Article ; Online: Antiviral Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Bioactivity, Better Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Characteristics.
International journal of nanomedicine
2021 Volume 16, Page(s) 4959–4984
Abstract: ... pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. We further assessed how delivery systems achieve better metabolism and ... activity and pharmacokinetic behavior of AvDs by altering drug metabolism through the utilization ... pharmacokinetic characteristics of AvDs may help to solve the problems associated with AvDs and enhance ...
| Abstract | Antiviral drugs (AvDs) are the primary resource in the global battle against viruses, including the recent fight against corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Most AvDs require multiple medications, and their use frequently leads to drug resistance, since they have poor oral bioavailability and low efficacy due to their low solubility/low permeability. Characterizing the in vivo metabolism and pharmacokinetic characteristics of AvDs may help to solve the problems associated with AvDs and enhance their efficacy. In this review of AvDs, we systematically investigated their structure-based metabolic reactions and related enzymes, their cellular pharmacology, and the effects of metabolism on AvD pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. We further assessed how delivery systems achieve better metabolism and pharmacology of AvDs. This review suggests that suitable nanosystems may help to achieve better pharmacological activity and pharmacokinetic behavior of AvDs by altering drug metabolism through the utilization of advanced nanotechnology and appropriate administration routes. Notably, such AvDs as ribavirin, remdesivir, favipiravir, chloroquine, lopinavir and ritonavir have been confirmed to bind to the severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) receptor and thus may represent anti-COVID-19 treatments. Elucidating the metabolic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of AvDs may help pharmacologists to identify new formulations with high bioavailability and efficacy and help physicians to better treat virus-related diseases, including COVID-19. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage ; Antiviral Agents/metabolism ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/metabolism ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects |
| Chemical Substances | Antiviral Agents |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2021-07-22 |
| Publishing country | New Zealand |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Review |
| ZDB-ID | 2364941-0 |
| ISSN | 1178-2013 ; 1176-9114 |
| ISSN (online) | 1178-2013 |
| ISSN | 1176-9114 |
| DOI | 10.2147/IJN.S315705 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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