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  1. Article ; Online: Obesity population at risk of COVID-19 complications.

    Cuschieri, Sarah / Grech, Stephan

    Global health, epidemiology and genomics

    2020  Volume 5, Page(s) e6

    Abstract: ... Conclusion: The obese population is a COVID-19 vulnerable group, requiring special attention during ... Introduction: Global public health is challenged by two concurrent epidemics; COVID-19 and obesity ... Considering the global prevalence of obesity, exploring relationships with COVID-19 are of clinical importance ...

    Abstract Introduction: Global public health is challenged by two concurrent epidemics; COVID-19 and obesity. Considering the global prevalence of obesity, exploring relationships with COVID-19 are of clinical importance. The aim was to provide a comprehensive summary and recommendations on this relationship between COVID-19 and obesity.
    Method: A literature search was performed to prepare a narrative review of COVID-19 and obesity.
    Results: An obesity state promotes chronic inflammation, vitamin D deficiency, hinders immunity and causes mechanical lung compression. These increase susceptibilities to COVID-19 infection, complications including the requirement of invasive ventilation. Existing co-morbidities enhances these complications. Preventive measures of social distancing and self-isolation may increase stigmatisation and psychological deterrents. Hence, special recommendations targeting this vulnerable population are required.
    Conclusion: The obese population is a COVID-19 vulnerable group, requiring special attention during this pandemic to avoid complications and healthcare systems burden. Lacking COVID-19 vaccination, regular physical activity and a healthy diet are recommended with attention to mental health. A prolonged quarantine duration and administration of prophylactic vitamin D may be considered.
    MeSH term(s) Body Mass Index ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/physiopathology ; Diet/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Mental Health ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Quarantine/statistics & numerical data ; Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Sedentary Behavior ; Severity of Illness Index ; Vulnerable Populations/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2054-4200
    ISSN (online) 2054-4200
    DOI 10.1017/gheg.2020.6
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  2. Article ; Online: Obesity population at risk of COVID-19 complications

    Cuschieri, Sarah / Grech, Stephan

    Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics

    2020  Volume 5

    Abstract: ... this vulnerable population are required. Conclusion The obese population is a COVID-19 vulnerable group, requiring special ... obesity. Considering the global prevalence of obesity, exploring relationships with COVID-19 are ... on this relationship between COVID-19 and obesity. Method A literature search was performed to prepare a narrative ...

    Abstract Abstract Introduction Global public health is challenged by two concurrent epidemics; COVID-19 and obesity. Considering the global prevalence of obesity, exploring relationships with COVID-19 are of clinical importance. The aim was to provide a comprehensive summary and recommendations on this relationship between COVID-19 and obesity. Method A literature search was performed to prepare a narrative review of COVID-19 and obesity. Results An obesity state promotes chronic inflammation, vitamin D deficiency, hinders immunity and causes mechanical lung compression. These increase susceptibilities to COVID-19 infection, complications including the requirement of invasive ventilation. Existing co-morbidities enhances these complications. Preventive measures of social distancing and self-isolation may increase stigmatisation and psychological deterrents. Hence, special recommendations targeting this vulnerable population are required. Conclusion The obese population is a COVID-19 vulnerable group, requiring special attention during this pandemic to avoid complications and healthcare systems burden. Lacking COVID-19 vaccination, regular physical activity and a healthy diet are recommended with attention to mental health. A prolonged quarantine duration and administration of prophylactic vitamin D may be considered.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 2054-4200
    DOI 10.1017/gheg.2020.6
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Obesity and mortality in patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis of prospective studies.

    Cho, Heram / Park, Yunseo / Myung, Seung-Kwon

    Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition

    2024  Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 56–65

    Abstract: ... We found that obesity is associated with the increased risk of mortality in patients of COVID-19. ... on the associ-ation between obesity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate ... with the increased mortality in patients with COVID-19 in both population- and hospital-based data.: Conclusions ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: Previous prospective studies have reported inconsistent findings on the associ-ation between obesity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the associa-tion between them by using a meta-analysis of prospective studies.
    Methods and study design: We searched PubMed and EMBASE to retrieve studies using keywords related to this topic on January 3, 2022. Data were extracted for a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate a pooled odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), or hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
    Results: In the meta-analysis of 15 prospective cohort studies, obesity significantly increased the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19 (OR/RR/HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.84; I2 = 90.4%). Most of the included studies were conducted in European (n = 10) and North American (n = 4) countries. In the subgroup meta-analysis by continent, there was a significant association between them in European countries (OR/RR/HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.43; I2 = 81.4%). Also, in the subgroup meta-analysis by data source, obesity was significantly associated with the increased mortality in patients with COVID-19 in both population- and hospital-based data.
    Conclusions: We found that obesity is associated with the increased risk of mortality in patients of COVID-19.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; Prospective Studies ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-17
    Publishing country China
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1460012-2
    ISSN 1440-6047 ; 0964-7058
    ISSN (online) 1440-6047
    ISSN 0964-7058
    DOI 10.6133/apjcn.202403_33(1).0007
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  4. Article ; Online: Metabolic complications of obesity in children and adolescents.

