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Article: Acute phase response in animals: a review.

Cray, Carolyn / Zaias, Julia / Altman, Norman H

2009 Volume 59, Issue 6, Page(s) 517–526

Abstract: The acute phase response is a complex systemic early-defense system activated by trauma, infection ... Acute phase proteins, an integral part of the acute phase response, have been a focus of many applications in human ... of the innate immune response involving physical and molecular barriers and responses that serve to prevent infection, clear ...

Abstract	The acute phase response is a complex systemic early-defense system activated by trauma, infection, stress, neoplasia, and inflammation. Although nonspecific, it serves as a core of the innate immune response involving physical and molecular barriers and responses that serve to prevent infection, clear potential pathogens, initiate inflammatory processes, and contribute to resolution and the healing process. Acute phase proteins, an integral part of the acute phase response, have been a focus of many applications in human diagnostic medicine and recently have been identified in common animal species. Potential applications to diagnosis, prognosis, assessment of animal health, and laboratory animal welfare are readily apparent.
MeSH term(s)	Acute-Phase Proteins/analysis ; Acute-Phase Reaction ; Animals ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Inflammation/diagnosis ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Prognosis ; Serum Amyloid A Protein/analysis
Chemical Substances	Acute-Phase Proteins ; Serum Amyloid A Protein ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-12-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2006425-1
ISSN	1532-0820 ; 0023-6764
ISSN	1532-0820 ; 0023-6764
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Article: Acute Phase Response in Animals: A Review

Cray, Carolyn / Zaias, Julia / Altman, Norman H

Comparative medicine. 2009 Dec., v. 59, no. 6

2009

Abstract	The acute phase response is a complex systemic early-defense system activated by trauma, infection, stress, neoplasia, and inflammation. Although nonspecific, it serves as a core of the innate immune response involving physical and molecular barriers and responses that serve to prevent infection, clear potential pathogens, initiate inflammatory processes, and contribute to resolution and the healing process. Acute phase proteins, an integral part of the acute phase response, have been a focus of many applications in human diagnostic medicine and recently have been identified in common animal species. Potential applications to diagnosis, prognosis, assessment of animal health, and laboratory animal welfare are readily apparent.
Keywords	animals ; immune response ; acute phase proteins ; animal diseases ; disease diagnosis ; animal health ; laboratory animals
Language	English
Dates of publication	2009-12
Size	p. 517-526.
Document type	Article
ISSN	1532-0820
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A review on acute phase response in parasitic blood diseases of ruminants.

Razavi, Seyed Mostafa / Yaghoobpour, Tina / Nazifi, Saeed

Research in veterinary science

2023 Volume 165, Page(s) 105055

Abstract: ... a few are also harmful to public health. The acute phase reaction (APR) is a complex, non-specific reaction ... To understand pathogenesis, we must study APR effects and acute phase proteins (APPs) alterations ... in regions where the distributions of the hosts, parasites, and vectors are convergent. They endanger animal production, and ...

Abstract	Parasitic blood diseases (theileriosis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and trypanosomiasis) are common in regions where the distributions of the hosts, parasites, and vectors are convergent. They endanger animal production, and a few are also harmful to public health. The acute phase reaction (APR) is a complex, non-specific reaction that occurs in various events, including surgical trauma, infection, stress, inflammation, and neoplasia. To understand pathogenesis, we must study APR effects and acute phase proteins (APPs) alterations in naturally occurring and experimental infections. The elevation of haptoglobin (Hp), Serum amyloid A (SAA), and fibrinogen concentrations was markedly significant in bovine and ovine theileriosis. Hp, SAA, ceruloplasmin, and fibrinogen concentrations in anaplasmosis were dramatically elevated. A significant increase in SAA was observed in bovine babesiosis, while ovine babesiosis showed a significant rise in sialic acid levels. In cases of trypanosomiasis caused by T. vivax, there have been reports of elevated levels of Hp, complement C3, and antitrypsin. Improving our understanding of APR could result in more effective methods for diagnosis, treatment, control, and eradication of diseases. The article provides an overview of APPs alterations and other inflammation-related parameters (some cytokines, adenosine deaminase, and sialic acids) in parasitic blood diseases of ruminants.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Sheep ; Cattle ; Theileriasis ; Acute-Phase Reaction/veterinary ; Anaplasmosis ; Parasites ; Babesiosis/parasitology ; Serum Amyloid A Protein/metabolism ; Ruminants ; Haptoglobins/metabolism ; Fibrinogen ; Trypanosomiasis/veterinary ; Hematologic Diseases/veterinary ; Cattle Diseases ; Sheep Diseases
Chemical Substances	Serum Amyloid A Protein ; Haptoglobins ; Fibrinogen (9001-32-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	840961-4
ISSN	1532-2661 ; 0034-5288
ISSN (online)	1532-2661
ISSN	0034-5288
DOI	10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105055
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Article ; Online: Local Production of Acute Phase Proteins: A Defense Reaction of Cancer Cells to Injury with Focus on Fibrinogen.

