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Article ; Online: Update on Covid-age.

Coggon, David / Croft, Peter / Cullinan, Paul / Williams, Anthony

2020 Volume 70, Issue 7, Page(s) 527

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1103950-4
ISSN	1471-8405 ; 0962-7480
ISSN (online)	1471-8405
ISSN	0962-7480
DOI	10.1093/occmed/kqaa158
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Article: Update on COVID-19 Therapy in Pediatric Age.

Esposito, Susanna / Autore, Giovanni / Argentiero, Alberto / Ramundo, Greta / Perrone, Serafina / Principi, Nicola

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 15, Issue 12

Abstract: ... several severe cases among children were reported, and long-COVID in pediatric age was frequently observed ... important limitations of COVID-19 therapy in pediatric age. Four different antivirals, remdesivir (RVD ... patient's characteristics. Analyses in the literature show that MPV cannot be used in pediatric age ...

Abstract	With the extension of the COVID-19 pandemic, the large use of COVID-19 vaccines among adults and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants means that the epidemiology of COVID-19 in pediatrics, particularly among younger children, has substantially changed. The prevalence of pediatric COVID-19 significantly increased, several severe cases among children were reported, and long-COVID in pediatric age was frequently observed. The main aim of this paper is to discuss which types of treatment are presently available for pediatric patients with COVID-19, which of them are authorized for the first years of life, and which are the most important limitations of COVID-19 therapy in pediatric age. Four different antivirals, remdesivir (RVD), the combination nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (Paxlovid), molnupiravir (MPV), and the monoclonal antibody bebtelovimab (BEB), are presently approved or authorized for emergency use for COVID-19 treatment by most of the national health authorities, although with limitations according to the clinical relevance of disease and patient's characteristics. Analyses in the literature show that MPV cannot be used in pediatric age for the risk of adverse events regarding bone growth. The other antivirals can be used, at least in older children, and RDV can be used in all children except in neonates. However, careful research on pharmacokinetic and clinical data specifically collected in neonates and children are urgently needed for the appropriate management of pediatric COVID-19.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2193542-7
ISSN	1424-8247
ISSN	1424-8247
DOI	10.3390/ph15121512
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Article: Update on Covid-age

Coggon, David / Croft, Peter / Cullinan, Paul / Williams, Anthony

Occup Med (Lond)

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #756940
Database	COVID19

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Article: Cervical cancer in Thailand: 2023 update.

Wongpratate, Mayuree / Bumrungthai, Sureewan

Obstetrics & gynecology science

2024 Volume 67, Issue 3, Page(s) 261–269

Abstract: ... cervical cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study may prove useful ... In addition, this review also highlights the need for further research on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic ... involves vaccinating 90% of women aged 15 years with the HPV vaccine. The second intervention involves ...

Abstract	Cervical cancer continues to pose a challenge to the health of Thai women, as the second most common cancer after breast cancer. Since high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types are the main cause for cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination are necessary to reduce the incidence of this disease. At present, the World Health Organization hopes to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer to 4 or less cases per 100,000 women-years using 90%- 70%-90% intervention by 2030. The first intervention involves vaccinating 90% of women aged 15 years with the HPV vaccine. The second intervention involves screening 70% of women between the ages of 35 and 45 years using a high-performance screening test. The third intervention involves detecting cervical lesions in 90% of affected women to enable diagnosis and treatment. In this context, this study reviews trends in the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in Thailand, in addition to providing an up-to-date overview of the causes and necessary risk factors for cervical cancer, as well as reporting on cervical screening and HPV vaccination rates and cervical cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study may prove useful for the formulation of policy aimed at eliminating cervical cancer in Thailand, such as the implementation of a free HPV vaccine service and providing athome kits for cervical screening through clinics and pharmacies. In addition, this review also highlights the need for further research on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cervical cancer screening rates in Thailand.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-25
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2814367-X
ISSN	2287-8580 ; 2287-8572
ISSN (online)	2287-8580
ISSN	2287-8572
DOI	10.5468/ogs.23277
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Article ; Online: Pediatric Pericarditis: Update.