    Park, Hyunjin / Choi, Jung Eun / Jun, Seunghee / Lee, Hyelim / Kim, Hae Soon / Lee, Hye Ah / Park, Hyesook

    Clinical and experimental pediatrics

    2023  

    Abstract: The global prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, is ... affecting not only school-aged children but also preschoolers. Early-onset obesity, along with a higher risk ... These indicators may help explain and early detect metabolic complications associated with pediatric obesity ...

    Abstract The global prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, is affecting not only school-aged children but also preschoolers. Early-onset obesity, along with a higher risk of metabolic complications, may contribute to a lower age of onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As metabolic diseases such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) observed in adulthood are increasingly recognized in the pediatric population, there is an emphasis on moving disease susceptibility assessment from adulthood to childhood for early detection. Unlike adults, there is a lack of consensus in the definition of metabolic diseases in children. In response to this, various indicators such as pediatric simple metabolic syndrome score (PsiMS), continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS), single point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE), and fatty liver index (FLI) have been proposed in several studies. These indicators may help explain and early detect metabolic complications associated with pediatric obesity, although more validity studies are needed. Meanwhile, obesity assessment is shifting its perspective from visual obesity to metabolic health and body composition considerations to fill the gap in health impact assessment. Sarcopenic obesity, defined as muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR), has been proposed in pediatric populations and has also been found to be associated with metabolic health in children and adolescents. The National health screening program for children in Korea has expanded but still faces limitations in laboratory testing. These tests facilitate timely intervention by identifying high-risk groups for metabolic complications. Early detection and intervention through comprehensive health screening are critical to mitigate long-term complications of childhood obesity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-16
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2713-4148
    ISSN (online) 2713-4148
    DOI 10.3345/cep.2023.00892
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  5. Article ; Online: Climate Change and Obesity.

    Koch, Christian A / Sharda, Pankaj / Patel, Jay / Gubbi, Sriram / Bansal, Rashika / Bartel, Michael J

    Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme

    2021  Volume 53, Issue 9, Page(s) 575–587

    Abstract: ... billion in 2020 along with rising obesity rates since the 1980s. The current Covid-19 pandemic has caused ... from hunger in poor populations and death from severe infection with Covid-19 and its virus variants. There is ... mankind. Most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic arose as a new challenge. We here attempt to delineate ...

    Abstract Global warming and the rising prevalence of obesity are well described challenges of current mankind. Most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic arose as a new challenge. We here attempt to delineate their relationship with each other from our perspective. Global greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels have exponentially increased since 1950. The main contributors to such greenhouse gas emissions are manufacturing and construction, transport, residential, commercial, agriculture, and land use change and forestry, combined with an increasing global population growth from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.8 billion in 2020 along with rising obesity rates since the 1980s. The current Covid-19 pandemic has caused some decline in greenhouse gas emissions by limiting mobility globally via repetitive lockdowns. Following multiple lockdowns, there was further increase in obesity in wealthier populations, malnutrition from hunger in poor populations and death from severe infection with Covid-19 and its virus variants. There is a bidirectional relationship between adiposity and global warming. With rising atmospheric air temperatures, people typically will have less adaptive thermogenesis and become less physically active, while they are producing a higher carbon footprint. To reduce obesity rates, one should be willing to learn more about the environmental impact, how to minimize consumption of energy generating carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, and to reduce food waste. Diets lower in meat such as a Mediterranean diet, have been estimated to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 72%, land use by 58%, and energy consumption by 52%.
    MeSH term(s) Agriculture/economics ; Agriculture/trends ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/pathology ; Climate Change/history ; Comorbidity ; Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity ; Environment ; Environmental Exposure/history ; Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Greenhouse Gases/toxicity ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/etiology ; Obesity/metabolism ; Pandemics ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Endocrine Disruptors ; Greenhouse Gases
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-08
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80125-2
    ISSN 1439-4286 ; 0018-5043
    ISSN (online) 1439-4286
    ISSN 0018-5043
    DOI 10.1055/a-1533-2861
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    Zs.A 681: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Obesity and COVID-19 Pandemics

    Yang Y / Song Y / Hou D

    Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, Vol Volume 16, Pp 4147-

    Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Management

    2023  Volume 4156

    Abstract: ... the interaction between COVID-19 and obesity has exaggerated the disease burden of obesity more than ever ... the greatest threat to global health. Emerging evidence has associated obesity with an increased risk of severe ... severe illness from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in obesity population ...