Hamar, Péter

International journal of molecular sciences

2024 Volume 25, Issue 6

Abstract: This review is intended to demonstrate that the local production of acute phase proteins (termed ... local acute phase response (lAPR)) and especially fibrin/fibrinogen (FN) is a defense mechanism ... the heat shock response (HSR). In this review, we demonstrate a potential synergism between FN inhibition and mEHT ...

Abstract	This review is intended to demonstrate that the local production of acute phase proteins (termed local acute phase response (lAPR)) and especially fibrin/fibrinogen (FN) is a defense mechanism of cancer cells to therapy, and inhibition of the lAPR can augment the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Previously we detected a lAPR accompanying tumor cell death during the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) in mice. We observed a similar lAPR in in hypoxic mouse kidneys. In both models, production of FN chains was predominant among the locally produced acute phase proteins. The production and extracellular release of FN into the tumor microenvironment is a known method of self-defense in tumor cells. We propose that the lAPR is a new, novel cellular defense mechanism like the heat shock response (HSR). In this review, we demonstrate a potential synergism between FN inhibition and mEHT in cancer treatment, suggesting that the effectiveness of mEHT and chemotherapy can be enhanced by inhibiting the HSR and/or the lAPR. Non-anticoagulant inhibition of FN offers potential new therapeutic options for cancer treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Fibrinogen ; Acute-Phase Proteins ; Hyperthermia, Induced/methods ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Tumor Microenvironment
Chemical Substances	Fibrinogen (9001-32-5) ; Acute-Phase Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms25063435
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Article ; Online: Immunology of Acute and Chronic Wound Healing.

Raziyeva, Kamila / Kim, Yevgeniy / Zharkinbekov, Zharylkasyn / Kassymbek, Kuat / Jimi, Shiro / Saparov, Arman

Biomolecules

2021 Volume 11, Issue 5

Abstract: ... In this review, we discuss the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic ... overestimated in reports. Cutaneous wounds are generally classified into acute and chronic. The immune response ... wounds. Furthermore, we review the latest immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies, including modifying ...

Abstract	Skin wounds greatly affect the global healthcare system, creating a substantial burden on the economy and society. Moreover, the situation is exacerbated by low healing rates, which in fact are overestimated in reports. Cutaneous wounds are generally classified into acute and chronic. The immune response plays an important role during acute wound healing. The activation of immune cells and factors initiate the inflammatory process, facilitate wound cleansing and promote subsequent tissue healing. However, dysregulation of the immune system during the wound healing process leads to persistent inflammation and delayed healing, which ultimately result in chronic wounds. The microenvironment of a chronic wound is characterized by high quantities of pro-inflammatory macrophages, overexpression of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-1β, increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases and abundance of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, chronic wounds are frequently complicated by bacterial biofilms, which perpetuate the inflammatory phase. Continuous inflammation and microbial biofilms make it very difficult for the chronic wounds to heal. In this review, we discuss the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic wounds. Furthermore, we review the latest immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies, including modifying macrophage phenotype, regulating miRNA expression and targeting pro- and anti-inflammatory factors to improve wound healing.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptive Immunity ; Animals ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Wound Healing/immunology
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; IL1B protein, human ; Interleukin-1beta ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; TNF protein, human ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Matrix Metalloproteinases (EC 3.4.24.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2701262-1
ISSN	2218-273X ; 2218-273X
ISSN (online)	2218-273X
ISSN	2218-273X
DOI	10.3390/biom11050700
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Article ; Online: Toll-Like Receptors in Acute Kidney Injury.

