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  1. Article: Climate variability and migration in the Philippines.

    Bohra-Mishra, Pratikshya / Oppenheimer, Michael / Cai, Ruohong / Feng, Shuaizhang / Licker, Rachel

    Population and environment

    2016  Volume 38, Issue 3, Page(s) 286–308

    Abstract: This study investigates the effects of climatic variations and extremes captured by variability ... within the Philippines using panel data. Our results indicate that a rise in temperature and to some extent increased ... in temperature, precipitation, and incidents of typhoons on aggregate inter-provincial migration ...

    Abstract This study investigates the effects of climatic variations and extremes captured by variability in temperature, precipitation, and incidents of typhoons on aggregate inter-provincial migration within the Philippines using panel data. Our results indicate that a rise in temperature and to some extent increased typhoon activity increase outmigration, while precipitation does not have a consistent, significant effect. We also find that temperature and typhoons have significant negative effects on rice yields, a proxy for agricultural productivity, and generate more outmigration from provinces that are more agriculturally dependent and have a larger share of rural population. Finally, migration decisions of males, younger individuals, and those with higher levels of education are more sensitive to rising temperature and typhoons. We conclude that temperature increase and to some extent typhoon activities promote migration, potentially through their negative effect on crop yields. The migration responses of males, more educated, and younger individuals are more sensitive to these climatic impacts.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2018639-3
    ISSN 1573-7810 ; 0199-0039
    ISSN (online) 1573-7810
    ISSN 0199-0039
    DOI 10.1007/s11111-016-0263-x
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  2. Book ; Online: Impact of climate variability on internal migration in the Philippines during 2005 – 2010

    Weinreb, Alex / Stecklov, Guy / Arslan, Aslihan / Molina, Luis / Grosjean, Godefroy

    2021  

    Abstract: ... This report contributes to the discourse on climate change and internal migration linkages in the Philippines ... to date. Given the highly dynamic nature of climate-migration nexus, as well as the structural and rural ... to assess more recent relationships between climate change and migration than found in the robust literature ...

    Abstract Climate-migration nexus has been attracting increasing scholarly attention in the last decades. The various manifestations of climate change including extreme events that are expected to get more frequent and more intense, and slow-onset changes that increasingly affect livelihoods in a context of international climate coordination failure add fuel to the fire. Countries in South-East Asia are among the most vulnerable to climate change, and future climate scenarios predict increases in multiple indicators, including temperatures (average, minimum and maximum), annual precipitation, number of consecutive too wet and dry days, among others. Understanding how these changes may shape human mobility is key to effective policy design to protect livelihoods and establish migration as a choice rather than necessity. This report contributes to the discourse on climate change and internal migration linkages in the Philippines in three important ways. First, we use data from the latest census available (10% sample from 2010 census) to assess more recent relationships between climate change and migration than found in the robust literature to date. Given the highly dynamic nature of climate-migration nexus, as well as the structural and rural transformation in the country shaping migration, more up to date understanding of these linkages is crucial. Second, we use a large set of climate change indicators selected by a climate variability expert team and capture both extreme and slow-onset events at high spatial and temporal resolution. Third, by conducting analyses at different levels (municipality, migration streams and individual) and applying a livelihoods adaptation framework (controlling for a large set of migration drivers in addition to the climate variables) we identify linkages that can be used as policy entry points at different levels.
    Keywords climate change ; livelihoods ; migration ; cambio climático ; medios de vida ; migración
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-04T09:25:39Z
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Book ; Online
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  3. Article ; Online: Climate change and anthropogenic food manipulation interact in shifting the distribution of a large herbivore at its altitudinal range limit.

    Bright Ross, Julius G / Peters, Wibke / Ossi, Federico / Moorcroft, Paul R / Cordano, Emanuele / Eccel, Emanuele / Bianchini, Filippo / Ramanzin, Maurizio / Cagnacci, Francesca

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 7600

    Abstract: ... during December, January, and April, this trend has reduced inter-annual variability in space use ... patterns in these months. These spatial responses to climate- and artificial resource-provisioning shifts ... how current climate change and other anthropogenic modifications of resource availability affect ...

