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Article: Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus.

Bakhshaee, Mehdi / Barzegar-Amini, Maral / Motedayen, Zohreh / Khojasteh-Taheri, Roshanak / Rafiee, Mahdi / Amini, Mahnaz / Layegh, Parvaneh / Hashemzadeh, Kamila / Omidvar, Delaram / Hwang, Peter H / Hosseinpoor, Masoomeh

Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology

2021 Volume 33, Issue 116, Page(s) 163–171

Abstract: ... dysfunction in patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.: Materials and methods ... outcome data were retrieved from patients' medical records. Olfactory dysfunction features, including ... 25.3%) anosmic and 37(46.8%) hyposmic patients.: Conclusion: Olfactory dysfunction seemed to be ...

Abstract	Introduction: The current study aimed at investigating the occurrence and features of olfactory dysfunction in patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Materials and methods: Patients with laboratory and clinically confirmed COVID-19 infection were enrolled in this longitudinal study. They were managed in either the inpatient or outpatient setting. The demographic, clinical, and outcome data were retrieved from patients' medical records. Olfactory dysfunction features, including the onset pattern, duration, and recovery time were investigated. The visual analog scale (VAS) was utilized as a self-rating subjective measurement of olfactory function. Results: According to the results, the mean age of the patients (n=502) was obtained at 46.8±18.5 years; moreover, 52.4% and 47.6% of cases were female and male, respectively. It was also revealed that 35.4% and 64.5% of the subjects were outpatients and hospitalized, respectively. Based on the findings, 178 (38.4%) subjects had olfactory dysfunction. The mean values of VAS in hyposmic patients were estimated at 2.5±2.5, 8.3 ±2.1, and 9.4±1.6 at the first evaluation, in 2 weeks, and after 1 month of follow-up (P<0.001). The onset of olfactory dysfunction was more suddenly (58.7%). The majority of cases experienced olfactory dysfunction at the same time as other symptoms 72(51.1%). Based on the results, 0.4% of subjects infected with COVID-19 had olfactory dysfunction as an isolated symptom. The olfactory dysfunction was recovered after 2 weeks in 18 (25.3%) anosmic and 37(46.8%) hyposmic patients. Conclusion: Olfactory dysfunction seemed to be an important symptom of COVID-19 infection. The occurrence of this disturbance as a transient self-limited condition was significantly higher among female subjects.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-16
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3018470-8
ISSN	2251-726X ; 2251-7251
ISSN (online)	2251-726X
ISSN	2251-7251
DOI	10.22038/ijorl.2021.51614.2750
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Incidence of Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with COVID-19 in a Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Alfallaj, Rayan / AlSkait, Ghada / Alamari, Nouf / Alfawzan, Lama / Abualgasem, Mohammed / Alotaibi, Naif H / Sumaily, Ibrahim / Alarifi, Ibrahim / Alsaleh, Saad

Allergy & rhinology (Providence, R.I.)

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 21526575221140809

Abstract: ... coronavirus 2, a novel virus that emerged in China in December 2019. In many cases of COVID-19, olfactory ... in patients with COVID-19 and identify an association between OD and COVID-19-related morbidity and admission ... Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome ...

Abstract	Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a novel virus that emerged in China in December 2019. In many cases of COVID-19, olfactory dysfunction (OD) is the only symptom. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the incidence of OD in patients with COVID-19 and identify an association between OD and COVID-19-related morbidity and admission. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Methods: Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed cases of COVID-19 from the Security Forces Hospital electronic registry from June 2020 to September 2020 were included in our study. Data on medical background, severity of the disease, and other related factors were collected through phone calls and electronic healthcare systems and analyzed to investigate OD in the participants. Results: Of the participants, 68% had OD, with a mean recovery time of 18 days and a mean follow-up time of 129 days (76-211 days). OD was negatively correlated with admission and morbidity. Conclusion: OD is a common presentation of COVID-19 and is more prevalent in mild cases of infection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2675684-5
ISSN	2152-6567 ; 2152-6575
ISSN (online)	2152-6567
ISSN	2152-6575
DOI	10.1177/21526575221140809
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Article: Olfactory and rhinological evaluations in SARS-CoV-2 patients complaining of olfactory loss.