Vázquez-Carballo, Cristina / Guerrero-Hue, Melania / García-Caballero, Cristina / Rayego-Mateos, Sandra / Opazo-Ríos, Lucas / Morgado-Pascual, José Luis / Herencia-Bellido, Carmen / Vallejo-Mudarra, Mercedes / Cortegano, Isabel / Gaspar, María Luisa / de Andrés, Belén / Egido, Jesús / Moreno, Juan Antonio

International journal of molecular sciences

2021 Volume 22, Issue 2

Abstract: ... show the pathological role of inflammation in AKI, not only at the acute phase but also ... renal damage during AKI. In this review, we updated recent knowledge about the role of TLRs, mainly TLR4 ... response and have been associated to many cellular processes activated during AKI. For that reason ...

Abstract	Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important health problem, affecting 13.3 million individuals/year. It is associated with increased mortality, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, where renal replacement therapy is limited. Moreover, survivors show adverse long-term outcomes, including increased risk of developing recurrent AKI bouts, cardiovascular events, and chronic kidney disease. However, there are no specific treatments to decrease the adverse consequences of AKI. Epidemiological and preclinical studies show the pathological role of inflammation in AKI, not only at the acute phase but also in the progression to chronic kidney disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key regulators of the inflammatory response and have been associated to many cellular processes activated during AKI. For that reason, a number of anti-inflammatory agents targeting TLRs have been analyzed in preclinical studies to decrease renal damage during AKI. In this review, we updated recent knowledge about the role of TLRs, mainly TLR4, in the initiation and development of AKI as well as novel compounds targeting these molecules to diminish kidney injury associated to this pathological condition.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Kidney Injury/metabolism ; Acute Kidney Injury/therapy ; Animals ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney/pathology ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy ; Renal Replacement Therapy/methods ; Risk Factors ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Toll-Like Receptors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms22020816
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Article ; Online: Biomarkers of sepsis in pigs, horses and cattle: from acute phase proteins to procalcitonin.

López-Martínez, M J / Franco-Martínez, L / Martínez-Subiela, S / Cerón, J J

Animal health research reviews

2022 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 82–99

Abstract: ... When sepsis is suspected in animals, the most frequently used biomarkers are acute phase proteins such as C ... information on the application of these biomarkers in veterinary species. This review aims to describe ... Sepsis is a complex clinical syndrome triggered by an inflammatory host response to an infection ...

Abstract	Sepsis is a complex clinical syndrome triggered by an inflammatory host response to an infection. It is usually complicated to detect and diagnose, and has severe consequences in human and veterinary health, especially when treatment is not started early. Therefore, efforts to detect sepsis accurately are needed. In addition, its proper diagnosis could reduce the misuse of antibiotics, which is essential fighting against antimicrobial resistance. This case is a particular issue in farm animals, as antibiotics have been traditionally given massively, but now they are becoming increasingly restricted. When sepsis is suspected in animals, the most frequently used biomarkers are acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, but their concentrations can increase in other inflammatory conditions. In human patients, the most promising biomarkers to detect sepsis are currently procalcitonin and presepsin, and there is a wide range of other biomarkers under study. However, there is little information on the application of these biomarkers in veterinary species. This review aims to describe the general concepts of sepsis and the current knowledge about the biomarkers of sepsis in pigs, horses, and cattle and to discuss possible advances in the field.
MeSH term(s)	Acute-Phase Proteins ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomarkers ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/diagnosis ; Horse Diseases ; Horses ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; Peptide Fragments ; Procalcitonin ; Sepsis/diagnosis ; Sepsis/veterinary ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/diagnosis
Chemical Substances	Acute-Phase Proteins ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biomarkers ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; Peptide Fragments ; Procalcitonin ; presepsin protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2072117-1
ISSN	1475-2654 ; 1466-2523
ISSN (online)	1475-2654
ISSN	1466-2523
DOI	10.1017/S1466252322000019
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Article ; Online: Netrin-1: A Modulator of Macrophage Driven Acute and Chronic Inflammation.

Ziegon, Laura / Schlegel, Martin

International journal of molecular sciences

2021 Volume 23, Issue 1

Abstract: ... In response to pathogen-induced acute injury, monocytes are rapidly recruited to damaged tissue as the first ... the adaptive immune response, and promote wound healing in the resolution phase. On the other hand, dysregulated macrophages ... the maintenance-and even the progression-of chronic inflammation. In this review article, we will highlight ...