Shahid, Rida / Jin, Justin / Hope, Kyle / Tunuguntla, Hari / Amdani, Shahnawaz

Current cardiology reports

2023 Volume 25, Issue 3, Page(s) 157–170

Abstract: ... tachycardic (heart rate 160 bpm), with normal blood pressure for age. He appears to be in pain (5/10), and ... with the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is important for pediatric clinicians to be aware of pericardial involvement ... in children with COVID-19, and so caregivers should maintain a high index of suspicion when they encounter ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: While there have now been a variety of large reviews on adult pericarditis, this detailed review specifically focuses on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of pediatric pericarditis. We have tried to highlight most pediatric studies conducted on this topic, with special inclusion of important adult studies that have shaped our understanding of and management for acute and recurrent pericarditis. Recent findings: We find that the etiology of pediatric pericarditis differs from adult patients with pericarditis and has evolved over the years. Also, with the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is important for pediatric clinicians to be aware of pericardial involvement both due to the infection and from vaccination. Oftentimes, pericarditis maybe the only cardiac involvement in children with COVID-19, and so caregivers should maintain a high index of suspicion when they encounter children with pericarditis. Large-scale contemporary epidemiological data regarding incidence and prevalence of both acute and recurrent pericarditis is lacking in pediatrics, and future studies should focus on highlighting this important research gap. Most of the current management strategies for pediatric pericarditis are from experiences gathered from adult data. Pediatric multicenter trials are warranted to understand the best management strategy for those with acute and recurrent pericarditis. Case vignette: A 6-year-old child with a past history of pericarditis almost 2 months ago comes in with a 2-day history of chest pain and fever. Per mother, he stopped his steroids about 2 weeks ago, and for the last 2 days has had a temperature of 102F and has been complaining of sharp mid-sternal chest pain that gets worse when he lies down and is relieved when he sits up and leans forward. On examination, he is tachycardic (heart rate 160 bpm), with normal blood pressure for age. He appears to be in pain (5/10), and on auscultation has a pericardial friction rub. His lab studies are notable for elevated white blood cell count and inflammatory markers (CRP and ESR). His electrocardiogram reveals sinus tachycardia and diffuse ST-elevation in all precordial leads. His echocardiogram demonstrates normal biventricular function and a trace pericardial effusion. His cardiac MRI confirms recurrent pericarditis. He is started on indomethacin and colchicine. He has complete resolution of his symptoms by day 3 of admission and is discharged with close follow-up.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Male ; Chest Pain/complications ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/complications ; Pandemics ; Pericardial Effusion/etiology ; Pericarditis/diagnosis ; Pericarditis/epidemiology ; Pericarditis/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2055373-0
ISSN	1534-3170 ; 1523-3782
ISSN (online)	1534-3170
ISSN	1523-3782
DOI	10.1007/s11886-023-01839-0
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Article ; Online: Severe COVID-19 in pediatric age: an update on the role of the anti-rheumatic agents.

Costagliola, Giorgio / Spada, Erika / Consolini, Rita

Pediatric rheumatology online journal

2021 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 68

Abstract: ... systemic manifestations in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As a consequence, different drugs ... of COVID-19 is identified in less than 5% of the pediatric patients. Moreover, in children a peculiar ... experience with the severe pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C does not allow conclusions about the role ...

