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Article: Kidney involvement in coronavirus-associated diseases (Review).

Feng, Zhicai / Chen, Yuqing / Wu, Yuqin / Wang, Jianwen / Zhang, Hao / Zhang, Wei

2021 Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) 361

Abstract: ... to better understand the kidney involvement of coronavirus so that more effective therapeutic strategies ... infection-associated kidney injury and the corresponding therapies, in order to provide new insights for clinicians ... of the present systematic review was to summarize the basic knowledge of coronavirus, coronavirus ...

Abstract	Since 2003, coronaviruses have caused multiple global pandemic diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clinical and autopsy findings suggest that the occurrence of kidney injury during infection may negatively affect the clinical outcomes of infected patients. The authoritative model predicts that outbreaks of other novel coronavirus pneumonias will continue to threaten human health in the future. The aim of the present systematic review was to summarize the basic knowledge of coronavirus, coronavirus infection-associated kidney injury and the corresponding therapies, in order to provide new insights for clinicians to better understand the kidney involvement of coronavirus so that more effective therapeutic strategies can be employed against coronavirus infection in the future.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-13
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2683844-8
ISSN	1792-1015 ; 1792-0981
ISSN (online)	1792-1015
ISSN	1792-0981
DOI	10.3892/etm.2021.9792
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Article ; Online: Coronavirus disease 2019 and kidney injury.

Punj, Shweta / Eng, Eudora / Shetty, Aneesha A

Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension

2021 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 444–449

Abstract: Purpose of review: In this paper, we seek to review coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated ... involvement have suggested novel mechanisms of kidney injury that need to be further elucidated. More data are ... a common complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: In this paper, we seek to review coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated kidney injury with a focus on what is known about pathophysiology. Recent findings: Kidney injury is a common complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Acute tubular necrosis and glomerular injury are two common findings. Direct viral effect, endothelial dysfunction, and podocyte and tubular epithelial injury have been described. COVID-19-related glomerular injury may also be associated with high-risk APOL1 genotype. Summary: Data on COVID-19 renal involvement have suggested novel mechanisms of kidney injury that need to be further elucidated. More data are needed on renal involvement in milder disease, renal-specific therapeutic interventions, and long-term sequelae.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Kidney Injury/etiology ; Acute Kidney Injury/genetics ; Acute Kidney Injury/physiopathology ; Acute Kidney Injury/therapy ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/physiopathology ; COVID-19/therapy ; Genotype ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/etiology ; Kidney Diseases/genetics ; Kidney Diseases/physiopathology ; Kidney Diseases/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1151092-4
ISSN	1473-6543 ; 1535-3842 ; 1062-4813 ; 1062-4821
ISSN (online)	1473-6543 ; 1535-3842
ISSN	1062-4813 ; 1062-4821
DOI	10.1097/MNH.0000000000000718
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Article: COVID-19 in patients with and without acute kidney injury.

Sabaghian, Tahereh / Rommasi, Foad / Omidi, Fatemeh / Hajikhani, Bahareh / Nasiri, Mohammad Javad / Mirsaeidi, Mehdi

Bratislavske lekarske listy

2022 Volume 123, Issue 5, Page(s) 382–380

Abstract: ... such as liver, heart, and kidney cells via ACE2-associated endocytosis. Heart involvement can result in kidney ... injuries; it is now testified that kidney congestion occurs following the cardio-renal syndrome ... Acute Kidney Injury is one of the most critical damages to the kidney in a wide range of COVID-19-caused kidney ...

