Article ; Online: Time Evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wastewater during the First Pandemic Wave of COVID-19 in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, Spain.
Applied and environmental microbiology
2021 Volume 87, Issue 7
Abstract: ... were employed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detection in 24-h ... The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 genome copies in wastewater evidenced the validity of water-based epidemiology (WBE ... which represents around 85% of the metropolitan area of Barcelona, were sampled before, during, and after ...
| Abstract | Two large wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), covering around 2.7 million inhabitants, which represents around 85% of the metropolitan area of Barcelona, were sampled before, during, and after the implementation of a complete lockdown. Five one-step reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays, targeting the polymerase (IP2 and IP4), the envelope (E), and the nucleoprotein (N1 and N2) genome regions, were employed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detection in 24-h composite wastewater samples concentrated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in a sewage sample collected 41 days ahead of the declaration of the first COVID-19 case. The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 genome copies in wastewater evidenced the validity of water-based epidemiology (WBE) to anticipate COVID-19 outbreaks, to evaluate the impact of control measures, and even to estimate the burden of shedders, including presymptomatic, asymptomatic, symptomatic, and undiagnosed cases. For the latter objective, a model was applied for the estimation of the total number of shedders, evidencing a high proportion of asymptomatic infected individuals. In this way, an infection prevalence of 2.0 to 6.5% was figured. On the other hand, proportions of around 0.12% and 0.09% of the total population were determined to be required for positive detection in the two WWTPs. At the end of the lockdown, SARS-CoV-2 RNA apparently disappeared in the WWTPs but could still be detected in grab samples from four urban sewers. Sewer monitoring allowed for location of specific hot spots of COVID-19, enabling the rapid adoption of appropriate mitigation measures. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Asymptomatic Infections/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/virology ; Cities ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Spain/epidemiology ; Virus Shedding ; Waste Disposal Facilities ; Wastewater/virology | |||||
| Chemical Substances | Waste Water | |||||
| Language | English | |||||
| Publishing date | 2021-03-11 | |||||
| Publishing country | United States | |||||
| Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | |||||
| ZDB-ID | 223011-2 | |||||
| ISSN | 1098-5336 ; 0099-2240 | |||||
| ISSN (online) | 1098-5336 | |||||
| ISSN | 0099-2240 | |||||
| DOI | 10.1128/AEM.02750-20 | |||||
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| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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