Abstract	Background: SARS-CoV-2 can induce an immune impairment and dysregulation, finally resulting in the massive release of inflammatory mediators (cytokine storm), strongly contributing to the pulmonary and systemic manifestations in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As a consequence, different drugs active on the immune system have been proposed for the treatment of the disease in adults. Role of the anti-rheumatic agents in children: Children are more likely to develop a mild disease course, as the severe form of COVID-19 is identified in less than 5% of the pediatric patients. Moreover, in children a peculiar disease phenotype, defined as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is observed, representing the most severe expression of the inflammatory dysregulation caused by SARS-CoV-2. The limited experience with the severe pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C does not allow conclusions about the role of the immune pharmacological approach, and therefore the treatment of these conditions represents a considerable clinical challenge. The use of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and colchicine in the early disease stages is not sufficiently supported by evidence, and there is an increasing interest in the role of biologic agents, including anti-IL-1 and anti-IL-6 agents, in the prevention and treatment of the severe manifestations of COVID-19. Conclusion: The therapeutic approach to pediatric COVID-19 is multidisciplinary, and anti-rheumatic agents have a prominent role in severe disease. This paper reviews the rationale for the use of anti-rheumatic agents in pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C and the clinical experience with the single drugs. Finally, the areas of potential improvement in the use of anti-rheumatic agents, including the optimization of the drug choice and the timing of administration, are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology ; Biological Factors/pharmacology ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Child ; Humans ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/immunology ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/prevention & control ; Treatment Outcome ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Chemical Substances	Antirheumatic Agents ; Biological Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2279468-2
ISSN	1546-0096 ; 1546-0096
ISSN (online)	1546-0096
ISSN	1546-0096
DOI	10.1186/s12969-021-00559-5
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Article ; Online: Involvement of Inflammation in Venous Thromboembolic Disease: An Update in the Age of COVID-19.

Poredos, Peter / Poredos, Pavel

Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis

2021 Volume 48, Issue 1, Page(s) 93–99

Abstract: ... to prothrombotic state and thromboembolic events in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The growing ...

Abstract	The inflammatory process is strongly involved in the pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and has a significant role in disease prediction. Inflammation most probably represents a common denominator through which classical and nonclassical risk factors stimulate thrombotic process. Inflammation of the venous wall promotes the release of tissue factor, inhibits the release of anticoagulant factors, and hampers endogenous fibrinolysis. Systemic inflammatory response also inhibits restoration of blood flow in the occluded vessel. Recent studies indicate that increased inflammatory response ("cytokine storm") is related to prothrombotic state and thromboembolic events in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The growing evidence of involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of VTE indicates the importance of anti-inflammatory treatment and prevention of VTE. While aspirin was shown to be effective in prevention of recurrent venous thrombosis after treatment with anticoagulant drugs, some other anti-inflammatory drugs like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents may have prothrombotic effect, thus potentially increasing the risk of VTE. Recently, new specific anti-inflammatory drug inhibitors of inflammatory markers that have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of VTE are being searched. As thrombogenesis is based on activation of coagulation provoked by inflammation, then prevention and treatment of VTE should include both anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory agents. Combined treatment is related to increased risk of bleeding complications, therefore subtherapeutic doses of both drugs should be used to improve the efficacy of management of VTE without increasing the risk of bleeding.
MeSH term(s)	Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Venous Thromboembolism/drug therapy ; Venous Thromboembolism/etiology ; Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Anticoagulants
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	196901-8
ISSN	1098-9064 ; 0094-6176
ISSN (online)	1098-9064
ISSN	0094-6176
DOI	10.1055/s-0041-1732372
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Article ; Online: College health centers: An update on medical issues.

Nunez, Ariel Tassy

Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care

2024 Volume 54, Issue 5, Page(s) 101584

Abstract: ... in providing comprehensive care for this age group. As we move into a post-pandemic era, colleges and ... universities across the country continue to navigate all the changes that have been brought about by the COVID ...

Abstract	College health centers are an important source of health care for large numbers of young adults throughout the country. With 16.9 million students enrolled in 2023 in post-secondary institutions in the United States, the potential impact that health centers at these institutions have is significant. Late adolescence and early adulthood is a particularly vulnerable stage of both cognitive and psychosocial development, and college health centers that provide comprehensive medical and mental-health care play an important role in providing comprehensive care for this age group. As we move into a post-pandemic era, colleges and universities across the country continue to navigate all the changes that have been brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is perhaps now more important than ever to review and assess the clinical care college health centers provide, who they provide this care to, and identify opportunities for improvement and where there may be need for change.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Student Health Services/organization & administration ; United States ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Young Adult ; Universities ; Mental Health Services/organization & administration ; Pandemics ; Students/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2078029-1
ISSN	1538-3199 ; 0045-9380 ; 1538-5442
ISSN (online)	1538-3199
ISSN	0045-9380 ; 1538-5442
DOI	10.1016/j.cppeds.2024.101584
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Article ; Online: Association of COVID-19 with Comorbidities: An Update.