Abstract	Background and objective: SARS-CoV-2 as the newest member of Beta-Coronaviruses can cause a complicated disease called COVID-19. This virus is able to penetrate a broad range of human cells, such as liver, heart, and kidney cells via ACE2-associated endocytosis. Heart involvement can result in kidney injuries; it is now testified that kidney congestion occurs following the cardio-renal syndrome. Acute Kidney Injury is one of the most critical damages to the kidney in a wide range of COVID-19-caused kidney injuries (which includes proteinuria, hematuria, etc.). Examination of AKI risk factors in COVID-19 patients can assist physicians to prevent its incidence. The final aim of this systematic review was to collate the condition and risk factors of AKI and non-AKI COVID-19 patients and to investigate AKI incidence in high-risk patients. Method: A complete and comprehensive survey was performed by reviewing original articles and case reports indexed in various databases such as PubMed/Medline, Embase, and WoS to find appropriate articles. The eligible articles then were selected by two authors and entered into the evaluation process. This systematic review conforms PRISMA statement. Results: After searching for potentially relevant articles, 14 out of the initial 463 articles from 6 countries were selected and evaluated. All of eligible articles have investigated the rate of AKI incidence and its physio-pathological consequences in COVID-19 patients in all conditions (not only patients in critical condition). First, the initial differences between AKI and non-AKI patients were compared. As an instance, our study revealed that mean of White Blood cells (WBC) was much higher in AKI patients which can be responsible for the severe conditions. Then, other variations like differences in laboratory and imaging findings were compared between these two groups. Our outcomes demonstrated that the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and male sex can be three significant risk factors in AKI incidence in COVID-19 patients. Fatality rate and treatment methods were also compared among these two groups. Conclusion: As one of kidney damages, AKI can worsen COVID-19 patients' status by causing conditions such as acidosis. Our study shows the common symptoms in AKI COVID-19 patients were fever, cough, and malaise. The results of our study can help physicians to arrange COVID-19 with AKI patients' treatment strategy precisely (Tab. 8, Fig. 1, Ref. 48).
MeSH term(s)	Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis ; Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology ; Acute Kidney Injury/etiology ; COVID-19/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Proteinuria ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-14
Publishing country	Slovakia
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	127421-1
ISSN	0006-9248
ISSN	0006-9248
DOI	10.4149/BLL_2022_059
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Article: Acute Kidney Injury Among Admitted COVID-19 Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Goffe, Tigist Kefyalew / Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw / Niguss Derese, Tadios / Bayou Tilahun, Yohannes / Bayou Tilahun, Robel

International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease

2023 Volume 16, Page(s) 83–92

Abstract: ... of coronavirus disease 2019, other organ involvement, such as the kidney, has been reported. The incidence ... were significantly associated with acute kidney injury.: Conclusion: Acute kidney injury is a common ... of 402 patient charts were reviewed, and the proportion of patients with acute kidney injury was found ...

Abstract	Background: Although diffuse alveolar damage and respiratory failure are the most common symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, other organ involvement, such as the kidney, has been reported. The incidence of acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients has been reported to vary greatly. In this study, we look at the magnitude and risk factors for acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients in Ethiopia, a developing country. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted among admitted COVID-19 patients at Eka Kotebe general hospital and Saint Peter COVID-19 treatment center by reviewing data from September 2020 to September 2021. A random sampling technique with proportional size allocation was used to select a total sample of 402 patients (225 from Eka Kotebe and 177 from St. Peter). Secondary data was collected from patient medical records using a standard, pre-tested data collection checklist using the Kobo toolbox, which was then exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. The association between dependent and independent variables was analyzed using binary logistic regression. A statistical significance test was declared at a p value of <=0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 402 patient charts were reviewed, and the proportion of patients with acute kidney injury was found to be 18.9%. After adjusting for potential confounders, age<=35 years (AOR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.07-0.72), female gender (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.28-0.94), and isolation type ICU (AOR = 5.11, 95% CI = 1.44-18.06) were significantly associated with acute kidney injury. Conclusion: Acute kidney injury is a common complication in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The prevalence of acute kidney injury in this study was 18.9%. Age, gender, and type of isolation were the factors that had a significant association with acute kidney injury. Clinicians and other concerned parties should provide more care to ICU patients and COVID-19 patients who are older.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-22
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2508160-3
ISSN	1178-7058
ISSN	1178-7058
DOI	10.2147/IJNRD.S402946
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 and the Kidney: Recent Advances and Controversies.

Menez, Steven / Parikh, Chirag R

Seminars in nephrology

2022 Volume 42, Issue 3, Page(s) 151279

Abstract: Kidney involvement is common in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), and our understanding ... identified as at continued high risk for major adverse kidney outcomes. In this review, we explore key topics ... associated AKI and short-term outcomes, including inpatient mortality and disease severity. Even ...

Abstract	Kidney involvement is common in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), and our understanding of the effects of COVID-19 on short- and long-term kidney outcomes has evolved over the course of the pandemic. Initial key questions centered on the spectrum and degree of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19. Investigators worldwide have explored the association between COVID-19-associated AKI and short-term outcomes, including inpatient mortality and disease severity. Even as treatments evolved, vaccinations were developed, and newer viral variants arose, subsets of patients were identified as at continued high risk for major adverse kidney outcomes. In this review, we explore key topics of continued relevance including the following: (1) a comparison of COVID-19-associated AKI with AKI developing in other clinical settings; (2) the ongoing controversy over kidney tropism in the setting of COVID-19 and the potential for competitive binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus with angiotensin converting enzyme-2 to prevent viral cell entry; and (3) the identification of high-risk patients for adverse outcomes to inform long-term outpatient management. Patients at particularly high risk for adverse kidney outcomes include those with APOL1 high-risk genotype status. Biomarkers of injury, inflammation, tubular health, and repair measured in both the blood and urine may hold prognostic significance.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/complications ; Kidney ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Acute Kidney Injury/complications ; Prognosis ; Apolipoprotein L1
Chemical Substances	APOL1 protein, human ; Apolipoprotein L1
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604652-6
ISSN	1558-4488 ; 0270-9295
ISSN (online)	1558-4488
ISSN	0270-9295
DOI	10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.10.005
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Article ; Online: Potential Alternative Receptors for SARS-CoV-2-Induced Kidney Damage: TLR-4, KIM-1/TIM-1, and CD147.

