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Article: Viewpoint: The future of work in agri-food.

Christiaensen, Luc / Rutledge, Zachariah / Taylor, J Edward

2020 Volume 99, Page(s) 101963

Abstract: ... food system play as a source of employment in the future? This viewpoint elaborates on these trends and ... As countries develop, agriculture's role as domestic employer declines. But the broader agri-food ... in Africa, labor productivity in agriculture remains at historically low levels. So, what role can the agri ...

Abstract	As countries develop, agriculture's role as domestic employer declines. But the broader agri-food system also expands, and the scope for agriculture-related job creation shifts beyond the farm. Historically, technological revolutions have shaped, and have been shaped by, these dynamics. Today, a digital revolution is taking hold. In this process of structural transformation, societies evolve from having a surplus to a shortage of domestic farm labor, typically met by foreign agricultural wage workers. Yet anti-immigration sentiments are flying high in migrant-destination countries, and agricultural trade may be similarly challenged. Robots in the fields and packing plants offer an alternative to a diminishing labor supply. COVID-19 will reinforce trends of digitization and anti-globalization (including in food trade), while slowing economic growth and structural transformation. In the world's poorest countries, particularly in Africa, labor productivity in agriculture remains at historically low levels. So, what role can the agri-food system play as a source of employment in the future? This viewpoint elaborates on these trends and reviews several policy options, including inclusive value chain development, better immigration policies, social insurance schemes, and ramp up in agricultural education and extension.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	194840-4
ISSN	0306-9192
ISSN	0306-9192
DOI	10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101963
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Article: Viewpoint: The future of work in agri-food

Christiaensen, Luc / Rutledge, Zachariah / Taylor, J. Edward

Food policy. 2021 Feb., v. 99

2021

Abstract: ... food system play as a source of employment in the future? This viewpoint elaborates on these trends and ... As countries develop, agriculture’s role as domestic employer declines. But the broader agri-food ... in Africa, labor productivity in agriculture remains at historically low levels. So, what role can the agri ...

Abstract	As countries develop, agriculture’s role as domestic employer declines. But the broader agri-food system also expands, and the scope for agriculture-related job creation shifts beyond the farm. Historically, technological revolutions have shaped, and have been shaped by, these dynamics. Today, a digital revolution is taking hold. In this process of structural transformation, societies evolve from having a surplus to a shortage of domestic farm labor, typically met by foreign agricultural wage workers. Yet anti-immigration sentiments are flying high in migrant-destination countries, and agricultural trade may be similarly challenged. Robots in the fields and packing plants offer an alternative to a diminishing labor supply. COVID-19 will reinforce trends of digitization and anti-globalization (including in food trade), while slowing economic growth and structural transformation. In the world’s poorest countries, particularly in Africa, labor productivity in agriculture remains at historically low levels. So, what role can the agri-food system play as a source of employment in the future? This viewpoint elaborates on these trends and reviews several policy options, including inclusive value chain development, better immigration policies, social insurance schemes, and ramp up in agricultural education and extension.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; agricultural education ; agricultural trade ; economic development ; employment ; farm labor ; farms ; food policy ; immigration ; insurance ; labor productivity ; supply chain ; Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-02
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	194840-4
ISSN	0306-9192
ISSN	0306-9192
DOI	10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101963
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Viewpoint: The future of work in agri-food

Christiaensen, Luc / Rutledge, Zachariah / Taylor, J Edward

Food Policy

Abstract	As countries develop, agriculture's role as domestic employer declines. But the broader agri-food system also expands, and the scope for agriculture-related job creation shifts beyond the farm. Historically, technological revolutions have shaped, and have been shaped by, these dynamics. Today, a digital revolution is taking hold. In this process of structural transformation, societies evolve from having a surplus to a shortage of domestic farm labor, typically met by foreign agricultural wage workers. Yet anti-immigration sentiments are flying high in migrant-destination countries, and agricultural trade may be similarly challenged. Robots in the fields and packing plants offer an alternative to a diminishing labor supply. COVID-19 will reinforce trends of digitization and anti-globalization (including in food trade), while slowing economic growth and structural transformation. In the world's poorest countries, particularly in Africa, labor productivity in agriculture remains at historically low levels. So, what role can the agri-food system play as a source of employment in the future? This viewpoint elaborates on these trends and reviews several policy options, including inclusive value chain development, better immigration policies, social insurance schemes, and ramp up in agricultural education and extension.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #843491
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: The Potential of Nutrigenomics from Viewpoint of Animal Nutrition

Bimrew Asmare / Tesfaye Negewo

SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 75-

A Mini Review

2019 Volume 81

Abstract: ... several years are browsed and reviewed. Based on the review, it is possible to recognize that the future ... the importance of nutrigenomics, exploring how it works, and identifying what benefit it has is the scope ... Therefore, it must be well understood before it is applied in the field of agriculture particularly in animal science ...