Ottaviano, G / Carecchio, M / Scarpa, B / Marchese-Ragona, R

Rhinology

2020 Volume 58, Issue 4, Page(s) 400–401

Abstract: Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) outbreak emerged in China and spread ... reported in any patient(2). Anyway, it is now clear that olfactory dysfunction may also be present ... pneumonia. In a study of 7,736 Covid-19 patients in China, of all the clinical symptoms, hyposmia was not ...

Abstract	Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) outbreak emerged in China and spread rapidly in several countries. As of April 5, 2020, 1.218.474 cases were confirmed with 65.884 deaths worldwide (1). The clinical manifestations of Covid-19 range from asymptomatic carrier status to severe pneumonia. In a study of 7,736 Covid-19 patients in China, of all the clinical symptoms, hyposmia was not reported in any patient(2). Anyway, it is now clear that olfactory dysfunction may also be present in these patients(3) as the only or prevalent manifestation(4).
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; China ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis ; Olfaction Disorders/virology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80336-4
ISSN	0300-0729
ISSN	0300-0729
DOI	10.4193/Rhin20.136
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Article ; Online: Presence of gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Kusnik, Alexander / Weiss, Christel / Neubauer, Melanie / Huber, Bianca / Gerigk, Marlis / Miethke, Thomas / Hunter, Nicole / Rotter, Nicole / Ludwig, Sonja / Schell, Angela / Ebert, Matthias P / Teufel, Andreas

BMC infectious diseases

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 612

Abstract: ... wave of infections, the detailed characterization of COVID-19 patients is crucial to early diagnosis ... Background: The unexpected outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ... In Germany, there are currently more than 2,000,000 laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 ...

Abstract	Background: The unexpected outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused more than 49 million cases and an estimated 2,000,000 associated deaths worldwide. In Germany, there are currently more than 2,000,000 laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases including 51,800 deaths. However, regional differences also became apparent and with the second wave of infections, the detailed characterization of COVID-19 patients is crucial to early diagnosis and disruption of chains of infections. Methods: Handing out detailed questionnaires to all individuals tested for COVID-19, we evaluated the clinical characteristics of negative and positive tested individuals. Expression of symptoms, symptom duration and association between predictor variables (i.e. age, gender) and a binary outcome (olfactory and gustatory dysfunction) were assessed. Results: Overall, the most common symptoms among individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were fatigue, headache, and cough. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were also reported by many SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals, more than 20% of SARS-CoV-2 negative tested individuals in our study reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. Independent of SARS-CoV-2 status, more females displayed symptoms of gustatory (29.8%, p = 0.0041) and olfactory dysfunction (22.9%, p = 0.0174) compared to men. Conclusions: Bringing early SARS-CoV-2 tests to the populations at risk must be a main focus for the upcoming months. The reliability of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 negative tested individuals requires deeper investigation in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/physiopathology ; COVID-19/virology ; Cough/epidemiology ; Early Diagnosis ; Fatigue/epidemiology ; Female ; Germany/epidemiology ; Headache/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis ; Olfaction Disorders/epidemiology ; Olfaction Disorders/physiopathology ; Olfaction Disorders/virology ; Pandemics ; Reproducibility of Results ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Sex Characteristics ; Smell ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Taste Disorders/epidemiology ; Taste Disorders/physiopathology ; Taste Disorders/virology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041550-3
ISSN	1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
ISSN	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-021-06294-2
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Article ; Online: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in 2019 novel Coronavirus

Marzieh Esmaeili / Fatemeh Abdi / Gita Shafiee / Hamid Asayesh / Zahra Esmaeili Abdar / Fereshteh Baygi / Mostafa Qorbani

International Journal of Preventive Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 170-

An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 Volume 170

Abstract: ... pool all available evidence on the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Methods ... is prevalent among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, olfactory and gustatory dysfunction seems to be part ... primary symptom of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). This study aimed to systematically review and ...

