Article ; Online: Characteristics of US Blood Donors Testing Reactive for Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Prior to the Availability of Authorized Vaccines.
2021 Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 1–7
Abstract: ... infection among blood donors in the United States, prior to authorized vaccine availability. We performed ... donors for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, as a measure to increase donations and to assist ... to investigate the characteristics of healthy blood donors who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 ...
| Abstract | In the United States, many blood collection organizations initiated programs to test all blood donors for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, as a measure to increase donations and to assist in the identification of potential donors of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP). As a result, it was possible to investigate the characteristics of healthy blood donors who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2. We report the findings from all blood donations collected by the American Red Cross, representing 40% of the national blood supply covering 44 States, in order to characterize the seroepidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection among blood donors in the United States, prior to authorized vaccine availability. We performed an observational cohort study from June 15th to November 30th, 2020 on a population of 1.531 million blood donors tested for antibodies to the S1 spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2 by person, place, time, ABO group and dynamics of test reactivity, with additional information from a survey of a subset of those with reactive test results. The overall seroreactivity was 4.22% increasing from 1.18 to 9.67% (June 2020 - November 2020); estimated incidence was 11.6 per hundred person-years, 1.86-times higher than that based upon reported cases in the general population over the same period. In multivariable analyses, seroreactivity was highest in the Midwest (5.21%), followed by the South (4.43%), West (3.43%) and Northeast (2.90%). Seroreactivity was highest among donors aged 18-24 (Odds Ratio 3.02 [95% Confidence Interval 2.80-3.26] vs age >55), African-Americans and Hispanics (1.50 [1.24-1.80] and 2.12 [1.89-2.36], respectively, vs Caucasian). Group O frequency was 51.5% among nonreactive, but 46.1% among seroreactive donors (P< .0001). Of surveyed donors, 45% reported no COVID-19-related symptoms, but 73% among those unaware of testing. Signal levels of antibody tests were stable over 120 days or more and there was little evidence of reinfection. Evaluation of a large population of healthy, voluntary blood donors provided evidence of widespread and increasing SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and demonstrated that at least 45% of those previously infected were asymptomatic. Epidemiologic findings were similar to those among clinically reported cases. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Asymptomatic Infections ; Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Donors ; COVID-19/blood ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/therapy ; COVID-19 Serological Testing ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Male ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult | |||||
| Chemical Substances | Antibodies, Viral ; Biomarkers ; COVID-19 Vaccines | |||||
| Language | English | |||||
| Publishing date | 2021-07-30 | |||||
| Publishing country | United States | |||||
| Document type | Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural | |||||
| ZDB-ID | 639107-2 | |||||
| ISSN | 1532-9496 ; 0887-7963 | |||||
| ISSN (online) | 1532-9496 | |||||
| ISSN | 0887-7963 | |||||
| DOI | 10.1016/j.tmrv.2021.07.001 | |||||
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| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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