Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2: Olfaction, Brain Infection, and the Urgent Need for Clinical Samples Allowing Earlier Virus Detection.
ACS chemical neuroscience
2020 Volume 11, Issue 9, Page(s) 1200–1203
Abstract: ... appropriate tissue for detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus at the earliest stages, prior to onset of symptoms or ... The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has very high infectivity, which allows it to spread rapidly ... TMPRSS2 proteases, that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 binding, replication, and accumulation. This may be ...
| Abstract | The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has very high infectivity, which allows it to spread rapidly around the world. Attempts at slowing the pandemic at this stage depend on the number and quality of diagnostic tests performed. We propose that the olfactory epithelium from the nasal cavity may be a more appropriate tissue for detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus at the earliest stages, prior to onset of symptoms or even in asymptomatic people, as compared to commonly used sputum or nasopharyngeal swabs. Here we emphasize that the nasal cavity olfactory epithelium is the likely site of enhanced binding of SARS-CoV-2. Multiple non-neuronal cell types present in the olfactory epithelium express two host receptors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteases, that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 binding, replication, and accumulation. This may be the underlying mechanism for the recently reported cases of smell dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, the possibility of subsequent brain infection should be considered which begins in olfactory neurons. In addition, we discuss the possibility that olfactory receptor neurons may initiate rapid immune responses at early stages of the disease. We emphasize the need to undertake research focused on additional aspects of SARS-CoV-2 actions in the nervous system, especially in the olfactory pathway. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Animals ; Betacoronavirus/growth & development ; Betacoronavirus/immunology ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; Brain/immunology ; Brain/physiopathology ; Brain/virology ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/physiopathology ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Mass Screening/methods ; Mass Screening/standards ; Mice ; Olfactory Mucosa/cytology ; Olfactory Mucosa/immunology ; Olfactory Mucosa/metabolism ; Olfactory Mucosa/virology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/immunology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/metabolism ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/virology ; Pandemics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral/physiopathology ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism ; Respiratory Mucosa/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Smell ; Virus Replication |
| Chemical Substances | Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Ace2 protein, mouse (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; TMPRSS2 protein, human (EC 3.4.21.-) |
| Keywords | covid19 |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2020-04-13 |
| Publishing country | United States |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| ISSN | 1948-7193 |
| ISSN (online) | 1948-7193 |
| DOI | 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00172 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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