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Article ; Online: HIV-Patient erkrankt an COVID-19.

Gottwald, Florian E / Bogner, Johannes R

2021 Volume 163, Issue Suppl 2, Page(s) 46–47

Title translation	HIV without and Covid-19 with complications.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	German
Publishing date	2021-06-18
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1478211-x
ISSN	1613-3560 ; 1438-3276
ISSN (online)	1613-3560
ISSN	1438-3276
DOI	10.1007/s15006-021-9841-7
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Article ; Online: Comparison of outcomes in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with COVID-19.

Venturas, Jacqui / Zamparini, Jarrod / Shaddock, Erica / Stacey, Sarah / Murray, Lyle / Richards, Guy A / Kalla, Ismail / Mahomed, Adam / Mohamed, Farzahna / Mer, Mervyn / Maposa, Innocent / Feldman, Charles

The Journal of infection

2021 Volume 83, Issue 2, Page(s) 217–227

Abstract: ... negative patients with COVID-19. This study compared the outcomes of COVID-19 in a group of HIV-positive ... Methods: Data was collected on all adult patients with known HIV status and COVID-19, confirmed ... COVID-19 disease neither is it a risk factor for mortality. However, HIV-positive patients with COVID-19 ...

Abstract	Background: South Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV in the world and to date has recorded the highest number of cases of COVID-19 in Africa. There is uncertainty as to what the significance of this dual infection is, and whether people living with HIV (PLWH) have worse outcomes compared to HIV-negative patients with COVID-19. This study compared the outcomes of COVID-19 in a group of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients admitted to a tertiary referral centre in Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods: Data was collected on all adult patients with known HIV status and COVID-19, confirmed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), admitted to the medical wards and intensive care unit (ICU) between 6 March and 11 September 2020. The data included demographics, co-morbidities, laboratory results, severity of illness scores, complications and mortality, and comparisons were made between the HIV-positive and HIV negative groups. Results: Three-hundred and eighty-four patients, 108 HIV-positive and 276 HIV-negative, were included in the study. Median 4C score was significantly higher in the HIV-positive patients compared to the HIV-negative patients, but there was no significant difference in mortality between the HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups (15% vs 20%, p = 0.31). In addition, HIV-positive patients who died were younger than their HIV-negative counterparts, but this was not statistically significant (47.5 vs 57 years, p = 0.06). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that HIV is not a risk factor for moderate or severe COVID-19 disease neither is it a risk factor for mortality. However, HIV-positive patients with COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital are more likely to be younger than their HIV-negative counterparts. These findings need to be confirmed in future, prospective, studies.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19 ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Tertiary Care Centers
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424417-5
ISSN	1532-2742 ; 0163-4453
ISSN (online)	1532-2742
ISSN	0163-4453
DOI	10.1016/j.jinf.2021.05.020
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Article ; Online: Care challenges and silver linings in HIV and behavioral health service delivery for individuals living with HIV and severe mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study.

Dahiya, Priya / Riano, Nicholas S / Dilley, James W / Olfson, Mark / Cournos, Francine / Mangurian, Christina / Arnold, Emily A

BMC health services research

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 690

Abstract: ... Though COVID-19 presented several complex barriers to care for providers serving patients with comorbid HIV and ... obstacles to the quality and availability of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to describe ... of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interviews were transcribed and coded using thematic analysis.: Results: Commonly ...