    Abstract Ungulates in alpine ecosystems are constrained by winter harshness through resource limitation and direct mortality from weather extremes. However, little empirical evidence has definitively established how current climate change and other anthropogenic modifications of resource availability affect ungulate winter distribution, especially at their range limits. Here, we used a combination of historical (1997-2002) and contemporary (2012-2015) Eurasian roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) relocation datasets that span changes in snowpack characteristics and two levels of supplemental feeding to compare and forecast probability of space use at the species' altitudinal range limit. Scarcer snow cover in the contemporary period interacted with the augmented feeding site distribution to increase the elevation of winter range limits, and we predict this trend will continue under climate change. Moreover, roe deer have shifted from historically using feeding sites primarily under deep snow conditions to contemporarily using them under a wider range of snow conditions as their availability has increased. Combined with scarcer snow cover during December, January, and April, this trend has reduced inter-annual variability in space use patterns in these months. These spatial responses to climate- and artificial resource-provisioning shifts evidence the importance of these changing factors in shaping large herbivore spatial distribution and, consequently, ecosystem dynamics.
    MeSH term(s) Animal Migration/physiology ; Animals ; Climate Change ; Deer/physiology ; Deer/psychology ; Demography/trends ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Feeding Behavior/psychology ; Food ; Herbivory/physiology ; Seasons ; Snow ; Tundra ; Weather
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-86720-2
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  4. Article: Novel genome reveals susceptibility of popular gamebird, the red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa, Phasianidae), to climate change

    Chattopadhyay, Balaji / Forcina, Giovanni / Garg, Kritika M. / Irestedt, Martin / Guerrini, Monica / Barbanera, Filippo / Rheindt, Frank E.

    Genomics. 2021 Sept., v. 113, no. 5

    2021  

    Abstract: ... emerged as unique to Alectoris and were enriched for positive regulation of epithelial cell migration ... In total, 21,589 protein coding genes were identified and assigned to 16,772 orthologs. Of these, 201 ... viral genome integration and maturation. Using PSMC analysis, we inferred a major demographic decline ...

    Abstract We produced a high-quality de novo genome assembly of the red-legged partridge A. rufa, the first reference genome of its genus, by utilising novel 10× Chromium technology. The estimated genome size was 1.19 Gb with an overall genome heterozygosity of 0.0022; no runs of homozygosity were observed. In total, 21,589 protein coding genes were identified and assigned to 16,772 orthologs. Of these, 201 emerged as unique to Alectoris and were enriched for positive regulation of epithelial cell migration, viral genome integration and maturation. Using PSMC analysis, we inferred a major demographic decline commencing ~140,000 years ago, consistent with forest expansion and reduction of open habitats during the Eemian interglacial. Present-day populations exhibit the historically lowest genetic diversity. Besides implications for management and conservation, this genome also promises key insights into the physiology of these birds with a view to improving poultry husbandry practices.
    Keywords Alectoris rufa ; cell movement ; chromium ; climate change ; demography ; epithelial cells ; forests ; game birds ; genetic variation ; genome assembly ; genomics ; heterozygosity ; homozygosity ; partridges ; physiology ; poultry ; viral genome
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-09
    Size p. 3430-3438.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 356334-0
    ISSN 1089-8646 ; 0888-7543
    ISSN (online) 1089-8646
    ISSN 0888-7543
    DOI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.08.010
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article: Functional traits and adaptive capacity of European forests to climate change

    Bussotti, Filippo / Martina Pollastrini / Vera Holland / Wolfgang Brüggemann

    Environmental and experimental botany. 2015 Mar., v. 111

    2015  

    Abstract: ... effects). Natural migration and species substitution can be hampered by co-factors of climate ... The intraspecific (genetic and phenotypic) variability at a given site has been proven to be often higher ... among populations; (iii) migration and substitution of species; and (iv) extinction of populations with low ...

