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Article ; Online: Vaginitis: Review on Drug Resistance.

Rigo, Graziela Vargas / Tasca, Tiana

2020 Volume 21, Issue 16, Page(s) 1672–1686

Abstract: ... an important impact on public health. Among them, vaginitis refers to inflammation of the vulva and/or vagina ... ineffectiveness due to drug resistance. Effective alternative therapies to treat vaginitis will reduce ... are discussed in this review. This study aims to contribute to drug design, avoiding therapy ...

Abstract	Female genital tract infections have a high incidence among different age groups and represent an important impact on public health. Among them, vaginitis refers to inflammation of the vulva and/or vagina due to the presence of pathogens that cause trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis. Several discomforts are associated with these infections, as well as pregnancy complications and the facilitation of HIV transmission and acquisition. The increasing resistance of microorganisms to drugs used in therapy is remarkable, since women report the recurrence of these infections and associated comorbidities. Different resistant mechanisms already described for the drugs used in the therapy against Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida spp., and Gardnerella vaginalis, as well as aspects related to pathogenesis and treatment, are discussed in this review. This study aims to contribute to drug design, avoiding therapy ineffectiveness due to drug resistance. Effective alternative therapies to treat vaginitis will reduce the recurrence of infections and, consequently, the high costs generated in the health system, improving women's well-being.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/drug therapy ; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Trichomonas Infections/drug therapy ; Trichomonas Infections/microbiology ; Trichomonas vaginalis/drug effects ; Trichomonas vaginalis/microbiology ; Vaginitis/drug therapy ; Vaginitis/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-05
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2064859-5
ISSN	1873-5592 ; 1389-4501
ISSN (online)	1873-5592
ISSN	1389-4501
DOI	10.2174/1389450121666200804112340
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Vaginitis and cervicitis

N. M. Nazarova / M. E. Nekrasova / E. R. Dovletkhanova / P. R. Abakarova

Медицинский совет, Vol 0, Iss 3, Pp 17-

choice of an effective therapy method (literature review)

2020 Volume 23

Abstract: ... of acute and chronic vaginitis; bacterial vaginosis; endo-, exocervicitis that is topical in therapy ...

Abstract	Among gynaecological diseases in women of reproductive age the leading place is occupied by inflammatory diseases of the lower part of the genital tract (70%), a significant proportion of which are inflammatory processes of the vagina and cervix uteri. In ⅔ of women, cervicitis is most often asymptomatic, so they do not seek medical treatment, and 65–77.6% have a transition to a chronic form. Thus, chronic cervicitis is diagnosed in almost one in three women who seek assistance from a gynaecologist due to leukorrhea, and there is no tendency for a decrease in frequency. The article presents an actual view on the problem of inflammatory diseases of the lower genital tract. The analysis of some researches devoted to the influence of local immunity and the state of vaginal microflora on the development of chronic inflammatory diseases is carried out. The results of proteomic researches of cervicovaginal fluid in early diagnostics of inflammatory diseases of the lower genital tract and the possibility of using cytokine biomarkers in clinical practice with the aim of prediction of pathological state and choice of further treatment tactics of the patient are presented. Efficiency of use of the combined medication on the basis of chlorhexidine and dexpantenol possessing pronounced antimicrobial, regenerating and metabolic action and applied in therapy of acute and chronic vaginitis; bacterial vaginosis; endo-, exocervicitis that is topical in therapy of inflammatory diseases of the lower genital tract is considered.
Keywords	vaginitis ; cervicitis ; chlorhexidine ; dexpanthenol ; leucorrhea ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	Russian
Publishing date	2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Remedium Group LLC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The pathogenesis of prevalent aerobic bacteria in aerobic vaginitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a narrative review.

Ma, Xiaotong / Wu, Ming / Wang, Chen / Li, Huiyang / Fan, Aiping / Wang, Yingmei / Han, Cha / Xue, Fengxia

Reproductive health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 21

Abstract: ... subjected to careful review. The pathogenic bacteria of aerobic vaginitis can produce different toxins or ... Background: Aerobic vaginitis is a common cause of vaginal discharge in reproductive-age women ... of membranes and stillbirth. However, the aetiology and pathogenesis of aerobic vaginitis causing negative ...