Abstract	Background: There has been a longstanding effort to integrate behavioral health and HIV care for people with comorbid HIV and behavioral health needs, including those with severe mental illness (SMI). As this population frequents both behavioral health and HIV care settings, they were likely to experience new obstacles to the quality and availability of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to describe how clinics for HIV services or behavioral healthcare-as well as co-located sites providing both-sought to rapidly shift protocols to maintain a standard of patient care for people with comorbid HIV and SMI while adapting to the unprecedented circumstances of the pandemic. Methods: We interviewed HIV and behavioral healthcare providers, clinic leaders, and support service agencies that served clients impacted by both HIV and SMI. Seventeen key informants across three settings (HIV care settings, behavioral health care settings, and integrated or co-located care settings) were interviewed in 2022. Interviews focused on changes in clinical services, protocols, and care provision strategies during and at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interviews were transcribed and coded using thematic analysis. Results: Commonly endorsed themes included both positive and negative changes in care and care provision during the pandemic. Negative impacts of the pandemic included the loss of physical space, exacerbated mental health needs and disengagement in HIV care, patient barriers to telehealth and the digital divide, and increased healthcare workforce burnout. Positive changes included improved healthcare delivery and care engagement through telehealth, new opportunities to provide a wide range of social services, paradoxical increases in engagement in HIV care for certain patients, and broad institution of workforce wellness practices. Conclusions: Though COVID-19 presented several complex barriers to care for providers serving patients with comorbid HIV and SMI, the increased flexibility afforded by telehealth and a greater focus on collaborative approaches to patient care may benefit this patient population in the future. Additionally, the focus on workforce wellness may serve to increase retention and avoid burnout among providers. The strategies and lessons learned through adapting to COVID-19 may be invaluable moving forward as healthcare systems respond to future pandemics.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/psychology ; HIV Infections/therapy ; HIV Infections/psychology ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Qualitative Research ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Mental Health Services/organization & administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Comorbidity
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050434-2
ISSN	1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
ISSN (online)	1472-6963
ISSN	1472-6963
DOI	10.1186/s12913-024-11146-1
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Article: COVID-19, HIV, and Cryptococcal Meningitis Coinfections with Abnormal Laboratory Findings.

Aghamali, Mina / Kazemi, Abdolhassan / Asgharzadeh, Mohammad / Kafil, Hossein Samadi

Case reports in pulmonology

2023 Volume 2023, Page(s) 2868290

Abstract: ... of coinfection with COVID-19 and cryptococcal meningitis in a HIV-positive patient with abnormal laboratory ... understanding of clinical manifestations of patient to determine if meningitis is present and confirmed COVID-19 ... findings. In this case, COVID-19 was positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and computerized ...

Abstract	Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first introduced in China in 2019, and it has rapidly spread all around the world. Methods: Here, we report a case of coinfection with COVID-19 and cryptococcal meningitis in a HIV-positive patient with abnormal laboratory findings. In this case, COVID-19 was positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and computerized tomography (CT) scan diagnosis. Cryptococcal antigen testing of CSF was negative, whereas India ink staining and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture confirmed the presence of Results: Although the patient was in a critical stage of illness, serum and CSF levels of procalcitonin were abnormally low, within normal limits. On the other hand, although initial lumbar puncture had showed elevated protein level, the repeat CSFs presented remarkably reduced protein levels. Our findings indicate that despite COVID-19 infection, procalcitonin level may remain normal in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis, and findings of an apparently normal procalcitonin level should not exclude the possibility of infection. Also, antigen testing may present false-negative result, and it should not be the sole laboratory method for diagnosis of infectious meningitis. Consequently, CSF culture and staining is recommended, even when antigen testing of organism is negative and CSF profile is unremarkable. Conclusion: Laboratory information should be combined with a good understanding of clinical manifestations of patient to determine if meningitis is present and confirmed COVID-19 should not ignore possibility of other infections for consideration.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2666707-1
ISSN	2090-6854 ; 2090-6846
ISSN (online)	2090-6854
ISSN	2090-6846
DOI	10.1155/2023/2868290
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Article: Impact of barriers to SARS-Cov-2 vaccination uptake in HIV-infected patients.

Wamiq Hameed, Muhammad / Musab Hussain, Muhammad / Ammar Aslam, Muhammad

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

2023 Volume 35, Issue 6(Special), Page(s) 1793–1797

Abstract: ... medical facility distrust and covid-19 as a transient illness. This study found HIV-unvaccinated people had ... of developing a deadly strain of COVID-19. That's why it's important to monitor population vaccination rates and ... 2021. Ninety five HIV-positive patients of both genders were presented. 14-60 years were the age ...