Abstract	Netrins belong to the family of laminin-like secreted proteins, which guide axonal migration and neuronal growth in the developing central nervous system. Over the last 20 years, it has been established that netrin-1 acts as a chemoattractive or chemorepulsive cue in diverse biological processes far beyond neuronal development. Netrin-1 has been shown to play a central role in cell adhesion, cell migration, proliferation, and cell survival in neuronal and non-neuronal tissue. In this context, netrin-1 was found to orchestrate organogenesis, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and inflammation. In inflammation, as in neuronal development, netrin-1 plays a dichotomous role directing the migration of leukocytes, especially monocytes in the inflamed tissue. Monocyte-derived macrophages have long been known for a similar dual role in inflammation. In response to pathogen-induced acute injury, monocytes are rapidly recruited to damaged tissue as the first line of immune defense to phagocyte pathogens, present antigens to initiate the adaptive immune response, and promote wound healing in the resolution phase. On the other hand, dysregulated macrophages with impaired phagocytosis and egress capacity accumulate in chronic inflammation sites and foster the maintenance-and even the progression-of chronic inflammation. In this review article, we will highlight the dichotomous roles of netrin-1 and its impact on acute and chronic inflammation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chemotactic Factors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Inflammation/pathology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Netrin-1/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Chemotactic Factors ; Netrin-1 (158651-98-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms23010275
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Article ; Online: Acute Kidney Injury.

Zuk, Anna / Bonventre, Joseph V

Annual review of medicine

2016 Volume 67, Page(s) 293–307

Abstract: ... the innate immune response. Maladaptive repair mechanisms that persist following the acute phase promote inflammation and ... targets. We review recent findings relating to the renal vasculature and cellular stress responses ... primarily the intersection of the unfolded protein response, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and ...

Abstract	Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a global public health concern associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Other than dialysis, no therapeutic interventions reliably improve survival, limit injury, or speed recovery. Despite recognized shortcomings of in vivo animal models, the underlying pathophysiology of AKI and its consequence, chronic kidney disease (CKD), is rich with biological targets. We review recent findings relating to the renal vasculature and cellular stress responses, primarily the intersection of the unfolded protein response, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and the innate immune response. Maladaptive repair mechanisms that persist following the acute phase promote inflammation and fibrosis in the chronic phase. Here macrophages, growth-arrested tubular epithelial cells, the endothelium, and surrounding pericytes are key players in the progression to chronic disease. Better understanding of these complex interacting pathophysiological mechanisms, their relative importance in humans, and the utility of biomarkers will lead to therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat AKI or impede progression to CKD or end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
MeSH term(s)	Abbreviated Injury Scale ; Acute Kidney Injury/etiology ; Acute Kidney Injury/pathology ; Acute Kidney Injury/physiopathology ; Animals ; Autophagy ; Biomarkers/blood ; Biomarkers/urine ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Humans ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Kidney/blood supply ; Microvessels ; Mitochondria/physiology
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	207930-6
ISSN	1545-326X ; 0066-4219
ISSN (online)	1545-326X
ISSN	0066-4219
DOI	10.1146/annurev-med-050214-013407
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Article: Biomarkers of sepsis in pigs, horses and cattle: from acute phase proteins to procalcitonin

López-Martínez, M. J. / Franco-Martínez, L. / Martínez-Subiela, S. / Cerón, J. J.

Animal health research reviews. 2022 June, v. 23, no. 1

2022

Abstract	Sepsis is a complex clinical syndrome triggered by an inflammatory host response to an infection. It is usually complicated to detect and diagnose, and has severe consequences in human and veterinary health, especially when treatment is not started early. Therefore, efforts to detect sepsis accurately are needed. In addition, its proper diagnosis could reduce the misuse of antibiotics, which is essential fighting against antimicrobial resistance. This case is a particular issue in farm animals, as antibiotics have been traditionally given massively, but now they are becoming increasingly restricted. When sepsis is suspected in animals, the most frequently used biomarkers are acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, but their concentrations can increase in other inflammatory conditions. In human patients, the most promising biomarkers to detect sepsis are currently procalcitonin and presepsin, and there is a wide range of other biomarkers under study. However, there is little information on the application of these biomarkers in veterinary species. This review aims to describe the general concepts of sepsis and the current knowledge about the biomarkers of sepsis in pigs, horses, and cattle and to discuss possible advances in the field.
Keywords	C-reactive protein ; amyloid ; animal health ; antibiotic resistance ; biomarkers ; blood serum ; cattle ; farms ; haptoglobins ; humans ; research
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-06
Size	p. 82-99.
Publishing place	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2072117-1
ISSN	1475-2654 ; 1466-2523
ISSN (online)	1475-2654
ISSN	1466-2523
DOI	10.1017/S1466252322000019
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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