregulated by phenotypic glycosylation, while adaptive immunoglobulins might arise in response to the hybrid A and B blood group structures, bonds between autologous carbohydrates and foreign peptides, suggesting the exertion of autoreactivity. The non-O blood groups thus become a preferred target for the virus, whereas blood group O(H) individuals, lacking the A/B phenotype-determining enzymes and binding the virus alone by hybrid H-type antigen formation, have the least molecular contact with the virus and maintain the critical anti-A and anti-B isoagglutinin activities, exerted by the ancestral IgM, which is considered the humoral spearhead of innate immunity. |
|---|---|
| MeSH term(s) | Animals ; Blood Group Antigens/genetics ; Blood Group Antigens/metabolism ; COVID-19/immunology ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Disease Resistance ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Risk ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology |
| Chemical Substances | Blood Group Antigens ; Immunoglobulin M |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2020-11-04 |
| Publishing country | Netherlands |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Review |
| ZDB-ID | 563292-4 |
| ISSN | 1878-3279 ; 0171-2985 |
| ISSN (online) | 1878-3279 |
| ISSN | 0171-2985 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152027 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
Full text online
More links
Kategorien
In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter
| Ud II Zs.32: Show issues | Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG) |
Order via subito
This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.