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  1. Article: SARS-CoV-2 associated viral encephalitis with mortality outcome.

    Azab, Mohammed A / Azzam, Ahmed Y

    Interdisciplinary neurosurgery : Advanced techniques and case management

    2021  Volume 25, Page(s) 101132

    Abstract: Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared in Wuhan, China ... CoV-2 possible complications, even if there are possible further mutations for the virus, especially ... CoV-2. Due to its wide pattern of expression, COVID-19 was shown to affect several organs, including ...

    Abstract Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019; apart from common conditions such as cough, fever, and severe respiratory complications, difficulty in breathing, including tachypnea, new studies on neurological manifestations have gained public interest.
    Case report: An 89-year-old man was admitted to the neurocritical care department in a specialized hospital with headache, dizziness, hyperpyrexia, myalgia, rash, and tremors. MRI showed viral encephalitis near to basal ganglia and thalami.
    Discussion: Coronaviruses interfere with target cells by membrane-bound spike proteins. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 was identified as an input receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Due to its wide pattern of expression, COVID-19 was shown to affect several organs, including the central nervous system, where the receptor is mainly expressed as neurons.
    Conclusions: In the current pandemic, there is a rising number of global infections, the aim of our case to increase the awareness about SARS-CoV-2 possible complications, even if there are possible further mutations for the virus, especially in the central nervous system.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-25
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2785532-6
    ISSN 2214-7519
    ISSN 2214-7519
    DOI 10.1016/j.inat.2021.101132
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2-Related Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy of Childhood With Good Response to Tocilizumab in an Adolescent.

    Ho, Jasmine H Y / Lee, Cheryl Y M / Chiong, Yee Keow / Aoyama, Rie / Fan, Li Jia / Tan, Amos H S / Han, Velda X

    Pediatric neurology

    2022  Volume 139, Page(s) 65–69

    Abstract: ... neurological disorder. ANEC is associated with a high mortality rate and poor neurological outcomes. ANEC is postulated ... some case reports of acute necrotizing encephalopathy with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV ... 2) coinfection in adults, paediatric cases are rare.: Methods: A single case report of SARS-CoV-2 ...

    Abstract Background: Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a rare parainfectious neurological disorder. ANEC is associated with a high mortality rate and poor neurological outcomes. ANEC is postulated to arise from immune-mediated or metabolic processes driven by viral infections. Although there have been some case reports of acute necrotizing encephalopathy with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coinfection in adults, paediatric cases are rare.
    Methods: A single case report of SARS-CoV-2-related ANEC in an 11-year-old boy is presented through retrospective chart review. Literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar to compare and analyze similar cases of parainfectious immune-mediated encephalopathies related to SARS-CoV-2 in children.
    Results: An 11-year-old boy with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection presented with ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and aphasia. Neuroimaging findings demonstrated significant swelling and signal changes in bilateral thalami, brainstem, and cerebellar hemispheres, consistent with ANEC. His high ANEC Severity Score indicated poor neurological prognosis. Treatment with a combination of early steroid therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, and targeted interleukin 6 (IL-6) blockade yielded good neurological improvements. Literature search identified 19 parainfectious immune-mediated neurological disorders related to SARS-CoV-2 in children. The only other pediatric ANEC case identified was postinfectious and thus not included.
    Conclusions: This is the first report of a pediatric case of SARS-CoV-2-related ANEC, which responded well to early immunotherapy, including IL-6 blockade. Early immunotherapy with IL-6 blockade can be considered as an adjunct in managing severe ANEC.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Male ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Encephalitis/complications ; Interleukin-6 ; Nervous System Diseases/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Interleukin-6 ; tocilizumab (I031V2H011)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639164-3
    ISSN 1873-5150 ; 0887-8994
    ISSN (online) 1873-5150
    ISSN 0887-8994
    DOI 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2022.11.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2260: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  3. Article: Neurological Consequences of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Concurrence of Treatment-Induced Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events in COVID-19 Patients: Navigating the Uncharted.

    Borah, Pobitra / Deb, Pran Kishore / Chandrasekaran, Balakumar / Goyal, Manoj / Bansal, Monika / Hussain, Snawar / Shinu, Pottathil / Venugopala, Katharigatta N / Al-Shar'i, Nizar A / Deka, Satyendra / Singh, Vinayak

    Frontiers in molecular biosciences

    2021  Volume 8, Page(s) 627723

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to the angiotensin-converting ... an emphasis on respiratory complications, the evidence of neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection ... explored. Hypothetically, SARS-CoV-2 may affect the central nervous system (CNS) either by direct ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and invade the human cells to cause COVID-19-related pneumonia. Despite an emphasis on respiratory complications, the evidence of neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly growing, which is substantially contributing to morbidity and mortality. The neurological disorders associated with COVID-19 may have several pathophysiological underpinnings, which are yet to be explored. Hypothetically, SARS-CoV-2 may affect the central nervous system (CNS) either by direct mechanisms like neuronal retrograde dissemination and hematogenous dissemination, or via indirect pathways. CNS complications associated with COVID-19 include encephalitis, acute necrotizing encephalopathy, diffuse leukoencephalopathy, stroke (both ischemic and hemorrhagic), venous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. These may result from different mechanisms, including direct virus infection of the CNS, virus-induced hyper-inflammatory states, and post-infection immune responses. On the other hand, the Guillain-Barre syndrome, hyposmia, hypogeusia, and myopathy are the outcomes of peripheral nervous system injury. Although the therapeutic potential of certain repurposed drugs has led to their off-label use against COVID-19, such as anti-retroviral drugs (remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir-ritonavir combination), biologics (tocilizumab), antibiotics (azithromycin), antiparasitics (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), and corticosteroids (dexamethasone), unfortunately, the associated clinical neuropsychiatric adverse events remains a critical issue. Therefore, COVID-19 represents a major threat to the field of neuropsychiatry, as both the virus and the potential therapies may induce neurologic as well as psychiatric disorders. Notably, potential COVID-19 medications may also interact with the medications of pre-existing neuropsychiatric diseases, thereby further complicating the condition. From this perspective, this review will discuss the possible neurological manifestations and sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection with emphasis on the probable underlying neurotropic mechanisms. Additionally, we will highlight the concurrence of COVID-19 treatment-associated neuropsychiatric events and possible clinically relevant drug interactions, to provide a useful framework and help researchers, especially the neurologists in understanding the neurologic facets of the ongoing pandemic to control the morbidity and mortality.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2814330-9
    ISSN 2296-889X
    ISSN 2296-889X
    DOI 10.3389/fmolb.2021.627723
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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