    Abstract Increasing temperatures and drought risks through climate change are expected to have several consequences for European forests. Adaptive strategies may include: (i) persistence of the current forest types, thanks to the acclimatization to local conditions and to phenotypic plasticity of the populations; (ii) evolution, or local adaptation, i.e., change in genotype (frequencies) within the same species due to environmental pressure. It is favored by large within population diversity and (when possible) gene flow among populations; (iii) migration and substitution of species; and (iv) extinction of populations with low ecological plasticity, especially at the edges of their distribution or in the case of isolated (relict) populations. Because of the economic and ecological relevance of forests, it is of fundamental importance to apply appropriate forest management to make forests able to cope with the new environmental conditions. This may include changes in the composition and structure of forest stands, selection of adapted provenances of the most important European tree species or, if this is regarded as insufficient, assisted migration (i.e., the use of species suitable for the future climatic conditions) and, alternatively, substitution of native with non native species. The intraspecific (genetic and phenotypic) variability at a given site has been proven to be often higher than the variability among sites. Species with a large distribution range are supposed to have a wide variety of genotypes, allowing them to be adapted to different environmental conditions. Genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity are the key factors for the identification of useful tree genotypes for future forestation programs. Adaptation to drought, i.e., the probably most important future abiotic risk factor for forestry, can be reflected in variation of key functional traits (FT), at morphological, physiological and phenological level. FT utilized to screen for adapted genotypes in common gardens and provenance trials include growth, survival, leaf flushing and senescence, foliar features as leaf mass per area and nitrogen content, water use efficiency (e.g., estimated by analysis of the stable carbon isotopes, δ13C) chlorophyll content, photosystem II functioning, and photosynthetic capacity under water shortage. Current modeled simulation of future forest distribution suggests the expansion of forests at the highest latitudes and altitudes, alongside with a reduction in the hottest and driest Mediterranean regions of South Europe. The general expectations, however, may be disproved especially at a regional level, by factors unexpected or not well known, such as possible extreme climatic events and increased roles of parasites/diseases (with negative effects), or high capacity of forest persistence or adaptation (with positive effects). Natural migration and species substitution can be hampered by co-factors of climate change, such as forest fragmentation and increased frequency and intensity of forest fires.
    Keywords acclimation ; adverse effects ; altitude ; chlorophyll ; climate change ; climatic factors ; drought ; extinction ; forest fires ; forest management ; forest stands ; forest types ; gene flow ; genetic variation ; genotype ; habitat fragmentation ; indigenous species ; latitude ; leaves ; nitrogen content ; parasites ; phenology ; phenotype ; phenotypic plasticity ; photosystem II ; provenance ; risk factors ; stable isotopes ; temperature ; trees ; water shortages ; water use efficiency ; Europe
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-03
    Size p. 91-113.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 195968-2
    ISSN 0098-8472
    ISSN 0098-8472
    DOI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.11.006
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 1950: Show issues

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  6. Article: Projected changes of summer monsoon extremes and hydroclimatic regimes over West Africa for the twenty-first century

    Diallo, Ismaïla / Abdoulaye Deme / Amadou T. Gaye / Filippo Giorgi / Laura Mariotti / Moustapha Tall

    Climate dynamics. 2016 Dec., v. 47, no. 12

    2016  

    Abstract: ... characteristics in terms of seasonal mean, seasonal cycle, interannual variability and extreme events of rainfall ... hPa) combined to both a southward migration of the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and a weakening ... RegCM4 was driven for the period 1970–2100 by the HadGEM2-ES and the MPI-ESM Global Climate Models ...