Abstract	Background: Aerobic vaginitis is a common cause of vaginal discharge in reproductive-age women, increasing the risk of negative pregnancy outcomes such as premature delivery, abortion, premature rupture of membranes and stillbirth. However, the aetiology and pathogenesis of aerobic vaginitis causing negative pregnancy outcomes are still unclear, and there is no unified and standardized treatment method for aerobic vaginitis in the pregnancy period. Methods: We conducted a literature search of published studies in the English language focusing on aerobic vaginitis and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes utilizing PubMed and Web of Science from January 1973 through June 2021. The common pathogenic bacteria of aerobic vaginitis during pregnancy, such as group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as the related adverse pregnancy outcomes and existing treatments were reviewed. Results: A total of 4534 articles were identified, and 97 studies that had inclusion criteria were subjected to careful review. The pathogenic bacteria of aerobic vaginitis can produce different toxins or affect the local immunity of patients and then lead to the occurrence of infection. Fresh wet mount microscopy is the preferred diagnostic method for aerobic vaginitis. Clindamycin is a common antibiotic used for aerobic vaginitis in pregnant women. The use of products combining probiotics has achieved excellent treatment success. Conclusions: Future research in this field can provide insights regarding the mechanism of aerobic vaginitis-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans and ways to prevent their occurrence.
MeSH term(s)	Bacteria, Aerobic ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Vaginitis ; Vaginosis, Bacterial/complications ; Vaginosis, Bacterial/drug therapy ; Vaginosis, Bacterial/epidemiology ; Vulvovaginitis
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2149029-6
ISSN	1742-4755 ; 1742-4755
ISSN (online)	1742-4755
ISSN	1742-4755
DOI	10.1186/s12978-021-01292-8
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Aerobic vaginitis - An underdiagnosed cause of vaginal discharge - Narrative review.

Sonthalia, Sidharth / Aggarwal, Parul / Das, Shukla / Sharma, Poonam / Sharma, Rahul / Singh, Sweety

International journal of STD & AIDS

2020 Volume 31, Issue 11, Page(s) 1018–1027

Abstract: ... of vaginal dysbiosis, called aerobic vaginitis (AV), has remained unknown to a large part of the global ... AV is also crucial for better comprehension of desquamative inflammatory vaginitis (DIV), the most ... severe form of the same entity. We review the condition's epidemiology, risk factors and suspected ...

Abstract	The concept of vaginal dysbiosis was for long considered synonymous with bacterial vaginosis (BV), which is characterized by a homogenous non-inflammatory vaginal discharge. The inflammatory variant of vaginal dysbiosis, called aerobic vaginitis (AV), has remained unknown to a large part of the global dermatology and venereology community, gynaecologists and reproductive tract infection specialists with consequential under diagnosis. AV significantly differs from BV, in clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria and management. The deleterious impact of untreated AV on pregnancy merits discussion. Understanding AV is also crucial for better comprehension of desquamative inflammatory vaginitis (DIV), the most severe form of the same entity. We review the condition's epidemiology, risk factors and suspected aetiology, symptoms and signs, and the latest evidence-backed approach to diagnosis and treatment. The ideal diagnostic approach and treatment for AV/DIV are yet to be established. The currently recommended diagnostic approach for AV/DIV merits an overhaul by incorporating changes to render it feasible for resource-constraint countries. The diagnostic criteria lack a uniform applicability in different physiological groups of women and cannot be used in postpartum or postmenopausal states at the same cut-off levels. Similarly, treatment guidelines merit a relook, and customization, given the equivocality of options suggested by different investigators.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacteria, Aerobic/isolation & purification ; Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Bacterial Infections/epidemiology ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; Coinfection/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lactobacillus ; Vagina/microbiology ; Vaginal Discharge/epidemiology ; Vaginal Discharge/microbiology ; Vaginitis/diagnosis ; Vaginitis/drug therapy ; Vaginitis/epidemiology ; Vaginosis, Bacterial/diagnosis ; Vaginosis, Bacterial/drug therapy ; Vaginosis, Bacterial/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1018089-8
ISSN	1758-1052 ; 0956-4624
ISSN (online)	1758-1052
ISSN	0956-4624
DOI	10.1177/0956462420913435
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Zs.A 2829: Show issues