    Abstract Yanping Yang,1 Yuanlin Song,1– 3 Dongni Hou2 1Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Dongni Hou, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Email houdn2014@126.comAbstract: Obesity is a principle causative factor of various metabolic dysfunctions, chronic inflammation, and multi-organ impairment. The global epidemic of obesity has constituted the greatest threat to global health. Emerging evidence has associated obesity with an increased risk of severe infection and poor outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). During current COVID-19 pandemic, the interaction between COVID-19 and obesity has exaggerated the disease burden of obesity more than ever before. Thus, there is an urgent need for consideration of universal measures to reduce the risk of complications and severe illness from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in obesity population. In this review, we first summarized the clinical evidence on the effect of obesity on susceptibility, severity, and prognosis of COVID-19. Then we discussed and the underlying mechanisms, including respiratory pathophysiology of obesity, dysregulated inflammation, upregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, hyperglycemia, and adipokines. Finally, we proposed recommendations on how to reduce the spread and pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection by prevention and treatment of obesity.Keywords: obesity, COVID-19, metabolic syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, inflammation
    Keywords obesity ; covid-19 ; metabolic syndrome ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ; inflammation ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Dove Medical Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Fighting the obesity pandemic during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Grubbs, Jordan E / Daigle, Haley J / Shepherd, Megan / Heidel, Robert E / Kleppe, Kyle L / Mancini, Matthew L / Mancini, Gregory J

    Surgical endoscopy

    2022  Volume 37, Issue 6, Page(s) 4895–4901

    Abstract: ... a high risk of death from COVID-19. Prior literature shows the most effective way to combat obesity is ... Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created delays in surgical care. The population with obesity has ... be safe for low-risk patients. Complications such as DVT, PE, infection, and anastomotic leaks ...

    Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created delays in surgical care. The population with obesity has a high risk of death from COVID-19. Prior literature shows the most effective way to combat obesity is by weight loss surgery. At different times throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, elective inpatient surgeries have been halted due to bed availability. Recognizing that major complications following bariatric surgery are extremely low (bleeding 0-4%, anastomotic leaks 0.8%), we felt outpatient bariatric surgery would be safe for low-risk patients. Complications such as DVT, PE, infection, and anastomotic leaks typically present after 7 days postoperatively, well outside the usual length of stay. Bleeding events, severe postoperative nausea, and dehydration typically occur in the first few days postoperatively. We designed a pathway focused on detecting and preventing these early post-op complications to allow safe outpatient bariatric surgery.
    Methods: We used a preoperative evaluation tool to risk stratify bariatric patients. During a 16-month period, 89 patients were identified as low risk for outpatient surgery. We designed a postoperative protocol that included IV hydration and PO intake goals to meet a safe discharge. We sent patients home with a pulse oximeter and had them self-monitor their pulse and oxygen saturation. We called all patients at 10 pm for a postoperative assessment and report of their vitals. Patients returned to clinic the following day and were seen by a provider, received IV hydration, and labs were drawn.
    Results: 80 of 89 patients (89.8%) were successfully discharged on POD 0. 3 patients were readmitted within 30 days. We had zero deaths in our study cohort and no morbidity that would have been prevented with postoperative admission.
    Conclusion: We demonstrate that by identifying low-risk patients for outpatient bariatric surgery and by implementing remote monitoring of vitals early outpatient follow-up, we were able to safely perform outpatient bariatric surgery.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Obesity, Morbid/surgery ; Obesity, Morbid/epidemiology ; Anastomotic Leak/etiology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/surgery ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Bariatric Surgery/methods ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-26
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639039-0
    ISSN 1432-2218 ; 0930-2794
    ISSN (online) 1432-2218
    ISSN 0930-2794
    DOI 10.1007/s00464-022-09628-6
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    Zs.A 2214: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Progress in pediatric obesity: new and advanced therapies.

