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  1. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 cellular tropism.

    Cagno, Valeria

    The Lancet. Microbe

    2020  Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) e2–e3

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans ; Kinetics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Tropism
    Chemical Substances Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ISSN 2666-5247
    ISSN (online) 2666-5247
    DOI 10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30008-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of cell tropism in various organs considering host factors.

    Behboudi, Emad / Nooreddin Faraji, Seyed / Daryabor, Gholamreza / Mohammad Ali Hashemi, Seyed / Asadi, Maryam / Edalat, Fahime / Javad Raee, Mohammad / Hatam, Gholamreza

    Heliyon

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) e26577

    Abstract: ... comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, exploring host cell tropism and interaction ... critical roles in virus entry and subsequent pathogenesis. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 displays tropism ... A critical step in the drug design for SARS-CoV-2 is to discover its molecular targets. This study ...

    Abstract A critical step in the drug design for SARS-CoV-2 is to discover its molecular targets. This study comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, exploring host cell tropism and interaction targets crucial for cell entry. The findings revealed that beyond ACE2 as the primary entry receptor, alternative receptors, co-receptors, and several proteases such as TMPRSS2, Furin, Cathepsin L, and ADAM play critical roles in virus entry and subsequent pathogenesis. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 displays tropism in various human organs due to its diverse receptors. This review delves into the intricate details of receptors, host proteases, and the involvement of each organ. Polymorphisms in the ACE2 receptor and mutations in the spike or its RBD region contribute to the emergence of variants like Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, impacting the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. The challenge posed by mutations raises questions about the effectiveness of existing vaccines and drugs, necessitating consideration for updates in their formulations. In the urgency of these critical situations, repurposed drugs such as Camostat Mesylate and Nafamostat Mesylate emerge as viable pharmaceutical options. Numerous drugs are involved in inhibiting receptors and host factors crucial for SARS-CoV-2 entry, with most discussed in this review. In conclusion, this study may provide valuable insights to inform decisions in therapeutic approaches.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26577
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  4. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 cellular tropism

    Cagno, Valeria

    The Lancet Microbe

    2020  Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) e2–e3

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 2666-5247
    DOI 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30008-2
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 cellular tropism

    Valeria Cagno

    The Lancet Microbe, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp e2-e

    2020  Volume 3

    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Microbiology ; QR1-502
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Cellular tropism and antigenicity of mink-derived SARS-CoV-2 variants.

    Zhang, Li / Li, Qianqian / Nie, Jianhui / Ding, Ruxia / Wang, Haixin / Wu, Jiajing / Li, Xuguang / Yang, Xiaoming / Huang, Weijin / Wang, Youchun

    Signal transduction and targeted therapy

    2021  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 196

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Mink ; Mutation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tropism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2886872-9
    ISSN 2059-3635 ; 2095-9907
    ISSN (online) 2059-3635
    ISSN 2095-9907
    DOI 10.1038/s41392-021-00617-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Multisystemic Cellular Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in Autopsies of COVID-19 Patients.

    Wong, Dickson W L / Klinkhammer, Barbara M / Djudjaj, Sonja / Villwock, Sophia / Timm, M Cherelle / Buhl, Eva M / Wucherpfennig, Sophie / Cacchi, Claudio / Braunschweig, Till / Knüchel-Clarke, Ruth / Jonigk, Danny / Werlein, Christopher / Bülow, Roman D / Dahl, Edgar / von Stillfried, Saskia / Boor, Peter

    Cells

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 8

    Abstract: Multiorgan tropism of SARS-CoV-2 has previously been shown for several major organs. We have ...

    Abstract Multiorgan tropism of SARS-CoV-2 has previously been shown for several major organs. We have comprehensively analyzed 25 different formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues/organs from autopsies of fatal COVID-19 cases (
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics ; Autopsy ; COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19/metabolism ; COVID-19/pathology ; COVID-19/virology ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/pathology ; Endothelial Cells/virology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organ Specificity ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Serine Endopeptidases/genetics ; Tropism
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; TMPRSS2 protein, human (EC 3.4.21.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells10081900
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: High SARS-CoV-2 tropism and activation of immune cells in the testes of non-vaccinated deceased COVID-19 patients.

    Costa, Guilherme M J / Lacerda, Samyra M S N / Figueiredo, André F A / Wnuk, Natália T / Brener, Marcos R G / Andrade, Lídia M / Campolina-Silva, Gabriel H / Kauffmann-Zeh, Andrea / Pacifico, Lucila G G / Versiani, Alice F / Antunes, Maísa M / Souza, Fernanda R / Cassali, Geovanni D / Caldeira-Brant, André L / Chiarini-Garcia, Hélio / de Souza, Fernanda G / Costa, Vivian V / da Fonseca, Flavio G / Nogueira, Maurício L /
    Campos, Guilherme R F / Kangussu, Lucas M / Martins, Estefânia M N / Antonio, Loudiana M / Bittar, Cintia / Rahal, Paula / Aguiar, Renato S / Mendes, Bárbara P / Procópio, Marcela S / Furtado, Thiago P / Guimaraes, Yuri L / Menezes, Gustavo B / Martinez-Marchal, Ana / Orwig, Kyle E / Brieño-Enríquez, Miguel / Furtado, Marcelo H

    BMC biology

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 36

    Abstract: Background: Cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to rely on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ... spermatogonial cells are the main SARS-CoV-2 lodging sites, where new virions form ... since the first cases of COVID-19, there remain unanswered questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 impact on testes and ...