Abstract	Nutrigenomics is relatively new area of science which requires more appraisal and further research. Therefore, it must be well understood before it is applied in the field of agriculture particularly in animal science. From earlier few studies, it has been learnt that nutrigenomics and allied sciences have significant importance to serve as modern tool fornutritional research in comprehending the problems related to animal production and health. But the level of awareness is not that much raised for maximum exploitation of the science. For this reason, efforts have to be exerted to uncover the state of current knowledge, skill and practices how nutrigenomics helps in boosting animal productivity and health condition. One of the approaches to expand this knowledge is using various dissemination mechanisms such as bringing together the information from different sources, analyzing and interpreting. In scientific or research language, this is referred as review. To this end, literature and articles related to animal nutrition and health which were produced over several years are browsed and reviewed. Based on the review, it is possible to recognize that the future of animal nutrition requires intensified feeding and precise nutrient specification of animals. Hence, understanding the importance of nutrigenomics, exploring how it works, and identifying what benefit it has is the scope of the review. This piece of paper is therefore written to describe what nutrigenomics mean, its importance, how it can be applied and what contribution it has to the field of animal sciences.
Keywords	Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Genes ; Nutrition ; Ruminant nutrition ; Agriculture ; S ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	South Valley University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Brief Research Commentary: The US Indigenous Food Sovereignty Movement’s Impact on Understandings of COVID‐19 in Indian Country

Lewis, Courtney

Culture, agriculture, food and environment. 2021 Dec., v. 43, no. 2

2021

Abstract: ... for these research projects and offer suggestions regarding future US Indigenous food sovereignty research directions. ... integration of this crucial political landscape, thus increasing the relevancy and application of this work ... the US Indigenous food sovereignty movement and demonstrates how it informs the impacts of COVID‐19 on Indian ...

Abstract	This research commentary provides an overview of contemporary anthropological research regarding the US Indigenous food sovereignty movement and demonstrates how it informs the impacts of COVID‐19 on Indian Country. Past anthropological research on US Indigenous foodways, while useful, has lacked US Indigenous voices and in‐depth political context. Alternatively, many current Indigenous scholars prioritize integration of this crucial political landscape, thus increasing the relevancy and application of this work. For this review, I begin by coalescing a selection of these recent research developments, primarily focusing on research undertaken by Indigenous scholars currently in, and affiliated with, anthropology. I then connect the ways in which their ethnographic and community‐based findings shed insight into challenges that arose during the Covid‐19 pandemic in 2020. Finally, I critique anthropology’s lack of support for these research projects and offer suggestions regarding future US Indigenous food sovereignty research directions.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; agriculture ; environment ; food sovereignty ; foodways ; politics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Size	p. 107-113.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2667629-1
ISSN	2153-9561 ; 2153-9553
ISSN (online)	2153-9561
ISSN	2153-9553
DOI	10.1111/cuag.12280
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Transdisciplinary development and adoption of irrigation innovations in africa. linkages to principles of caadp: a commentary

Phiri, E / Bwalya, M / Froebrich, J / Mweetwa, A.M / Chishala, B.H / Meebelo, N / Shepande, C.M / De Witt, M / De Clercq, W

Irrigation and drainage. 2020 Apr., v. 69 Suppl S1

2020

Abstract: ... the EAU4Food project and suggests some future areas of attention on Africa's agenda for enhanced ... food security and nutrition for all. Over the last three to four decades, many initiatives have been designed ... productivity. The EAU4Food (European Union and African Union cooperative research to increase food ...

