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  1. Article ; Online: Acute RNA Viral Encephalomyelitis and the Role of Antibodies in the Central Nervous System.

    Bartlett, Maggie L / Griffin, Diane E

    Viruses

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 9

    Abstract: Acute RNA viral encephalomyelitis is a serious complication of numerous virus infections ... to resolution of infection. Here, we review the RNA viruses known to cause acute viral encephalomyelitis ... evidence of antibody secreting cells (ASCs) entering the central nervous system (CNS) and contributing ...

    Abstract Acute RNA viral encephalomyelitis is a serious complication of numerous virus infections. Antibodies in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) are correlated to better outcomes, and there is substantive evidence of antibody secreting cells (ASCs) entering the central nervous system (CNS) and contributing to resolution of infection. Here, we review the RNA viruses known to cause acute viral encephalomyelitis with mechanisms of control that require antibody or ASCs. We compile the cytokines, chemokines, and surface receptors associated with ASC recruitment to the CNS after infection and compare known antibody-mediated mechanisms as well as potential noncytolytic mechanisms for virus control. These non-canonical functions of antibodies may be employed in the CNS to protect precious non-renewable neurons. Understanding the immune-specialized zone of the CNS is essential for the development of effective treatments for acute encephalomyelitis caused by RNA viruses.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Central Nervous System/immunology ; Central Nervous System/virology ; Encephalomyelitis/immunology ; Encephalomyelitis/virology ; Humans ; RNA Virus Infections/immunology ; RNA Viruses/genetics ; RNA Viruses/immunology ; RNA Viruses/physiology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v12090988
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Acute RNA Viral Encephalomyelitis and the Role of Antibodies in the Central Nervous System

    Bartlett, Maggie L / Griffin, Diane E

    Viruses. 2020 Sept. 05, v. 12, no. 9

    2020  

    Abstract: Acute RNA viral encephalomyelitis is a serious complication of numerous virus infections ... to resolution of infection. Here, we review the RNA viruses known to cause acute viral encephalomyelitis ... evidence of antibody secreting cells (ASCs) entering the central nervous system (CNS) and contributing ...

    Abstract Acute RNA viral encephalomyelitis is a serious complication of numerous virus infections. Antibodies in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) are correlated to better outcomes, and there is substantive evidence of antibody secreting cells (ASCs) entering the central nervous system (CNS) and contributing to resolution of infection. Here, we review the RNA viruses known to cause acute viral encephalomyelitis with mechanisms of control that require antibody or ASCs. We compile the cytokines, chemokines, and surface receptors associated with ASC recruitment to the CNS after infection and compare known antibody-mediated mechanisms as well as potential noncytolytic mechanisms for virus control. These non-canonical functions of antibodies may be employed in the CNS to protect precious non-renewable neurons. Understanding the immune-specialized zone of the CNS is essential for the development of effective treatments for acute encephalomyelitis caused by RNA viruses.
    Keywords RNA ; RNA viruses ; antibodies ; central nervous system ; chemokines ; neurons ; receptors ; viral encephalitis ; viruses
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0905
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v12090988
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Persistence of viral RNA in mouse brains after recovery from acute alphavirus encephalitis.

    Levine, B / Griffin, D E

    Journal of virology

    1992  Volume 66, Issue 11, Page(s) 6429–6435

    Abstract: ... the clearance of viral genetic material from the central nervous system. In a mouse model of Sindbis virus ... Little is known about the relationship between recovery from acute viral encephalitis and ... in brain samples from immunocompetent BALB/c and antibody-treated immunodeficient scid/CB17 mice. RNA ...