Abstract	Background: Evidence showed that partial or complete loss of smell and taste might be a possible primary symptom of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). This study aimed to systematically review and pool all available evidence on the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Methods: In this systematic review, a comprehensive search was carried out systematically through e-databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS); that was limited to English-language studies published from 2019 up to 6th May 2020. Afterward, all studies reported the taste and smell dysfunction in the COVID-19 patients were included. The quality of the studies was assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The pooled prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was estimated using the random effects meta-analysis method. Results: Among 28 eligible included studies in this systematic review, finally, 22 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. According to the random effect meta-analysis, the global pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of any olfactory dysfunction, anosmia, and hyposmia was 55% (40%-70%), 40% (22%-57%), and 40% (20%-61%) respectively. The pooled estimated prevalence of any gustatory dysfunction, ageusia, and dysgeusia was 41% (23%-59%), 31% (3%-59%), and 34% (19%-48%) respectively. Conclusions: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction is prevalent among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, olfactory and gustatory dysfunction seems to be part of important symptoms and notify for the diagnosis of COVID-19, especially in the early phase of the infection.
Keywords	ageusia ; anosmia ; covid-19 ; sensation disorder ; taste ; and smell impairment ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Self-Reported Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in Hospitalized Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant.

Du, Weijia / Dang, Yan / Xu, Zhuo / Chen, Fuquan

Ear, nose, & throat journal

2022 , Page(s) 1455613221116985

Abstract: ... among hospitalized patients with a novel strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2 ... to all infected patients, including questions about the presence and absence of OGDs.: Results: Among the 370 ... with coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines against moderate and severe delta variant infections. ...

Abstract	Objective: This study aimed to examine the olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions (OGDs) among hospitalized patients with a novel strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), lineage B.1.617.2, also known as the delta variant, in Xi'an, China through verbal interviews. Methods: Clinical information of 370 hospitalized patients infected with the delta variant in the Aerospace City Branch of Xi'an People's Hospital in Xi'an, China from December 27, 2021 to January 10, 2022 were collected. The prevalence and characteristics of OGDs were collected using a simple questionnaire submitted to all infected patients, including questions about the presence and absence of OGDs. Results: Among the 370 patients infected with the delta variant, 28 (7.6%) reported OGDs. A significant proportion of patients with self-reported OGDs were younger than those without (28.9 ± 10.5 vs. 35.3 ± 13.9, Conclusions: The prevalence of OGDs in the delta variant infection was lower than that in wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection. Meanwhile, young age, female sex, and upper respiratory tract symptoms could be closely related to the occurrence of OGDs in the delta variant infection. In addition, a satisfactory level of efficacy was obtained with coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines against moderate and severe delta variant infections.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	750153-5
ISSN	1942-7522 ; 0145-5613
ISSN (online)	1942-7522
ISSN	0145-5613
DOI	10.1177/01455613221116985
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Article: Time scale for resolution of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19

Speth, M M / Singer-Cornelius, T / Oberle, M / Gengler, I / Brockmeier, S J / Sedaghat, A R

Rhinology

Abstract: By now, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is widely ... presentations (2-4). Notably, olfactory dysfunction (OD) "decreased sense of smell" has been reported to occur ... recognized around the world as a pandemic that has infected millions and claimed the lives of hundreds ...

Abstract	By now, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is widely recognized around the world as a pandemic that has infected millions and claimed the lives of hundreds of thousands (1). Despite months of mitigation strategies, COVID-19 continues to spread and ascertainment of new knowledge about the disease process continues to be a priority of the medical community. Originally described by characteristic symptoms of fever, cough and/or shortness of breath that can rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, it has become clear that COVID-19 has manifold clinical presentations (2-4). Notably, olfactory dysfunction (OD) "decreased sense of smell" has been reported to occur in up to 85.6% of COVID-19 patients (2,5).
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #597370
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Olfactory Dysfunction and Sinonasal Symptomatology in COVID-19

Speth, Marlene M. / Singer-Cornelius, Thirza / Oberle, Michael / Gengler, Isabelle / Brockmeier, Steffi J. / Sedaghat, Ahmad R.

Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery

Prevalence, Severity, Timing, and Associated Characteristics

2020 Volume 163, Issue 1, Page(s) 114–120

Abstract: Objective Olfactory dysfunction (OD)—hyposmia or anosmia—is a symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 ... COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 ... Subjects In total, 103 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with reverse transcription polymerase chain ...