Abstract	Expanding arable land under irrigation is cardinal in the quest to attain Africa's aspiration of transforming agriculture and realizing its true value and positive impact on wealth creation, economic growth, food security and nutrition for all. Over the last three to four decades, many initiatives have been designed to harness both small‐ and large‐scale irrigation technologies towards increasing agricultural production and productivity. The EAU4Food (European Union and African Union cooperative research to increase food production in irrigated farming systems in Africa) project was a collaborative project under the EU–African Union Scientific Partnership aimed at enabling the successful adoption and upscaling of appropriate irrigation support innovations. The project applied a transdisciplinary approach to design, test and disseminate innovations across the continent. The project was designed to gain better insights vis‐à‐vis how the innovation process can be enhanced, and to share insights for supporting the implementation of national agricultural development programmes and strategies conceived within the context of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) framework. This note highlights linkages between the CAADP framework and the EAU4Food project and suggests some future areas of attention on Africa's agenda for enhanced agricultural production, facilitated under the auspices of CAADP. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords	European Union ; agricultural development ; arable soils ; cooperative research ; economic development ; food production ; food security ; irrigation ; nutrition ; Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-04
Size	p. 148-154.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2047418-0
ISSN	1531-0361 ; 1531-0353
ISSN (online)	1531-0361
ISSN	1531-0353
DOI	10.1002/ird.2376
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Article: Commentary: Food regime analysis and agrarian questions: widening the conversation

Friedmann, Harriet

Journal of peasant studies. 2016 May 3, v. 43, no. 3

2016

Abstract: ... analysis of technics, but lack appreciation of the centrality of food and farming; recent works recovering ... Bernstein (his distinction between farming and agriculture). I conclude that food regimes and agrarian ... of capitalism now stem from agriculture, and any positive future will be guided by farmers. Bernstein thinks ...

Abstract	The central disagreement between McMichael and Bernstein boils down to how each of them analyses food and agriculture in relation to capitalist dynamics. McMichael thinks the main contradictions of capitalism now stem from agriculture, and any positive future will be guided by farmers. Bernstein thinks capitalism has fully absorbed agriculture (including farmers not expelled from the land) into circuits of capital, turning agriculture into simply one of many sectors of accumulation and a major font of surplus labor. They have arrived by different paths to the same deeper question: Granted its illumination of the past, does the food regime approach remain useful for interpreting present contradictions, and if so, how? To invite a wider exploration of this very real and important question, I have tried to shift the debate towards a conversation about the complexity of the current transition. I start by widening the frame of the debate to include other writings by McMichael (his method of incorporated comparison) and Bernstein (his distinction between farming and agriculture). I conclude that food regimes and agrarian changes must be located in a wider set of analyses of agrarian and capitalist transitions, each of which misses something important. Older agrarian thought about urban society has much to offer but misses larger food regime dynamics; socio-technical transitions and new commons literatures offer critical analysis of technics, but lack appreciation of the centrality of food and farming; recent works recovering Marxist thought about human nature in a possible transition to a society of abundance and collaboration also ignore food and farming. Connecting with literatures outside the frame of food regimes and agrarian questions offers a way forward for those literatures and for ours.
Keywords	capital ; capitalism ; farmers ; farming systems ; humans ; labor ; lighting ; society
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-0503
Size	p. 671-692.
Publishing place	Routledge
Document type	Article
ISSN	1743-9361
DOI	10.1080/03066150.2016.1146254
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Epidemiologische Modellbildung am Beispiel BSE--Betrachtungen aus statistischer Sicht.

Dahms, Susanne

Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift

2003 Volume 116, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 22–30

Abstract: ... Veterinary Laboratory of the British Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) (now Department ... concerning the future development of the disease and the epidemiological dynamics of BSE, and, consequently ... a prediction of future BSE incidence numbers, and, especially based on the "Oxford"-model, a back-calculation ...

Title translation	Epidemiological model development using BSE as an example--observations from a statistical viewpoint.
Abstract	Since first BSE cases in cattle born in Germany were recognized, questions have been raised concerning the future development of the disease and the epidemiological dynamics of BSE, and, consequently, modelling approaches that might answer these questions. The database for such modelling efforts is formed by BSE incidence numbers or incidence rates, broken down by age at onset of clinical disease, and by time of onset or time of birth, respectively, from available information gathered for suspect and confirmed BSE cases. To describe such data, statistical age-period-cohort-models and two epidemiologically/biologically oriented modelling approaches are discussed: the so-called three-factor-model used by the Central Veterinary Laboratory of the British Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) (now Department of the Environment and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)), and a back-calculation-model developed by a working group at the University of Oxford. Resulting model calculations are supposed to serve several purposes, including a prediction of future BSE incidence numbers, and, especially based on the "Oxford"-model, a back-calculation of the epidemic of BSE infections from the epidemic of clinically diseased BSE cases. Analysis of these approaches reveals some problems even to identify unique age, period, or birth cohort effects. An additional estimation of epidemiological components of BSE, for example the frequency distribution of incubation times, has to rely on further assumptions that cannot be validated by the model fit as such. Therefore, modelling results should be interpreted with caution. However, the limitations demonstrated by this discussion emphasize the need for specific studies to investigate certain aspects of the BSE epidemic, for example the distribution of times from infection to disease onset, and for the centralised collection of valid and detailed population data for cattle.
MeSH term(s)	Age Factors ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cohort Studies ; Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform/epidemiology ; Germany/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Prevalence ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
Language	German
Publishing date	2003-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	5674-1
ISSN	0005-9366
ISSN	0005-9366
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Article: Perspektiven der Veterinärmedizinischen Wissenschaft--Aus der Sicht des gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutzes.

