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Article: Acute pancreatitis in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Beyond respiratory distress.

Chivato Martín-Falquina, Irene / García-Morán, Sara / Jiménez Moreno, Manuel Alfonso

Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas : organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Patologia Digestiva

2021 Volume 113, Issue 5, Page(s) 388–389

Abstract: We read with great interest the two letters published in November regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection ... and acute pancreatitis (AP). We report our only case of AP related to such infection. ...

Abstract	We read with great interest the two letters published in November regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute pancreatitis (AP). We report our only case of AP related to such infection.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Disease ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pancreatitis/complications ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-23
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1070381-0
ISSN	1130-0108 ; 0212-7512
ISSN	1130-0108 ; 0212-7512
DOI	10.17235/reed.2021.7781/2020
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Article: Acute pancreatitis following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report.

Choden, Ugyen / Yangzom, Sonam / Pradhan, Geeta / Wangchuk, Pema

SAGE open medical case reports

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 2050313X231175288

Abstract: ... few reported cases of acute pancreatitis following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection ... asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. He developed acute upper abdominal pain ... on day 13th of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection detection. Diagnosis of acute ...

Abstract	The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 was first reported from Wuhan, China in December 2019. Since then, it has caused global crisis and it still continues to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Although it primarily involves respiratory system with symptoms ranging from mild to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, extrapulmonary involvement including gastrointestinal manifestations is increasingly reported. There are few reported cases of acute pancreatitis following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection; however, little is known on true prevalence of acute pancreatitis or other extrapulmonary manifestations. More data and research on pathophysiology and organ-specific extrapulmonary manifestations would aid clinicians to monitor and recognise these wide spectra of manifestations so that organ-specific therapeutic strategies and management pathways could be developed. We report a case of acute pancreatitis in an otherwise asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. He developed acute upper abdominal pain on day 13th of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection detection. Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was made after his serum amylase level was raised by more than five times the normal and the computed tomography abdomen showed oedematous pancreas. He was successfully managed and discharged after 12 days of diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. On follow-up after 1 year, there were no recurrent attacks of pancreatitis. Our case highlights that acute pancreatitis can occur even in asymptomatic and milder form of COVID-19 and the onset of such complications could be delayed. Abdominal pain in COVID-19 should be carefully assessed because prompt diagnosis and management of acute pancreatitis in COVID-19 patient is crucial in preventing multi-organ dysfunction leading to subsequent morbidity and mortality.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2736953-5
ISSN	2050-313X
ISSN	2050-313X
DOI	10.1177/2050313X231175288
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Article ; Online: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2-related and imputable deaths in children: results from the French pediatric national registry.

Lockhart-Bouron, Marguerite / Vanel, Noémie / Levy, Michael / Briant, Anaïs R / Javouhey, Etienne / Breinig, Sophie / Dina, Julia / Caseris, Marion / Angoulvant, François / Leteurtre, Stéphane / Recher, Morgan / Brossier, David W

World journal of pediatrics : WJP

2024

Abstract: ... respiratory distress syndrome.: Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 mortality in the French pediatric population was ... Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible ... PCRs) [acute corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or incidental SARS-CoV-2 infection] and/or pediatric ...

Abstract	Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for an important mortality rate worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the actual imputability of SARS-CoV-2 on the mortality rate associated with SARS-CoV-2-related illnesses in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Secondary objectives were to identify risk factors for death. Methods: This national multicenter comparative study comprised all patients under 18 years old with positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) [acute corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or incidental SARS-CoV-2 infection] and/or pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) recorded in the French PICU registry (PICURe) between September 1, 2021, and August 31, 2022. Included patients were classified and compared according to their living status at the end of their PICU stay. Deceased patients were evaluated by four experts in the field of pediatric infectiology and/or pediatric intensive care. The imputability of SARS-CoV-2 as the cause of death was classified into four categories: certain, very probable, possible, or unlikely, and was defined by any of the first three categories. Results: There were 948 patients included of which 43 died (4.5%). From this, 26 deaths (67%) could be attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection, with an overall mortality rate of 2.8%. The imputability of death to SARS-CoV-2 was considered certain in only one case (0.1%). Deceased patients suffered more often from comorbidities, especially heart disease, neurological disorders, hematological disease, cancer, and obesity. None of the deceased patients were admitted for pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS). Mortality risk factors were male gender, cardiac comorbidities, cancer, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 mortality in the French pediatric population was low. Even though the imputability of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality was considered in almost two-thirds of cases, this imputability was considered certain in only one case.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2236681-7
ISSN	1867-0687 ; 1708-8569
ISSN (online)	1867-0687
ISSN	1708-8569
DOI	10.1007/s12519-023-00791-x
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Article ; Online: A mid‑pandemic night's dream: Melatonin, from harbinger of anti‑inflammation to mitochondrial savior in acute and long COVID‑19 (Review).