Abstract	HIV-positive (PLWH) persons should take the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination first due to the increased risk of developing a deadly strain of COVID-19. That's why it's important to monitor population vaccination rates and identify PLWH who aren't immunized. PLWH were examined for SARS-CoV-2 immunization and non-vaccination. It was a cross-sectional study, conducted in the Tehsil Headquarters Hospital Sohawa from May-October 2021. Ninety five HIV-positive patients of both genders were presented. 14-60 years were the age of patients. HIV, demographics and vaccination status were collected after written informed consent. Clinically adverse outcomes were assessed among vaccinated and non-vaccinated HIV infected patients. There were 56 (58.9%) males and 39 (41.1%) females. Frequency of homosexual transmission group was higher among 48 (50.2%) cases, followed by heterosexual group 25 (26.3%), 15 (15.8%) patients with injected drugs and 7 (7.4%) patients were HIV-infected with other reason. We found that 54 (56.8%) patients were vaccinated and 41 (43.2%) patients were unvaccinated. Frequency of ICU stay and mortality was significantly higher among non-vaccinated patients with p value <0.005. Non-vaccinated patients cited no-safety, medical facility distrust and covid-19 as a transient illness. This study found HIV-unvaccinated people had increased odds of unfavorable outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Male ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; HIV Infections ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	885131-1
ISSN	1011-601X
ISSN	1011-601X
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Article ; Online: HIV disease metrics and COVID-19 infection severity and outcomes in people living with HIV in central and eastern Europe.

HIV medicine

2023 Volume 25, Issue 3, Page(s) 343–352

Abstract: ... We can conclude that detectable HIV viral load was an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness and ... cohort study on people living with HIV (PLWH) who contracted COVID-19 in central and eastern Europe ... We enrolled 536 patients from 16 countries using an online survey. We evaluated patient demographics, HIV ...

Abstract	Background: To date there remains much ambiguity in the literature regarding the immunological interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV and the true risk posed to coinfected individuals. There has been little conclusive data regarding the use of CD4 cell count and HIV viral load stratification as predictors of COVID-19 severity in this cohort. Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study on people living with HIV (PLWH) who contracted COVID-19 in central and eastern Europe. We enrolled 536 patients from 16 countries using an online survey. We evaluated patient demographics, HIV characteristics and COVID-19 presentation and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.1. Results: The majority of the study cohort were male (76.4%) and 152 (28.3%) had a significant medical comorbidity. Median CD4 cell count at COVID-19 diagnosis was 605 cells/μL [interquartile range (IQR) 409-824]. The majority of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were virally suppressed (92%). In univariate analysis, CD4 cell count <350 cells/μL was associated with higher rates of hospitalization (p < 0.0001) and respiratory failure (p < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate analyses found that an undetectable HIV VL was associated with a lower rate of hospitalization (p < 0.0001), respiratory failure (p < 0.0001), ICU admission or death (p < 0.0001), and with a higher chance of full recovery (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: We can conclude that detectable HIV viral load was an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness and can be used as a prognostic indicator in this cohort.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; COVID-19 Testing ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Europe, Eastern ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Viral Load
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001932-4
ISSN	1468-1293 ; 1464-2662
ISSN (online)	1468-1293
ISSN	1464-2662
DOI	10.1111/hiv.13578
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Article ; Online: Concurrent Testing for COVID-19 and HIV Infection at 6 High-Volume Emergency Departments in a Priority Jurisdiction for Ending the HIV Epidemic in the United States.

McNulty, Moira C / Stanford, Kimberly A / Eller, Dylan / Sha, Beverly E / Purim-Shem-Tov, Yanina / Kishen, Ekta / Glick, Nancy / Hunt, Bijou / Lin, Janet Y / Maheswaran, Anjana / Galvin, Shannon / Turelli, Robert / Schmitt, Jessica / Pitrak, David

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

2023 Volume 94, Issue 4, Page(s) 364–370

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions in access to routine HIV screening ... individuals with symptoms of COVID-19 or other viral illness affords the opportunity to diagnose symptomatic ... for HIV testing volumes (r = 0.59, P = 0.056). Acute patients were more likely to undergo concurrent ...