    Abstract Little is known about the relationship between recovery from acute viral encephalitis and the clearance of viral genetic material from the central nervous system. In a mouse model of Sindbis virus encephalitis, we have previously shown that clearance of infectious virus is mediated by antibody-induced restriction of viral gene expression rather than by cytotoxic destruction of virally infected cells. To explore whether Sindbis virus genomes persist in mouse brain after the clearance of infectious virus, we used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction amplification methods to detect Sindbis virus RNA in brain samples from immunocompetent BALB/c and antibody-treated immunodeficient scid/CB17 mice. RNA sequences from both the nonstructural region (NSP1 gene) and structural regions (E2 gene) of Sindbis virus were detected in the brains of all BALB/c and antibody-treated scid mice examined at 1, 2, and 3 months after infection. Additional BALB/c mouse brains were also positive at 8, 12, and 17 months after infection. To determine whether persistent RNA was capable of resuming unrestricted replication in the absence of the continuous presence of antiviral antibodies, viral titers were measured in the brains of scid mice at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after antibody treatment. Viral reactivation was seen in scid mice treated with hyperimmune serum or a low dose of monoclonal antibody to the E2 envelope glycoprotein, but not in mice treated with a high dose of monoclonal antibody to E2. Replication of infectious virus isolated from scid mouse brain could be restricted by repeat treatment with immune serum, indicating that viral reactivation is not due to antibody-escape mutations. These results demonstrate that Sindbis virus can persist long term in a nonproductive form in mouse brain and suggest that the humoral immune response plays an important role in preventing viral reactivation.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Viral/pharmacology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Brain/microbiology ; Brain/pathology ; Chronic Disease ; Convalescence ; Disease Models, Animal ; Encephalitis/microbiology ; Encephalitis/pathology ; Epitopes ; Female ; Genes, Viral/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, SCID ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral/isolation & purification ; Sindbis Virus/genetics ; Sindbis Virus/isolation & purification ; Togaviridae Infections/microbiology ; Virus Replication/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antigens, Viral ; Epitopes ; RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 1992-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 80174-4
    ISSN 1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
    ISSN (online) 1098-5514
    ISSN 0022-538X
    DOI 10.1128/JVI.66.11.6429-6435.1992
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 609: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Article: Kinetics of cytokine mRNA expression in the central nervous system following lethal and nonlethal coronavirus-induced acute encephalomyelitis.

    Parra, B / Hinton, D R / Lin, M T / Cua, D J / Stohlman, S A

    Virology

    1997  Volume 233, Issue 2, Page(s) 260–270

    Abstract: ... to a persistent infection. Accumulation of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the central nervous system of JHMV ... viral infection in the central nervous system was examined by determining the kinetics of cytokine mRNA expression following infection ... The potential role(s) of cytokines in the reduction of infectious virus and persistent ...

    Abstract The potential role(s) of cytokines in the reduction of infectious virus and persistent viral infection in the central nervous system was examined by determining the kinetics of cytokine mRNA expression following infection with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus. Mice were infected with an antibody escape variant which produces a nonlethal encephalomyelitis and compared to a clonal virus population which produces a fulminant fatal encephalomyelitis. Infection with both viruses induced the accumulation of mRNAs associated with Th1- and Th2-type cytokines, including IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10. Peak mRNA accumulations were coincident with the clearance of virus and there was no obvious differences between lethally and nonlethally infected mice. TNF-alpha mRNA was induced more rapidly in lethally infected mice compared to mice undergoing a nonfatal encephalomyelitis. Rapid transient increases in the mRNAs encoding IL-12, iNOS, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 occurred following infection. Nonlethal infections were associated with increased IL-12, IL-1beta, and earlier expression of IL-6, while lethal infections were associated with increased iNOS and IL-1alpha mRNA. These data suggest a rapid but differential response within the central nervous system cells to infection by different JHMV variants. However, neither the accumulation nor kinetics of induction provide evidence to distinguish lethal infections from nonlethal infections leading to a persistent infection. Accumulation of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the central nervous system of JHMV-infected mice is consistent with the participation of both cytokines and cell immune effectors during resolution of acute viral-induced encephalomyelitis.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Cytokines/genetics ; Encephalomyelitis/immunology ; Encephalomyelitis/virology ; Gene Expression ; Inflammation ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Murine hepatitis virus/immunology ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Th2 Cells/immunology
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; RNA, Messenger
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 1997-07-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 200425-2
    ISSN 1096-0341 ; 0042-6822
    ISSN (online) 1096-0341
    ISSN 0042-6822
    DOI 10.1006/viro.1997.8613
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ud II Zs.172: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
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