Hildebrandt, G

DTW. Deutsche tierarztliche Wochenschrift

2001 Volume 108, Issue 7, Page(s) 297–302

Abstract: ... quality assurance systems is needed in future according to the spirit of "intelligent" food hygiene. ... Therefore scientific work in veterinary public health has to concentrate on risk management. Additionally to developing ... Concerning the causal chain "healthy animal--healthy food--healthy man" there's no doubt ...

Title translation	Perspectives of veterinary science--from the viewpoint of consumer health protection.
Abstract	Concerning the causal chain "healthy animal--healthy food--healthy man" there's no doubt that mainly veterinarians are responsible for a safe preharvest area. In the food processing sector, of which economical importance is increasing in inverse proportion to agricultural activity of developed nations, the veterinarians must win through against many other professions. In this competition the specific veterinarian competence to prevent or to control microbiological, parasitological and some chemical hazards should be used. Therefore scientific work in veterinary public health has to concentrate on risk management. Additionally to developing methods for rapid and/or discriminative determination of causative agents the implementation of integrated quality assurance systems is needed in future according to the spirit of "intelligent" food hygiene.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Consumer Product Safety ; Food Inspection/standards ; Food-Processing Industry/standards ; Germany ; Hygiene ; Public Health ; Quality Control ; Risk Management ; Safety ; Veterinary Medicine/trends
Language	German
Publishing date	2001-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	6803-2
ISSN	0341-6593 ; 0012-0847 ; 0366-9904
ISSN	0341-6593 ; 0012-0847 ; 0366-9904
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Article ; Online: A CRITIQUE OF THE PROPOSED EU ANIMAL WELFARE DIRECTIVE FROM A HUNGARIAN POINT OF VIEW

Toaso, Szilvia / Foldes, Fruzsina / Kiss, Csilla

2006

Abstract: ... and will set a platform on which future legislation could be built. The Directive arose ... Working Groups, which draw together government experts from EU Member States. There are many NGO’s ...

Abstract	After a long wait the European Union has published a draft Directive (2005/0099) setting out minimum legal standards for the protection of chickens reared for meat. If adopted it will establish some common standards for the treatment of chickens across Europe, leading to regular inspections of flocks, and will set a platform on which future legislation could be built. The Directive arose from the advice given by the European Commission’s own Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Animal Welfare (SCAHAW) in 2000, which expressed a number of concerns regarding the welfare of broilers reared in typical commercial farming systems. The proposed Directive is extremely disappointing in that it fails to address the key health and welfare problems. In particular it fails to make any attempt to halt or restrict the use of fast-growing broilers despite the high levels of painful leg disorders and heart failure experienced by these birds. In the meantime a limit on maximum growth rates should be set. Lighting levels should be between 20 and 100 lux. A continuous period of darkness should be provided, which coincides with the natural night time and lasts a minimum of six hours. The proposed directive should permit broilers to be stocked at 30 kg/m2. The Commission also deals with air quality and climate, litter quality, training and environmental enrichment in the proposed directive, however in this study we only consider the three main issues. The proposal was adopted by the Commission on 30th May 2005. To become law, it will need to be adopted by the Council of Ministers following various consultations, notably in the European Parliament and the Council Working Groups, which draw together government experts from EU Member States. There are many NGO’s, for instance the RSPCA, Eurogroup, CIWF, and the Fauna Egyesület in Hungary, who welcome the proposal as a first step towards improving the welfare of broiler chickens, but believe that far more could be done to deal with the specific welfare issues.
Keywords	proposed European Union directive ; animal welfare ; broilers ; suggestions ; Agricultural and Food Policy ; Livestock Production/Industries
Subject code	340
Language	English
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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