    Abstract We use two CORDEX-Africa simulations performed with the regional model RegCM4 to characterize the projected changes in extremes and hydroclimatic regimes associated with the West African Monsoon (WAM). RegCM4 was driven for the period 1970–2100 by the HadGEM2-ES and the MPI-ESM Global Climate Models (GCMs) under the RCP8.5 greenhouse gas concentration pathway. RegCM4 accurately simulates the WAM characteristics in terms of seasonal mean, seasonal cycle, interannual variability and extreme events of rainfall. Overall, both RegCM4 experiments are able to reproduce the large-scale atmospheric circulation for the reference period (i.e. present-day), and in fact show improved performance compared to the driving GCMs in terms of precipitation mean climatology and extreme events, although different shortcomings in the various models are still evident. Precipitation is projected to decrease (increase) over western (eastern) Sahel, although with different spatial detail between RegCM4 and the corresponding driving GCMs. Changes in extreme precipitation events show patterns in line with those of the mean change. The models project different changes in water budget over the Sahel region, where the MPI projects an increased deficit in local moisture supply (E < P) whereas the rest of models project a local surplus (E > P). The E–P change is primarily precipitation driven. The precipitation increases over the eastern and/or central Sahel are attributed to the increase of moisture convergence due to increased water vapor in the boundary layer air column and surface evaporation. On the other hand, the projected dry conditions over the western Sahel are associated with the strengthening of moisture divergence in the upper level (850–300 hPa) combined to both a southward migration of the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and a weakening of rising motion between the core of the AEJ and the Tropical Easterly Jet.
    Keywords atmospheric circulation ; climate models ; climatology ; evaporation ; greenhouse gases ; monsoon season ; rain ; Sahel ; seasonal variation ; summer ; water balance ; water vapor ; Western Africa
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-12
    Size p. 3931-3954.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1471747-5
    ISSN 1432-0894 ; 0930-7575
    ISSN (online) 1432-0894
    ISSN 0930-7575
    DOI 10.1007/s00382-016-3052-4
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  7. Article: Coastal communities and mangrove forest in the face of a changing climate: the case of Bacacay, Albay, Philippines

    Cantre, C.G., Philippines Univ. Los Baños, College, Laguna (Philippines). School of Environmental Science and Management / Pulhin, J.M. / Peras, R.J.J. / Tapia, M., Philippines Univ. Los Baños, College, Laguna (Philippines) Dept. of Social Forestry and Forest Governance

    Abstract: ... seriously endangers human lives, properties, livelihoods and ecosystems in these places. These climate ... to maintain climate change adaptation in barangay[village] and municipal development planning and enhance ... the importance of integrating science with local knowledge to promote more robust climate change assessment and ...

    Abstract Low-lying coastal areas in many parts of the Philippines are among the most vulnerable considering their exposure to frequent tropical cyclones which are anticipated to become stronger as a result of climate change. Sea-level rise also poses significant threat, which although occurring at a slower rate, seriously endangers human lives, properties, livelihoods and ecosystems in these places. These climate-related hazards are likely to take place even with the immediate stabilization of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere (IPCC, 2007). This paper examines the socio economic impacts of tropical cyclones and sea level rise to water resources, food supply, human health, and settlement in selected coastal communities of the municipality of Bacacay, Albay in the Philippines. Likewise, the biogeophysical impacts such as storm surge, flood, mundation, saltwater intrusion, and erosion are looked into. The 1.3 meter sea-level rise scenario was used to project climate change impacts for 2100. This scenario was generated from an ensemble of various GCMs in the SIMCLIM modeling system with AIFI as the chosen storyline. Since the study communities are located within a mangrove forests, the paper also investigates the impacts of sea-level rise to this ecosystem. As mangrove forests suffer degradation from conversion into aquaculture and settlement areas, sea-level rise is likely to exacerbate the risks of losing this essential forest. Loss will inevitably be experienced if no vertical accretion or inland migration would take place. The paper recommends the need to maintain climate change adaptation in barangay[village] and municipal development planning and enhance the capacity of local stakeholders to effectively implement local adaptation plans. It also highlights the importance of integrating science with local knowledge to promote more robust climate change assessment and hence the need to strengthen the linkage between the academe and local government units to effectively tackle climate change challenges at the local level.
    Keywords COASTS ; MANGROVES ; CLIMATIC CHANGE ; CYCLONES ; SEA LEVEL ; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ; PHILIPPINES ; COTES ; PALETUVIER ; CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE ; CYCLONE ; NIVEAU DE LA MER ; IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT ; PHILIPPINES ; COSTA ; MANGLES ; CAMBIO CLIMATICO ; CICLONES ; NIVEL DEL MAR ; IMPACTO AMBIENTAL ; FILIPINAS ; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_1700 ; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_16190 ; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_1666 ; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_2057 ; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_34115 ; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_24420 ; http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_5783
    Language English
    Document type Article
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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