Abstract	Objective Olfactory dysfunction (OD)—hyposmia or anosmia—is a symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We sought to better determine prevalence, severity, and timing of OD in COVID-19 relative to other sinonasal and pulmonary symptoms. Study Design Prospective, cross-sectional. Setting Regional/cantonal hospital. Subjects In total, 103 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–based testing. Methods All patients testing positive for COVID-19 at Kantonsspital Aarau over a 6-week period were approached. Timing and severity (at its worst, on scale of 0 [none], 1 [mild], 2 [moderate], and 3 [severe]) of OD, loss of taste, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea/mucus production, fever, cough and shortness of breath (SOB) were assessed for each patient. Results Prevalence of OD was 61.2%, and severity of OD was strongly correlated with severity of loss of taste experienced (ρ = 0.87, P < .001). OD was experienced on the first day of COVID-19 by 8.7% and overall occurred at median infection day 3 (mean, 3.4; range, 0-12). Most experiencing OD reported anosmia, and mean severity of all with OD was moderate to severe (mean [SD], 2.7 [0.6]). Nasal obstruction (49.5%) and rhinorrhea (35.0%) were frequently reported but not correlated with OD. SOB was more severe in patients with OD. OD was associated negatively with older age (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; P = .007) and positively with female sex (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 0.98-6.19; P = .056). Conclusions OD is highly prevalent during COVID-19, occurring early and severely, often in conjunction with loss of taste. OD is associated negatively with older age and positively with female sex. Patients with OD may also experience more severe SOB.
Keywords	Surgery ; Otorhinolaryngology ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	SAGE Publications
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	392085-9
ISSN	1097-6817 ; 0161-6439 ; 0194-5998
ISSN (online)	1097-6817
ISSN	0161-6439 ; 0194-5998
DOI	10.1177/0194599820929185
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in 2019 Novel Coronavirus: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Esmaeili, Marzieh / Abdi, Fatemeh / Shafiee, Gita / Asayesh, Hamid / Abdar, Zahra Esmaeili / Baygi, Fereshteh / Qorbani, Mostafa

International journal of preventive medicine

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 170

Abstract: ... pool all available evidence on the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.: Methods ... among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, olfactory and gustatory dysfunction seems to be part of important symptoms ... primary symptom of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). This study aimed to systematically review and ...

Abstract	Background: Evidence showed that partial or complete loss of smell and taste might be a possible primary symptom of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). This study aimed to systematically review and pool all available evidence on the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Methods: In this systematic review, a comprehensive search was carried out systematically through e-databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS); that was limited to English-language studies published from 2019 up to 6 Results: Among 28 eligible included studies in this systematic review, finally, 22 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. According to the random effect meta-analysis, the global pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of any olfactory dysfunction, anosmia, and hyposmia was 55% (40%-70%), 40% (22%-57%), and 40% (20%-61%) respectively. The pooled estimated prevalence of any gustatory dysfunction, ageusia, and dysgeusia was 41% (23%-59%), 31% (3%-59%), and 34% (19%-48%) respectively. Conclusions: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction is prevalent among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, olfactory and gustatory dysfunction seems to be part of important symptoms and notify for the diagnosis of COVID-19, especially in the early phase of the infection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-14
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2574680-7
ISSN	2008-8213 ; 2008-7802
ISSN (online)	2008-8213
ISSN	2008-7802
DOI	10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_484_20
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Article: Proteomics Insights Into the Molecular Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: What We Can Learn From the Human Olfactory Axis.

Lachén-Montes, Mercedes / Corrales, Fernando J / Fernández-Irigoyen, Joaquín / Santamaría, Enrique

Frontiers in microbiology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 2101

Abstract: ... novel insights into the olfactory dysfunction triggered by SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. ... methods for coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since the nasal cavity is one of the entry ... that induce an imbalance in the metabolic and proteostatic homeostasis in infected cells. Recently, proteomic ...

Abstract	Like other RNA viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replicates in host cells, continuously modulating the molecular environment. It encodes 28 multifunctional proteins that induce an imbalance in the metabolic and proteostatic homeostasis in infected cells. Recently, proteomic approaches have allowed the evaluation of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human cells. Here, we discuss the current use of proteomics in three major application areas: (i) virus-protein interactomics, (ii) differential proteotyping to map the virus-induced changes in different cell types, and (iii) diagnostic methods for coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since the nasal cavity is one of the entry sites for SARS-CoV-2, we will also discuss the potential application of olfactory proteomics to provide novel insights into the olfactory dysfunction triggered by SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2020.02101
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