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  1. Article: Orientation and color columns in monkey visual cortex.

    Dow, Bruce M

    Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

    2002  Volume 12, Issue 10, Page(s) 1005–1015

    Abstract: The literature on orientation and color columns in monkey visual cortex is reviewed ... is summarized suggesting that color is mapped continuously across the monkey's primary visual cortex ... of color columns, consistent with existing data, includes spectral and extra-spectral colors as spokes ...

    Abstract The literature on orientation and color columns in monkey visual cortex is reviewed. The orientation column model most consistent with existing data is one containing 'stripes' of alternating positive and negative orientation 'singularities' (cytochrome oxidase blobs) which run along the centers of ocular dominance (OD) columns, with horizontal and vertical orientations alternating at interblob centers. Evidence is summarized suggesting that color is mapped continuously across the monkey's primary visual cortex, with the ends of the spectrum located at 'red' and 'blue' cytochrome oxidase blobs and extra-spectral purple located between adjacent red and blue blobs in the same OD column. In the orientation column model, the 'linear zones' of Obermayer and Blasdel have the appearance of the lines on a pumpkin. A pinwheel model of color columns, consistent with existing data, includes spectral and extra-spectral colors as spokes. Spectral iso-color lines run across iso-orientation lines in linear zones, while extra-spectral iso-color lines occupy the 'saddle points' of Obermayer and Blasdel. The color column model accounts for closure of the perceptual color circle, as proposed by Isaac Newton in 1704, but does not account for color opponency.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Color Perception/physiology ; Humans ; Models, Neurological ; Orientation/physiology ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology ; Visual Cortex/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1077450-6
    ISSN 1460-2199 ; 1047-3211
    ISSN (online) 1460-2199
    ISSN 1047-3211
    DOI 10.1093/cercor/12.10.1005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 3235: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article: Color, orientation and cytochrome oxidase reactivity in areas V1, V2 and V4 of macaque monkey visual cortex.

    Yoshioka, T / Dow, B M

    Behavioural brain research

    1996  Volume 76, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 71–88

    Abstract: ... separation of color and orientation processing in neurons (n = 569) of the macaque visual cortex (V1, V2, V4 ... Color and orientation processing in the macaque monkey first segregates into cytochrome oxidase (CO ... that the visual system appears to optimize color and spatial acuity by separating chromatic information into non ...

    Abstract Color and orientation processing in the macaque monkey first segregates into cytochrome oxidase (CO)-rich blobs and -poor interblobs of area V1, from where the two streams flow through areas V2 and V4. This parallel representation is believed to enhance processing speed by compartmentalizing tasks of similar kinds, though our knowledge of the mechanisms is still elementary. We have examined the interaction and separation of color and orientation processing in neurons (n = 569) of the macaque visual cortex (V1, V2, V4) on the basis of microelectrode recordings. In all three areas, neurons selective for midspectral (MS) colors (e.g., yellow, green) were also found to be more orientation selective than those preferring endspectral (ES) colors (e.g., blue, red). The majority of achromatic (AC) cells responsive to bright stimuli were also orientation selective. When locations of cells and penetration columns were correlated with cytochrome oxidase (CO) landmarks in V1 and V2, V1 interblob and V2 interstripe cells were found to be predominantly midspectral and oriented, while V1 blob and V2 thin stripe cells were found to be predominantly endspectral and non-oriented. Cells preferring dark colors were found to cluster in thick stripes in V2, and in columns in V4. Separate clustering of midspectral (MS) and endspectral (ES) systems in V4 was also noted. With the results shown in a companion paper (Behav. Brain Res., 76 (1996) 51-70), the present data indicate that the visual system appears to optimize color and spatial acuity by separating chromatic information into non-oriented endspectral and oriented midspectral components.
    MeSH term(s) Action Potentials/physiology ; Action Potentials/radiation effects ; Animals ; Color Perception/physiology ; Electron Transport Complex IV/analysis ; Light ; Macaca fascicularis ; Neurons/classification ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Space Perception/physiology ; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology ; Visual Cortex/enzymology ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; Visual Pathways/anatomy & histology ; Visual Pathways/physiology
    Chemical Substances Electron Transport Complex IV (EC 1.9.3.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1996-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 449927-x
    ISSN 1872-7549 ; 0166-4328
    ISSN (online) 1872-7549
    ISSN 0166-4328
    DOI 10.1016/0166-4328(95)00184-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 1599: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article: Relationships between orientation-preference pinwheels, cytochrome oxidase blobs, and ocular-dominance columns in primate striate cortex.

    Bartfeld, E / Grinvald, A

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    1992  Volume 89, Issue 24, Page(s) 11905–11909

    Abstract: ... domains, subsystems underlying visual perception, were explored in primary visual cortex of macaque monkey ... The relationships between cytochrome oxidase blobs, ocular-dominance columns, and iso-orientation ... cortical area, the cytochrome oxidase blobs, thought to be involved in color processing, were also mapped ...

    Abstract The relationships between cytochrome oxidase blobs, ocular-dominance columns, and iso-orientation domains, subsystems underlying visual perception, were explored in primary visual cortex of macaque monkey. High-resolution maps of these three subsystems were acquired. Optical imaging based on activity-dependent intrinsic signals revealed that the most prominent organizational feature of orientation preference was a radial arrangement, forming a pinwheel-like structure surrounding a singularity point. More than 80% of these pinwheels were centered along the midline of ocular-dominance columns. The iso-orientation contours of adjacent pinwheels crossed borders of ocular-dominance columns at approximately right angles. Pinwheels with the same or opposite directions of orientation-preference change were smoothly connected with each other. On the average, all orientations were equally represented. In exactly the same cortical area, the cytochrome oxidase blobs, thought to be involved in color processing, were also mapped, using cytochrome oxidase histology. Like the centers of pinwheels, the centers of blobs also lie along the midline of ocular-dominance columns. However, the centers of pinwheels did not coincide with the centers of blobs; these two subsystems are spatially independent. "Hypercolumn" modules, each including two complete pinwheels in two adjacent columns of complementary ocularity, as well as portions of a few blobs, were frequently found but did not seem to be the primary unit of cortical organization. An alternative to hypercolumns is proposed.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Macaca fascicularis/anatomy & histology ; Macaca fascicularis/physiology ; Orientation ; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; Visual Perception/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 1992-12-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.89.24.11905
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 1148: Show issues Location:
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