Lempesis, Ioannis G / Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki Epameinondas / Reiter, Russel J / Spandidos, Demetrios A

International journal of molecular medicine

2024 Volume 53, Issue 3

Abstract: ... syndrome 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), has triggered a worldwide pandemic with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic ... in all living organisms, has been suggested as a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of SARS‑CoV‑2 ... Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19), a systemic illness caused by severe acute respiratory distress ...

Abstract	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19), a systemic illness caused by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), has triggered a worldwide pandemic with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to chronic, affecting practically every organ. Melatonin, an ancient antioxidant found in all living organisms, has been suggested as a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection due to its good safety characteristics and broad‑spectrum antiviral medication properties. Melatonin is essential in various metabolic pathways and governs physiological processes, such as the sleep‑wake cycle and circadian rhythms. It exhibits oncostatic, anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant and anti‑aging properties, exhibiting promise for use in the treatment of numerous disorders, including COVID‑19. The preventive and therapeutic effects of melatonin have been widely explored in a number of conditions and have been well‑established in experimental ischemia/reperfusion investigations, particularly in coronary heart disease and stroke. Clinical research evaluating the use of melatonin in COVID‑19 has shown various improved outcomes, including reduced hospitalization durations; however, the trials are small. Melatonin can alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction in COVID‑19, improve immune cell function and provide antioxidant properties. However, its therapeutic potential remains underexplored due to funding limitations and thus further investigations are required.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; Melatonin/pharmacology ; Melatonin/therapeutic use ; Melatonin/metabolism ; Pandemics ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Melatonin (JL5DK93RCL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1444428-8
ISSN	1791-244X ; 1107-3756
ISSN (online)	1791-244X
ISSN	1107-3756
DOI	10.3892/ijmm.2024.5352
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Article ; Online: Pathophysiology of COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury.

Legrand, Matthieu / Bell, Samira / Forni, Lui / Joannidis, Michael / Koyner, Jay L / Liu, Kathleen / Cantaluppi, Vincenzo

Nature reviews. Nephrology

2021 Volume 17, Issue 11, Page(s) 751–764

Abstract: ... through which acute kidney injury (AKI) can develop in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Histopathological findings have ... lower in patients with COVID-19 than in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome with causes ... in non-COVID-related sepsis. Acute tubular injury is common, although it is often mild, despite markedly ...

Abstract	Although respiratory failure and hypoxaemia are the main manifestations of COVID-19, kidney involvement is also common. Available evidence supports a number of potential pathophysiological pathways through which acute kidney injury (AKI) can develop in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Histopathological findings have highlighted both similarities and differences between AKI in patients with COVID-19 and in those with AKI in non-COVID-related sepsis. Acute tubular injury is common, although it is often mild, despite markedly reduced kidney function. Systemic haemodynamic instability very likely contributes to tubular injury. Despite descriptions of COVID-19 as a cytokine storm syndrome, levels of circulating cytokines are often lower in patients with COVID-19 than in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome with causes other than COVID-19. Tissue inflammation and local immune cell infiltration have been repeatedly observed and might have a critical role in kidney injury, as might endothelial injury and microvascular thrombi. Findings of high viral load in patients who have died with AKI suggest a contribution of viral invasion in the kidneys, although the issue of renal tropism remains controversial. An impaired type I interferon response has also been reported in patients with severe COVID-19. In light of these observations, the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19-associated AKI may provide insights into therapeutic strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Kidney Injury/physiopathology ; Acute Kidney Injury/virology ; Adaptive Immunity/physiology ; Biopsy ; COVID-19/physiopathology ; Complement System Proteins ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Hematuria/physiopathology ; Humans ; Immunity, Humoral/physiology ; Immunity, Innate/physiology ; Immunosenescence ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Inflammation/virology ; Interferon Type I/physiology ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney/virology ; Proteinuria/physiopathology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Viral Load
Chemical Substances	Interferon Type I ; Complement System Proteins (9007-36-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2490366-8
ISSN	1759-507X ; 1759-5061
ISSN (online)	1759-507X
ISSN	1759-5061
DOI	10.1038/s41581-021-00452-0
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Article ; Online: Cardiopulmonary Phenotypes of Post Acute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A Narrative Review.