    Abstract Background: Cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to rely on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, whose expression in the testis is among the highest in the body. Additionally, the risk of mortality seems higher among male COVID-19 patients, and though much has been published since the first cases of COVID-19, there remain unanswered questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 impact on testes and potential consequences for reproductive health. We investigated testicular alterations in non-vaccinated deceased COVID-19-patients, the precise location of the virus, its replicative activity, and the immune, vascular, and molecular fluctuations involved in the pathogenesis.
    Results: We found that SARS-CoV-2 testicular tropism is higher than previously thought and that reliable viral detection in the testis requires sensitive nanosensors or RT-qPCR using a specific methodology. Through an in vitro experiment exposing VERO cells to testicular macerates, we observed viral content in all samples, and the subgenomic RNA's presence reinforced the replicative activity of SARS-CoV-2 in testes of the severe COVID-19 patients. The cellular structures and viral particles, observed by transmission electron microscopy, indicated that macrophages and spermatogonial cells are the main SARS-CoV-2 lodging sites, where new virions form inside the endoplasmic reticulum Golgi intermediate complex. Moreover, we showed infiltrative infected monocytes migrating into the testicular parenchyma. SARS-CoV-2 maintains its replicative and infective abilities long after the patient's infection. Further, we demonstrated high levels of angiotensin II and activated immune cells in the testes of deceased patients. The infected testes show thickening of the tunica propria, germ cell apoptosis, Sertoli cell barrier loss, evident hemorrhage, angiogenesis, Leydig cell inhibition, inflammation, and fibrosis.
    Conclusions: Our findings indicate that high angiotensin II levels and activation of mast cells and macrophages may be critical for testicular pathogenesis. Importantly, our findings suggest that patients who become critically ill may exhibit severe alterations and harbor the active virus in the testes.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Angiotensin II/metabolism ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; COVID-19/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Testis/immunology ; Testis/virology ; Vero Cells ; Viral Tropism
    Chemical Substances Angiotensin II (11128-99-7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2133020-7
    ISSN 1741-7007 ; 1741-7007
    ISSN (online) 1741-7007
    ISSN 1741-7007
    DOI 10.1186/s12915-022-01497-8
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  9. Article ; Online: An approach to cellular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 through protein-protein interaction and enrichment analysis.

    Ortega-Bernal, Daniel / Zarate, Selene / Martinez-Cárdenas, Maria de Los Ángeles / Bojalil, Rafael

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 9399

    Abstract: ... we generate an approach to identify the cellular-level tropism of SARS-CoV-2 using human proteomics, virus ... COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a primarily pulmonary disease that can affect several organs ... visualized and analyzed. This procedure was also performed for SARS-CoV-1. We obtained proteomes and ...

    Abstract COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a primarily pulmonary disease that can affect several organs, directly or indirectly. To date, there are many questions about the different pathological mechanisms. Here, we generate an approach to identify the cellular-level tropism of SARS-CoV-2 using human proteomics, virus-host interactions, and enrichment analysis. Through a network-based approach, the molecular context was visualized and analyzed. This procedure was also performed for SARS-CoV-1. We obtained proteomes and interactomes from 145 different cells corresponding to 57 different tissues. We discarded the cells without the proteins known for interacting with the virus, such as ACE2 or TMPRSS2. Of the remaining cells, a gradient of susceptibility to infection was observed. In addition, we identified proteins associated with the coagulation cascade that can be directly or indirectly affected by viral proteins. As a whole we identified 55 cells that could be potentially controlled by the virus, with different susceptibilities, mainly being pneumocytes, heart, kidney, liver, or small intestine cells. These results help to explain the molecular context and provide elements for possible treatments in the current situation. This strategy may be useful for other viruses, especially those with limited reported PPI, such as a new virus.
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; COVID-19 ; Host Microbial Interactions ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tropism
    Chemical Substances Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-13625-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Differential Tropism of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in Bat Cells.

    Lau, Susanna K P / Wong, Antonio C P / Luk, Hayes K H / Li, Kenneth S M / Fung, Joshua / He, Zirong / Cheng, Flora K K / Chan, Tony T Y / Chu, Stella / Aw-Yong, Kam Leng / Lau, Terrence C K / Fung, Kitty S C / Woo, Patrick C Y

    Emerging infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 26, Issue 12, Page(s) 2961–2965

    Abstract: ... may contribute to the differential cellular tropism. ... Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 did not replicate efficiently in 13 bat cell lines ... whereas severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replicated efficiently in kidney cells of its ancestral host, the Rhinolophus sinicus ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 did not replicate efficiently in 13 bat cell lines, whereas severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replicated efficiently in kidney cells of its ancestral host, the Rhinolophus sinicus bat, suggesting different evolutionary origins. Structural modeling showed that RBD/RsACE2 binding may contribute to the differential cellular tropism.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19 ; Chiroptera/virology ; Humans ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/genetics ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/physiology ; Pandemics ; SARS Virus/genetics ; SARS Virus/physiology ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Viral Tropism/genetics ; Virus Replication
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1380686-5
    ISSN 1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
    ISSN (online) 1080-6059
    ISSN 1080-6040
    DOI 10.3201/eid2612.202308
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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