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  1. Article ; Online: Arthropod-borne viruses transmitted by Phlebotomine sandflies in Europe: a review.

    Depaquit, J / Grandadam, M / Fouque, F / Andry, P E / Peyrefitte, C

    Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    2010  Volume 15, Issue 10, Page(s) 19507

    Abstract: ... in the Mediterranean Europe. In this paper, the viruses transmitted by Phlebotomine sandflies in Europe (Toscana virus ... Phlebotomine sandflies are known to transmit leishmaniases, bacteria and viruses that affect humans ... and animals in many countries worldwide. These sandfly-borne viruses are mainly the Phlebovirus ...

    Abstract Phlebotomine sandflies are known to transmit leishmaniases, bacteria and viruses that affect humans and animals in many countries worldwide. These sandfly-borne viruses are mainly the Phlebovirus, the Vesiculovirus and the Orbivirus. Some of these viruses are associated with outbreaks or human cases in the Mediterranean Europe. In this paper, the viruses transmitted by Phlebotomine sandflies in Europe (Toscana virus, Sicilian virus, sandfly fever Naples virus) are reviewed and their medical importance, geographical distribution, epidemiology and potential spreading discussed. Data on vertebrate reservoirs is sparse for sandfly fever viruses. The factor currently known to limit the spread of diseases is mainly the distribution areas of potential vectors. The distribution areas of the disease may not be restricted to the areas where they have been recorded but could be as wide as those of their vectors, that is to say Larroussius and P. papatasi mainly but not exclusively. Consequently, field work in form of viral isolation from sandflies and possible reservoirs as well as laboratory work to establish vectorial competence of colonised sandflies need to be encouraged in a near future, and epidemiological surveillance should be undertaken throughout the European Union.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Arbovirus Infections/epidemiology ; Arbovirus Infections/etiology ; Arbovirus Infections/transmission ; Disease Vectors ; Europe/epidemiology ; Geography ; Humans ; Phlebotomus/microbiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-03-11
    Publishing country Sweden
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1338803-4
    ISSN 1560-7917 ; 1025-496X
    ISSN (online) 1560-7917
    ISSN 1025-496X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 5066: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  2. Article ; Online: Low Incidence and Mortality from SARS-CoV-2 in Southern Europe. Proposal of a hypothesis for Arthropod borne Herd immunity.

    Balzan, Martin

    Medical hypotheses

    2020  Volume 143, Page(s) 110121

    Abstract: ... but without clinical disease causing direct immunity or (iii) by causing infection with other arthropod borne viruses ... proposed whereby repeated arthropod or sandfly vector infection of humans by novel viruses of zoonotic ... the relative distribution of arthropod borne diseases Leishmaniasis and Phlebovirus infections especially ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2 incidence and mortality in Europe have shown wide variation. Northern Italy in particular the Lombardy region, north-eastern French regions, Switzerland and Belgium were amongst the hardest hit, while the central and southern Italian regions, all the Balkan countries from Slovenia to Greece and the Islands of Malta and Cyprus had much fewer cases and deaths per capita, and deaths per number of cases. Differences in public health measures, and health care delivery, in the author's opinion, can only partly explain the difference. The geographical distribution of Phlebotomus sand-flies and the relative distribution of arthropod borne diseases Leishmaniasis and Phlebovirus infections especially the Sicilian Sandfly fever group corresponds to most areas of low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2. A hypothesis is proposed whereby repeated arthropod or sandfly vector infection of humans by novel viruses of zoonotic origins carrying bat or mammalian RNA/DNA, such as phleboviruses may have resulted in the development of an effective evolutionary immune response to most novel zoonotic viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 by means of survival of the fittest possibly over many generations. This process probably ran in parallel and concurrent with the progressive evolution of novel coronaviruses which spread from one mammalian species to another. Other possible, but less likely mechanisms for the role of sandfly meals within a much shorter time frame may have led to, (i) previous exposure and infection of humans with the SARS-Cov-2 virus itself, or a closely related corona virus in the previous decades, or (ii) exposure of human populations to parts coronavirus protein namely either S or more likely N protein carried mechanically by arthropods, but without clinical disease causing direct immunity or (iii) by causing infection with other arthropod borne viruses which could carry bat DNA/RNA and have similar functional proteins resulting in an immediate cross-reactive immune response rather than by natural selection. The Evidence possibly supporting or disputing this hypothesis is reviewed, however the major problem with the hypothesis is that to date no coronavirus has ever been isolated from arthropods. Such a hypothesis can only be supported by research investigating the possible biological relationship of arthropods and coronaviruses where paradoxically they may be promoting immunity rather than disease.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Arboviruses/immunology ; Armed Conflicts ; Arthropods/virology ; Betacoronavirus/immunology ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Cross Reactions ; Disease Reservoirs/virology ; Europe/epidemiology ; Host Specificity ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Immunity, Herd ; Incidence ; Insect Vectors/virology ; Italy ; Mammals/virology ; Pandemics ; Phlebotomus/virology ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sandfly fever Naples virus/immunology ; Selection, Genetic ; Species Specificity ; Viral Proteins/immunology ; Zoonoses
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Viral Proteins
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 193145-3
    ISSN 1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
    ISSN (online) 1532-2777
    ISSN 0306-9877
    DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110121
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1132: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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