Khan, Muhammad H / Becker, Richard C

Cardiology in review

2021 Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 117–127

Abstract: The acute effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are well known ... to have Post Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Using prognostic factors like ... myocardial infarction, myocarditis, pulmonary embolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome, need ...

Abstract	The acute effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are well known; however, the long-term cardiopulmonary effects are less well characterized. The phenotypic expression of acute infection is heterogeneous, ranging from a complete absence of symptoms to shock, multisystem organ failure, and death. Patients with severe or critical coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who survive their initial illness can require a prolonged period of recovery lasting weeks to months. This specific patient group is part of a larger and even more heterogeneous group of patients who initially experience mild-to-moderate symptoms that fail to resolve over time. Collectively, patients recovering from severe or critical COVID-19 and those who continue to experience symptoms following a lower acuity infection are considered to have Post Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Using prognostic factors like myocardial infarction, myocarditis, pulmonary embolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome, need for mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and advanced pharmaceutical therapies that primarily occur or are instituted in the acute phase of illness one can begin to develop a taxonomy or corpus of PASC in its varied forms.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/complications ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy ; Disease Progression
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1294965-6
ISSN	1538-4683 ; 1061-5377
ISSN (online)	1538-4683
ISSN	1061-5377
DOI	10.1097/CRD.0000000000000429
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Article: Molecular Mechanism of -Acute Sarcopenia in Elderly Patient with COVID - 19.

Aryana, I Gusti Putu Suka / Setiati, Siti / Rini, Sandra Surya

Acta medica Indonesiana

2022 Volume 53, Issue 4, Page(s) 481–492

Abstract: ... by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Case fatality rate has been on the rise among older adults. Muscle ... that acute sarcopenia may caused by acute significant stressor such as an acute illness, surgery, infections ... modulating muscle mass in acute sarcopenia during COVID-19 infection. ...

Abstract	Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Case fatality rate has been on the rise among older adults. Muscle loss is a consequence of several chronic diseases (chronic sarcopenia) and recent theory also suggested that acute sarcopenia may caused by acute significant stressor such as an acute illness, surgery, infections, trauma or burns including COVID-19 infection leading to further muscle loss in elderly. Cytokine storm, the hallmark of COVID-19 pathogenesis will induce various pro-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-1 and IL-6 causing acute sarcopenia by activating negative regulators like NF-κB, atrogin-1, MURF-1. Long standing chronic inflammation also known as inflammaging along with acute inflammation during COVID-19 in elderly will cause reticulum endoplasmic and mitochondria stress activating caspase and finally increase both cytosolic and nuclear levels of AIF and EndoG to induce acute sarcopenia. Several precipitating factors shared same molecular pathway like physical inactivity and hormonal dysregulation which act through IGF-1-AKT-mTOR pathway. Physical inactivity during COVID-19 infection also induced myostatin and Atrogin-1/ MaFbx/ MuRF pathway. This review provides recent research advances dealing with molecular pathway modulating muscle mass in acute sarcopenia during COVID-19 infection.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; COVID-19/complications ; Cytokine Release Syndrome ; Humans ; Inflammation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sarcopenia/virology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-13
Publishing country	Indonesia
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2474707-5
ISSN	2338-2732 ; 0125-9326
ISSN (online)	2338-2732
ISSN	0125-9326
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Article ; Online: Acalculous Acute Pancreatitis in a COVID-19 Patient.

Meireles, Pedro Antunes / Bessa, Filipe / Gaspar, Pedro / Parreira, Inês / Silva, Virgílio Dias / Mota, Catarina / Alvoeiro, Lourdes

European journal of case reports in internal medicine

2020 Volume 7, Issue 6, Page(s) 1710

Abstract: ... by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with manifestations ranging from mild upper respiratory symptoms ... of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Future studies must address the real impact of pancreatic involvement in COVID-19 ... both express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the proven receptor for SARS-CoV-2 cell internalization ...