Habeichi, Nada J / Amin, Ghadir / Lakkis, Bachir / Kataya, Rayane / Mericskay, Mathias / Booz, George W / Zouein, Fouad A

Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)

2024 Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 8

Abstract: Kidney damage in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can occur even ... explored as therapeutic targets. This review presents the potential involvement of toll-like receptor 4 ... in patients with no underlying kidney disease. Signs of kidney problems can progress to a state that demands ...

Abstract	Kidney damage in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can occur even in patients with no underlying kidney disease. Signs of kidney problems can progress to a state that demands dialysis and hampering recovery. Although not without controversy, emerging evidence implicates direct infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in the kidney. At the early stage of the pandemic, consideration was mainly on the well-recognized angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor as being the site for viral interaction and subsequent cellular internalization. Despite the abundance of ACE2 receptors in the kidneys, researchers have expanded beyond ACE2 and identified novel viral entry pathways that could be advantageously explored as therapeutic targets. This review presents the potential involvement of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), kidney injury molecule-1/T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain 1 (KIM-1/TIM-1), and cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) in SARS-CoV-2-associated renal damage. In this context, we address the unresolved issues surrounding SARS-CoV-2 renal infectivity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; COVID-19/complications ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Diseases ; Mucins ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Basigin ; Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1
Chemical Substances	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Mucins ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; BSG protein, human ; TLR4 protein, human ; Basigin (136894-56-9) ; HAVCR1 protein, human ; Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2704569-9
ISSN	2768-6698 ; 2768-6698
ISSN (online)	2768-6698
ISSN	2768-6698
DOI	10.31083/j.fbl2901008
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Article ; Online: Is the kidney a target of SARS-CoV-2?

Martinez-Rojas, Miguel Angel / Vega-Vega, Olynka / Bobadilla, Norma A

American journal of physiology. Renal physiology

2020 Volume 318, Issue 6, Page(s) F1454–F1462

Abstract: The new disease produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents ... that novel SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus, and it is associated to a broad clinical spectrum ... Particularly, a considerable incidence of many renal abnormalities associated to COVID-19 has been reported ...

Abstract	The new disease produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents a major pandemic event nowadays. Since its origin in China in December 2019, there is compelling evidence that novel SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus, and it is associated to a broad clinical spectrum going from subclinical presentation to severe respiratory distress and multiorgan failure. Like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 recognizes human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a cellular receptor that allows it to infect different host cells and likely disrupts renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system homeostasis. Particularly, a considerable incidence of many renal abnormalities associated to COVID-19 has been reported, including proteinuria, hematuria, and acute kidney injury. Moreover, it has been recently demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 can infect podocytes and tubular epithelial cells, which could contribute to the development of the aforementioned renal abnormalities. In this review, we discuss the biological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, how understanding current knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 infection may partly explain the involvement of the kidneys in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, and what questions have arisen and remain to be explored.
MeSH term(s)	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney/virology ; Kidney Diseases/virology ; Pandemics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	603837-2
ISSN	1522-1466 ; 0363-6127
ISSN (online)	1522-1466
ISSN	0363-6127
DOI	10.1152/ajprenal.00160.2020
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Article ; Online: Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and kidney diseases: what do we know?

Copur, Sidar / Berkkan, Metehan / Basile, Carlo / Tuttle, Katherine / Kanbay, Mehmet

Journal of nephrology

2022 Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 795–805

Abstract: ... to evaluate the growing literature on kidney involvement in the SARS-CoV-2 infection along with clinical ... development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the course of initial hospitalization are associated with high ... prospective large scale studies are needed with long follow-up periods assessing kidney involvement via ...