Abstract	Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions in access to routine HIV screening. Setting: We assess HIV and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing across 6 emergency departments (EDs) in Cook County, Illinois. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the number of SARS-CoV-2 tests, HIV screens, and the proportion of concurrent tests (encounters with both SARS-CoV-2 and HIV testing), correlating with diagnoses of new and acute HIV infection. Results: Five sites reported data from March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021, and 1 site from September 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021. A total of 1,13,645 SARS-CoV-2 and 36,094 HIV tests were performed; 17,469 of these were concurrent tests. There were 102 new HIV diagnoses, including 25 acute infections. Concurrent testing proportions ranged from 6.7% to 37% across sites (P < 0.001). HIV testing volume correlated with the number of new diagnoses (r = 0.66, P < 0.01). HIV testing with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 testing was strongly correlated with diagnosis of acute infections (r = 0.87, P < 0.001); this was not statistically significant when controlling for HIV testing volumes (r = 0.59, P = 0.056). Acute patients were more likely to undergo concurrent testing (21/25) versus other new diagnoses (29/77; odds ratio = 8.69, 95% CI: 2.7 to 27.8, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Incorporating HIV screening into SARS-CoV-2 testing in the ED can help maintain HIV screening volumes. Although all patients presenting to the ED should be offered opt-out HIV screening, testing individuals with symptoms of COVID-19 or other viral illness affords the opportunity to diagnose symptomatic acute and early HIV infection, rapidly link to care, and initiate treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Testing ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Retrospective Studies ; Emergency Service, Hospital
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	645053-2
ISSN	1944-7884 ; 1077-9450 ; 0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
ISSN (online)	1944-7884 ; 1077-9450
ISSN	0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
DOI	10.1097/QAI.0000000000003287
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Article ; Online: Higher intensive care unit consultations for COVID-19 patients living with HIV compared to those without HIV coinfection in Uganda.

Fleischer, Brian / Olum, Ronald / Nakwagala, Frederick Nelson / Nassozi, Dianah Rhodah / Pitua, Ivaan / Paintsil, Elijah / Baluku, Joseph Baruch / Bongomin, Felix

Journal of medical virology

2022 Volume 94, Issue 9, Page(s) 4294–4300

Abstract: ... infectious agent. Whether or not HIV infection affects clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 remains ... to compare outcomes in COVID-19 patients living with and those without HIV coinfection (controls ... infected patients hospitalized during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda ...

Abstract	Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is the leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious agent. Whether or not HIV infection affects clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 remains inconclusive. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWH) and non-HIV-infected patients hospitalized during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda. We retrospectively retrieved data on patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda between April 2021 and mid-July 2021. We performed propensity-score-matching of 1:5 to compare outcomes in COVID-19 patients living with and those without HIV coinfection (controls). We included 31 PLWH and 155 non-HIV controls. The baseline characteristics were similar across groups (all p values > 0.05). PLWH had close to threefold higher odds of having ICU consultation compared to controls (odds ratio [OR]: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.2-6.9, p = 0.015). There was a trend toward having a severe or critical COVID-19 illness among PLWHIH compared to controls (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 0.8-4.7, p = 0.164). Length of hospitalization was not significantly different between PLWH and non-HIV controls (6 days vs. 7 days, p = 0.184). Seven-day survival was 63% (95% CI: 42%-78%) among PLWH and 72% (95% CI: 61%-82%) among controls while 14-day survival was 50% (95% CI: 28%-69%) among PLWH and 65% (95% CI: 55%-73%) among controls (p = 0.280). There was another trend toward having 1.7-fold higher odds of mortality among PLWH compared to controls (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.8-3.8, p = 0.181). Our data suggest that PLWH may be at an increased risk of severe or critical COVID-19 illness requiring ICU consultation. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; Critical Illness ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Pandemics ; Referral and Consultation ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Uganda/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.27887
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Article ; Online: Evaluating the Relationship between Various Risk Factors and COVID-19 Incidence In People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Harandi, Hamid / Mehraeen, Esmaeil / Yarmohammadi, Soudabeh / Rasoolinejad, Mehrnaz / Rasheed, Muhammad Ali / Parmoon, Zohal / Manshadi, Seyyed Ali Dehghan / Seyed Alinaghi, Seyed Ahmad / Afroughi, Fatemeh / Dadras, Omid

Current HIV research

2024

Abstract: ... type doesn't impact COVID-19 outcomes in HIV-positive patients, but receiving more doses decreases ... the incidence of COVID-19 and variables such as hepatitis C and the duration of time since HIV diagnosis (p<0 ... percent increase in COVID-19 incidence in patients, whereas the second and third doses (t=2.95, t=7.57 ...