Abstract	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystemic condition caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with manifestations ranging from mild upper respiratory symptoms to cytokine storm causing acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pancreatic exocrine tissue and endocrine islets both express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the proven receptor for SARS-CoV-2 cell internalization. An increase in pancreatic enzymes has been increasingly recognized in patients with COVID-19, but little is known about the real prevalence of acute pancreatitis in this population. We report a case of acute acalculous pancreatitis in a COVID-19 patient. Learning points: Acute pancreatitis may be a manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Future studies must address the real impact of pancreatic involvement in COVID-19 patients.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-13
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2284-2594
ISSN (online)	2284-2594
DOI	10.12890/2020_001710
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Article ; Online: Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: understanding and addressing the burden of multisystem manifestations.

Parotto, Matteo / Gyöngyösi, Mariann / Howe, Kathryn / Myatra, Sheila N / Ranzani, Otavio / Shankar-Hari, Manu / Herridge, Margaret S

The Lancet. Respiratory medicine

2023 Volume 11, Issue 8, Page(s) 739–754

Abstract: Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection can develop symptoms that persist well beyond the acute phase ... difficult to differentiate from the specific effects of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. We provide an overview ... Survivors of COVID-19-related critical illness are at risk of the well known sequelae of acute respiratory ...

Abstract	Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection can develop symptoms that persist well beyond the acute phase of COVID-19 or emerge after the acute phase, lasting for weeks or months after the initial acute illness. The post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, which include physical, cognitive, and mental health impairments, are known collectively as long COVID or post-COVID-19 condition. The substantial burden of this multisystem condition is felt at individual, health-care system, and socioeconomic levels, on an unprecedented scale. Survivors of COVID-19-related critical illness are at risk of the well known sequelae of acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and chronic critical illness, and these multidimensional morbidities might be difficult to differentiate from the specific effects of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. We provide an overview of the manifestations of post-COVID-19 condition after critical illness in adults. We explore the effects on various organ systems, describe potential pathophysiological mechanisms, and consider the challenges of providing clinical care and support for survivors of critical illness with multisystem manifestations. Research is needed to reduce the incidence of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19-related critical illness and to optimise therapeutic and rehabilitative care and support for patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; COVID-19/complications ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Critical Illness ; Disease Progression
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2686754-0
ISSN	2213-2619 ; 2213-2600
ISSN (online)	2213-2619
ISSN	2213-2600
DOI	10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00239-4
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Article ; Online: Lethal pulmonary embolism in a pregnant woman with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 receiving prophylactic anticoagulation: a case report.

Perfilyeva, Yuliya V / Maukayeva, Saule B / Smail, Yerbol M / Dmitrovskiy, Andrey M / Ostapchuk, Yekaterina O / Zhigailov, Andrey V / Nizkorodova, Anna S / Berdygulova, Zhanna A / Naizabayeva, Dinara A / Perfilyeva, Anastassiya V / Maltseva, Elina R / Kamytbekova, Kulyan Zh / Skiba, Yuriy A

Journal of medical case reports

2023 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 455

Abstract: ... CoV-2 infection.: Case presentation: A 28-year-old Kazakh woman was hospitalized with muscle pain ... she experienced respiratory distress and underwent transfer to the intensive care unit, intubation and ... with COVID-19. Here we report on fatal pulmonary embolism in a pregnant woman with laboratory confirmed SARS ...

Abstract	Background: A limited number of studies have described thrombotic complications in pregnant women with COVID-19. Here we report on fatal pulmonary embolism in a pregnant woman with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case presentation: A 28-year-old Kazakh woman was hospitalized with muscle pain, dry cough and a temperature of 37.5 °C at the 29th week of gestation. Upon admission, a blood test demonstrated elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, decreased levels of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, as well as prolonged prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time. Within 14 days of admission, she experienced respiratory distress and underwent transfer to the intensive care unit, intubation and a cesarean section. The patient received intravenous antibiotics, antiviral medications, systemic corticosteroids and dual anticoagulation with aspirin and enoxaparin. Death outcome was reported on day 18 of illness despite aggressive supportive care. Histological analysis demonstrated that obstruction of the main pulmonary arthery and disseminated intravascular coagulation were the causes of death. Conclusions: This case demonstrates that in the management of pregnancy and childbirth in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection, special attention should be paid to coagulation system parameters and timely appropriate prophylaxis of thromboembolic complications, which has yet to be determined.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/complications ; Pregnant Women ; Cesarean Section/adverse effects ; Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy ; Pulmonary Embolism/etiology ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Anticoagulants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2269805-X
ISSN	1752-1947 ; 1752-1947
ISSN (online)	1752-1947
ISSN	1752-1947
DOI	10.1186/s13256-023-04180-w
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