Abstract	COVID-19, a disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is a major global threat that has turned into a pandemic. Despite the emergence of multiple vaccination alternatives and developing therapeutic options, dramatic short- and long-term clinical outcomes have been recorded with more than 250 million infected people and over 5 million deaths as of November 2021. COVID-19 presents various respiratory, cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, musculoskeletal and kidney features during the acute phase; nevertheless, renal involvement in the post-infection period has recently been emphasized. The present review aims to evaluate the growing literature on kidney involvement in the SARS-CoV-2 infection along with clinical features reported both in the acute phase of the infection and in the post-acute COVID-19 period by assessing potential pathophysiological frameworks explaining such conditions. Chronic kidney disease and development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the course of initial hospitalization are associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Moreover, growing evidence suggests a decline in renal function in the 6-to-12-month follow-up period even in patients without any signs of AKI during the acute phase. Despite such concerns there are no guidelines regulating the follow-up period or therapeutic alternatives for such patient population. In conclusion, the burden of COVID-19 on the kidney is yet to be determined. Future prospective large scale studies are needed with long follow-up periods assessing kidney involvement via multiple parameters such as biopsy studies, urinalysis, measurement of serum creatinine and cystatin C, directly measured glomerular filtration rate, and assessment of tubular function via urinary β
MeSH term(s)	Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis ; Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology ; Acute Kidney Injury/etiology ; COVID-19/complications ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-16
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1093991-x
ISSN	1724-6059 ; 1120-3625 ; 1121-8428
ISSN (online)	1724-6059
ISSN	1120-3625 ; 1121-8428
DOI	10.1007/s40620-022-01296-y
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Article ; Online: Overview of acute kidney manifestations and management of patients with COVID-19.

Menez, Steven / Parikh, Chirag R

American journal of physiology. Renal physiology

2021 Volume 321, Issue 4, Page(s) F403–F410

Abstract: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, several manifestations of kidney involvement associated ... the risk factors and pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury (AKI), including direct and indirect ... in the acute setting. We highlight how kidney replacement therapy for patients with COVID-19-associated AKI has ...

Abstract	Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, several manifestations of kidney involvement associated with infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus have been described, including proteinuria, hematuria, and acute kidney injury. A growing body of literature has explored the risk factors and pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury (AKI), including direct and indirect mechanisms, as well as early postdischarge outcomes that may result from various manifestations of kidney involvement. In this review, we explore the current state of knowledge of the epidemiology of COVID-19-associated AKI, potential mechanisms and pathogenesis of AKI, and various management strategies for patients in the acute setting. We highlight how kidney replacement therapy for patients with COVID-19-associated AKI has been affected by the increasing demand for dialysis and how the postacute management of patients, including outpatient follow-up, is vitally important. We also review what is presently known about long-term kidney outcomes after the initial recovery from COVID-19. We provide some guidance as to the management of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who are at risk for AKI as well as for future clinical research in the setting of COVID-19 and the significance of early identification of patients at highest risk for adverse kidney outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/complications ; Kidney Diseases/etiology ; Kidney Diseases/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	603837-2
ISSN	1522-1466 ; 0363-6127
ISSN (online)	1522-1466
ISSN	0363-6127
DOI	10.1152/ajprenal.00173.2021
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Article ; Online: SCARF Genes in COVID-19 and Kidney Disease: A Path to Comorbidity-Specific Therapies.

Carriazo, Sol / Abasheva, Daria / Duarte, Deborah / Ortiz, Alberto / Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 22

Abstract: ... associated receptors and factors (SCARFs), which SARS-CoV-2 hijacks to enter cells and replicate. We review ... modulates the local (kidney) and systemic (lung, aorta) expression of host genes encoding coronavirus ... Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has killed ~7 million persons worldwide. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common risk factor for severe COVID-19 and one that most increases the risk of COVID-19-related death. Moreover, CKD increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), and COVID-19 patients with AKI are at an increased risk of death. However, the molecular basis underlying this risk has not been well characterized. CKD patients are at increased risk of death from multiple infections, to which immune deficiency in non-specific host defenses may contribute. However, COVID-19-associated AKI has specific molecular features and CKD modulates the local (kidney) and systemic (lung, aorta) expression of host genes encoding coronavirus-associated receptors and factors (SCARFs), which SARS-CoV-2 hijacks to enter cells and replicate. We review the interaction between kidney disease and COVID-19, including the over 200 host genes that may influence the severity of COVID-19, and provide evidence suggesting that kidney disease may modulate the expression of SCARF genes and other key host genes involved in an effective adaptive defense against coronaviruses. Given the poor response of certain CKD populations (e.g., kidney transplant recipients) to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and their suboptimal outcomes when infected, we propose a research agenda focusing on CKD to develop the concept of comorbidity-specific targeted therapeutic approaches to SARS-CoV-2 infection or to future coronavirus infections.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Comorbidity ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy ; Acute Kidney Injury/etiology ; Acute Kidney Injury/genetics
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms242216078
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