Abstract	Introduction: People living with HIV (PLWH) are more susceptible to acquiring and having serious consequences from COVID-19. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between COVID-19 infection and other risk factors in these patients. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study recruiting 160 PLWH referred to the Behavioral Disease Counselling Centre of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran in 2021. The patients were selected through convenient sampling. A checklist was used to collect the necessary data. Descriptive statistical tests, such as mean and standard deviation, were employed alongside inferential statistics, including chi-square, Fisher, independent t-tests, and logistic regression, all evaluated at a significance level of p<0.05 using the R software. Results: The patients' average age was 43.15 ± 11.23. Forty-four women and 116 men were present. A notable association was observed between the incidence of COVID-19 and variables such as hepatitis C and the duration of time since HIV diagnosis (p<0.001). Moreover, a strong correlation was found between the amount of COVID-19 vaccination doses given to patients and their probability of acquiring the disease. The first vaccination dose was linked to a 5.45 percent increase in COVID-19 incidence in patients, whereas the second and third doses (t=2.95, t=7.57) reduced the risk of getting COVID-19. Furthermore, no discernible link (p>0.05) was found between the use of various antiretroviral medications and COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: This study finds that vaccine type doesn't impact COVID-19 outcomes in HIV-positive patients, but receiving more doses decreases the probability of occurrence of COVID-19, advocating for multiple vaccinations. However, PLWH, especially those non-compliant with antiretrovirals, need strict adherence to health protocols due to heightened vulnerability to viral illnesses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2192348-6
ISSN	1873-4251 ; 1570-162X
ISSN (online)	1873-4251
ISSN	1570-162X
DOI	10.2174/011570162X300999240515091324
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Article: COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults With HIV.

Stoeckle, Kate / Johnston, Carrie D / Jannat-Khah, Deanna P / Williams, Samuel C / Ellman, Tanya M / Vogler, Mary A / Gulick, Roy M / Glesby, Marshall J / Choi, Justin J

Open forum infectious diseases

2020 Volume 7, Issue 8, Page(s) ofaa327

Abstract: ... manifestations and outcomes of COVID-19 among patients with SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection were not ... cohort study of adults hospitalized with a COVID-19 illness in New York City between March 3, 2020, and May 15 ... Background: The spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic have caused significant morbidity ...

Abstract	Background: The spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic have caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection remain uncertain. Methods: We conducted a matched retrospective cohort study of adults hospitalized with a COVID-19 illness in New York City between March 3, 2020, and May 15, 2020. We matched 30 people with HIV (PWH) with 90 control group patients without HIV based on age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Using electronic health record data, we compared demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and clinical outcomes between PWH and control patients. Results: In our study, the median age (interquartile range) was 60.5 (56.6-70.0) years, 20% were female, 30% were black, 27% were white, and 24% were of Hispanic/Latino/ethnicity. There were no significant differences between PWH and control patients in presenting symptoms, duration of symptoms before hospitalization, laboratory markers, or radiographic findings on chest x-ray. More patients without HIV required a higher level of supplemental oxygen on presentation than PWH. There were no differences in the need for invasive mechanical ventilation during hospitalization, length of stay, or in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: The clinical manifestations and outcomes of COVID-19 among patients with SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection were not significantly different than patients without HIV co-infection. However, PWH were hospitalized with less severe hypoxemia, a finding that warrants further investigation.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2757767-3
ISSN	2328-8957
ISSN	2328-8957
DOI	10.1093/ofid/ofaa327
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