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Article ; Online: An Evidence-Based Review of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Vaginitis by

Khalilzadeh, Somayyeh / Eftekhar, Tahereh / Rahimi, Roja / Mehriardestani, Mozhgan / Tabarrai, Malihe

Galen medical journal

2019 Volume 8, Page(s) e1270

Abstract: Vaginitis is one of the most common gynecological problems in reproductive age ... for the treatment of vaginitis by the great Iranian scientist, Avicenna, in his book " ... seems to be necessary. The purpose of this article is to review the medicinal herbs mentioned ...

Abstract	Vaginitis is one of the most common gynecological problems in reproductive age. Because of the limitations of the conventional drugs, identification of new pharmacological interventions for this disease seems to be necessary. The purpose of this article is to review the medicinal herbs mentioned for the treatment of vaginitis by the great Iranian scientist, Avicenna, in his book "
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-08
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2717170-X
ISSN	2322-2379 ; 2322-2379
ISSN (online)	2322-2379
ISSN	2322-2379
DOI	10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1270
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Article: Review of vaginitis.

Faro, S

Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology

2008 Volume 1, Issue 3, Page(s) 153–161

Abstract: ... to chronic or serious conditions. Therefore, all cases of vaginitis should be accurately diagnosed and ...

Abstract	Adisruption of the dynamic equilibrium of the healthy vagina may have significant sequelae, leading to chronic or serious conditions. Therefore, all cases of vaginitis should be accurately diagnosed and appropriately treated.
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-05-16
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1176776-5
ISSN	1064-7449
ISSN	1064-7449
DOI	10.1155/S1064744993000341
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Zs.A 3915: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies for Vaginitis: A Literature Review.

Armstrong, Elizabeth / Weisz, Virginia

Journal of doctoral nursing practice

2016 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 139–144

Abstract: A literature review of vaginitis to identify relevance and gaps in diagnosis and treatment. Missed ... inappropriately. The objective of this article is to review best diagnostic means of vaginitis and the current ...

Abstract	A literature review of vaginitis to identify relevance and gaps in diagnosis and treatment. Missed diagnosis in primary care and poor self-diagnosis leads to many women who are left untreated or treated inappropriately. The objective of this article is to review best diagnostic means of vaginitis and the current treatment recommendations for bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. A search of literature using Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and MEDLINE was limited to articles published between 1996 and 2014 and included original research, guidelines, and synthesis. Studies varied in quality and design, but several were randomized controlled trials.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2380-9426
ISSN (online)	2380-9426
DOI	10.1891/2380-9418.9.1.139
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A comprehensive review of vaginitis phytotherapy.

Azimi, Hanieh / Fallah-Tafti, Mehrnaz / Karimi-Darmiyan, Maliheh / Abdollahi, Mohammad

Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS

2012 Volume 14, Issue 21, Page(s) 960–966

Abstract: To overview phytotherapy of vaginitis in order to identify new approaches for new pharmacological ... treatments. All related literature databases were searched for herbal medicinal treatment in vaginitis ... The search terms were plant, herb, herbal therapy, phytotherapy, vaginitis, vaginal, anti-candida, anti ...