Chatterjee, Sayan / Nalla, Lakshmi Vineela / Sharma, Monika / Sharma, Nishant / Singh, Aditya A / Malim, Fehmina Mushtaque / Ghatage, Manasi / Mukarram, Mohd / Pawar, Abhijeet / Parihar, Nidhi / Arya, Neha / Khairnar, Amit

ACS pharmacology & translational science

2023 Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) 334–354

Abstract: ... the virus entry and the severity of COVID-19 infection. It has already been recognized that age-related ... with comorbid conditions such as age or concomitant illnesses are significant predictors of the disease's ... Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS ...

Abstract	Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and jeopardized human lives. It spreads at an unprecedented rate worldwide, with serious and still-unfolding health conditions and economic ramifications. Based on the clinical investigations, the severity of COVID-19 appears to be highly variable, ranging from mild to severe infections including the death of an infected individual. To add to this, patients with comorbid conditions such as age or concomitant illnesses are significant predictors of the disease's severity and progression. SARS-CoV-2 enters inside the host cells through ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme2) receptor expression; therefore, comorbidities associated with higher ACE2 expression may enhance the virus entry and the severity of COVID-19 infection. It has already been recognized that age-related comorbidities such as Parkinson's disease, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases may lead to life-threatening illnesses in COVID-19-infected patients. COVID-19 infection results in the excessive release of cytokines, called "cytokine storm", which causes the worsening of comorbid disease conditions. Different mechanisms of COVID-19 infections leading to intensive care unit (ICU) admissions or deaths have been hypothesized. This review provides insights into the relationship between various comorbidities and COVID-19 infection. We further discuss the potential pathophysiological correlation between COVID-19 disease and comorbidities with the medical interventions for comorbid patients. Toward the end, different therapeutic options have been discussed for COVID-19-infected comorbid patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2575-9108
ISSN (online)	2575-9108
DOI	10.1021/acsptsci.2c00181
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Article ; Online: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: An Update.

Soni, Akshita / Kabra, S K / Lodha, Rakesh

Indian journal of pediatrics

2023 Volume 90, Issue 12, Page(s) 1245–1253

Abstract: ... in children under the age of one year, and it can also affect older children and adults, especially ... those with underlying medical conditions. In the post-COVID period, there seems to be an increase in the incidence ...

Abstract	Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious respiratory virus that can cause mild to severe illness in children. It is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children under the age of one year, and it can also affect older children and adults, especially those with underlying medical conditions. In the post-COVID period, there seems to be an increase in the incidence, possibly due to 'immunity debt'. Symptoms of RSV infection in children may include fever, runny nose, and cough. In severe cases, it can lead to bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lungs) or pneumonia (infection of the lungs). Most children with RSV infection recover within a week or two, but some may require hospitalization, especially those who are premature or have underlying medical conditions. As there is no specific treatment for RSV infection, supportive care is the mainstay of management. In severe cases, oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation may be necessary. High flow nasal cannula seems to be beneficial. There have been promising advances in development of RSV vaccines; few trials in adults and pregnant women have reported encouraging results. The US FDA has approved two RSV vaccines for use in older adults (GSK's Arexvy and Pfizer's ABRYSVO).
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Child ; Humans ; Female ; Infant ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ; Bronchiolitis/complications ; Lung
Chemical Substances	Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	218231-2
ISSN	0973-7693 ; 0019-5456
ISSN (online)	0973-7693
ISSN	0019-5456
DOI	10.1007/s12098-023-04613-w
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