    Cuda, Suzanne / Censani, Marisa

    Current opinion in pediatrics

    2022  Volume 34, Issue 4, Page(s) 407–413

    Abstract: ... findings: COVID-19 increased the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents. This population is ... of children and adolescents with obesity. We review the impact of COVID-19 on this vulnerable population ... obesity continues. COVID-19 and the associated isolation contributed to the problem. However, promising ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: In this review, we discuss new medical and surgical options for the treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. We review the impact of COVID-19 on this vulnerable population. We also discuss the recent availability of screening tests for rare genetic causes of obesity.
    Recent findings: COVID-19 increased the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents. This population is at increased risk for severe disease. The field of pediatric obesity has benefited from the approval of two new antiobesity medications: liraglutide and setmelanotide. We discuss indications for their use. New guidelines for surgical options for the treatment of children and adolescents with obesity are reviewed. These options are increasingly used as part of the comprehensive care for these children.
    Summary: The epidemic of childhood obesity continues. COVID-19 and the associated isolation contributed to the problem. However, promising new medical and surgical therapies and screening tests for rare genetic causes of obesity are available. These new diagnostic and therapeutic options bring renewed enthusiasm to the treatment of children and adolescents with obesity and increased recognition that obesity is a chronic disease starting in childhood deserving intervention to prevent consequences.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Pediatric Obesity/complications ; Pediatric Obesity/diagnosis ; Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology ; Prevalence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1049374-8
    ISSN 1531-698X ; 1040-8703
    ISSN (online) 1531-698X
    ISSN 1040-8703
    DOI 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001150
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  9. Article ; Online: Obesity: A comorbidity-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (CAIDS).

    Siopis, George

    International reviews of immunology

    2022  Volume 42, Issue 6, Page(s) 415–429

    Abstract: ... Similarly, obesity should be acknowledged further as a risk factor for mortality from COVID-19. Obesity is ... 2019 (COVID-19), including mortality. Obesity interferes with several components of the immune system ... this weakened immune system in people with obesity to precipitate COVID-19, and in some cases death. It is ...

    Abstract Accumulating data emphasize a strong link between obesity and the severity of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), including mortality. Obesity interferes with several components of the immune system including lymphoid tissue's integrity, leukocytes' development and function, complement system's activation, and the coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses. Overall, obesity results in a less efficient immune response to infectious agents. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exploits this weakened immune system in people with obesity to precipitate COVID-19, and in some cases death. It is therefore the author's recommendation that obesity should be viewed as another form of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and be treated with the appropriate seriousness. Unlike the previously described acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) that is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), obesity is a comorbidity-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. People with AIDS do not die from HIV, but may die from opportunistic pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, AIDS is ascribed its due importance in the course of deterioration of the patient. Similarly, obesity should be acknowledged further as a risk factor for mortality from COVID-19. Obesity is a modifiable condition and even in people with a strong genetic predisposition, lifestyle modifications can reverse obesity, and even moderate weight loss can improve the inflammatory milieu. Strong public health actions are warranted to promote lifestyle measures to reduce the burden from overweight and obesity that currently affect more than one-third of the global population, with projections alarming this may reach 55-80% within the next thirty years.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/complications ; Comorbidity ; HIV ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632825-8
    ISSN 1563-5244 ; 1545-5858 ; 0883-0185
    ISSN (online) 1563-5244 ; 1545-5858
    ISSN 0883-0185
    DOI 10.1080/08830185.2022.2083614
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  10. Article ; Online: Obesity, overweight, and severe prognosis in COVID-19 patients in Japan.

    Kadowaki, Tomoka / Matsumoto, Naomi / Matsuo, Rumi / Mitsuhashi, Toshiharu / Sasaki, Ayako / Takao, Soshi / Yorifuji, Takashi

    Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 12, Page(s) 1109–1113

    Abstract: ... were associated with the increased risk of severe COVID-19 in all age categories. The RRs (95% CI ... with increased risk of severe COVID-19. This study suggests the importance of the overweight category to predict ... the risk of severe COVID-19 in Asians. ...

    Abstract Introduction: Obesity (i.e., body mass index [BMI] of 30 kg/m
    Methods: The study population included COVID-19 patients who had been enrolled in the registry of the Okayama City Public Health Center in Okayama, Japan, between March 2020 and June 2022. We included 27 820 patients who had information on BMI and prognosis, and we conducted Poisson regression analysis with robust error variance to estimate risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for severe outcomes.
    Results: Obesity and overweight were associated with the increased risk of severe COVID-19 in all age categories. The RRs (95% CI) for COVID-19 induced respiratory failure compared to the normal weight category were 1.57 (1.31-1.88) for overweight and 2.45 (1.90-3.15) for obesity.
    Conclusions: Both obesity and overweight were associated with increased risk of severe COVID-19. This study suggests the importance of the overweight category to predict the risk of severe COVID-19 in Asians.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Overweight/complications ; Overweight/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/complications ; Japan/epidemiology ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Body Mass Index ; Prognosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-07
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1355399-9
    ISSN 1437-7780 ; 1341-321X
    ISSN (online) 1437-7780
    ISSN 1341-321X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.08.004
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