Abstract	To overview phytotherapy of vaginitis in order to identify new approaches for new pharmacological treatments. All related literature databases were searched for herbal medicinal treatment in vaginitis. The search terms were plant, herb, herbal therapy, phytotherapy, vaginitis, vaginal, anti-candida, anti-bacterial and anti-trichomonas. All of the human, animal and in vitro studies were included. Anti-candida, anti-bacterial and anti-trichomonas effects were the key outcomes. The plants including carvacrol, 1,8-cineole, geranial, germacrene-D, limonene, linalool, menthol, terpinen-4-ol and thymol exhibited anti-candida effects. A very low concentration of geranium oil and geraniol blocked mycelial growth, but not yeast. Tea tree oil including terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene and alpha-terpineol showed anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-protozoal properties against trichomonas. Allium hirtifolium (persian shallot) comparable to metronidazole exhibited anti-trichomonas activity due to its components such as allicin, ajoene and other organosulfides. The plants having beneficial effects on vaginitis encompass essential oils that clear the pathway that future studies should be focused to standardize theses herbs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Oils, Volatile/pharmacology ; Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy/methods ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use ; Plant Oils/pharmacology ; Plant Oils/therapeutic use ; Vaginitis/drug therapy ; Vaginitis/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Oils, Volatile ; Plant Extracts ; Plant Oils
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-05-18
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1028-8880
ISSN	1028-8880
DOI	10.3923/pjbs.2011.960.966
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: REFRACTORY FUNGAL VAGINITIS TREATED BY TOPICAL AMPHOTERICIN B. Review

Falah Hasan Obayes AL-Khikani

Медична наука України, Vol 16, Iss 2, Pp 55-

2020 Volume 58

Abstract: Vaginitis is a common problem for women regarding a worldwide health challenge ... with many side effects. Vaginitis is among the most visiting to gynecology clinics. About 75% of all reproductive women ... had at least one fungal vaginitis infection in their life, and more than 40% will have two or more ...

Abstract	Vaginitis is a common problem for women regarding a worldwide health challenge with many side effects. Vaginitis is among the most visiting to gynecology clinics. About 75% of all reproductive women had at least one fungal vaginitis infection in their life, and more than 40% will have two or more than two. Candida spp is the most prevalent in fungal vaginitis, while reports for unusual fungi were observed as mucor spp. Amphotericin B (AmB) belongs to the polyene group has a wide spectrum in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity. All of the known available formulas of AmB are administrated via intravenous injection to treat severe systemic fungal infections, while the development of the topical formula of AmB is still under preliminary development including topical vaginal AmB. Due to the revealing of antimicrobial-resistant fungi in recent years, this study explains the role of topical AmB in treating refractory fungi vaginitis that may not a response to other drugs reported in many cases that may help researchers to develop new effective formula of AmB regarding fungal vaginitis.
Keywords	fungal vaginitis ; antifungal drugs ; topical amphotericin b ; amphotericin b formula ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Bogomolets National Medical University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Physician Awareness and Adherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines in the Diagnosis of Vaginitis Patients: A Retrospective Chart Review.

Nyirjesy, Paul / Banker, Wendy M / Bonus, Tiffany M

Population health management

2020 Volume 23, Issue S1, Page(s) S13–S21

Abstract: ... review to evaluate diagnostic practices for their symptomatic vaginitis patients. A total of 333 ... Vaginitis is one of the main causes of primary care and gynecological visits in the United States ... trichomoniasis. A physician survey was conducted to measure awareness of vaginitis clinical guidelines and ...

Abstract	Vaginitis is one of the main causes of primary care and gynecological visits in the United States. The most common infectious causes are bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and trichomoniasis. A physician survey was conducted to measure awareness of vaginitis clinical guidelines and availability of in-office point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools. Participants were asked to perform a chart review to evaluate diagnostic practices for their symptomatic vaginitis patients. A total of 333 physicians and 984 patient charts were included. Physicians were most familiar with VVC and BV diagnostic guidelines; fewer than half were aware of current trichomoniasis guidelines. Although access to POC tools used to evaluate and diagnose vaginitis varied by practice, there was limited access to all 3 tools (microscope, pH test strips, potassium hydroxide solution) required to perform a full Amsel workup for BV (47% obstetricians/gynecologists vs. 32% primary care physicians,
MeSH term(s)	Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Physicians ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Vaginosis, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2454546-6
ISSN	1942-7905 ; 1942-7891
ISSN (online)	1942-7905
ISSN	1942-7891
DOI	10.1089/pop.2020.0258
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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