Article ; Online: Fatigue, perceived stigma, self-reported cognitive deficits and psychological morbidity in patients recovered from COVID-19 infection.
2021 Volume 64, Page(s) 102815
Abstract: ... To evaluate psychological morbidity, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), fatigue, and perceived stigma ... that a significant proportion of patients after recovery from COVID-19 experience psychological morbidities, fatigue ... sectional online survey, 206 adult patients (age>18 years), recovered from COVID-19 infection completed ...
| Abstract | Background: Few studies have highlighted multiple psychosocial and physical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 infection after recovery. However, the data from developing countries is limited. Aim: To evaluate psychological morbidity, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), fatigue, and perceived stigma among patients with COVID-19 after recovery from the acute phase of COVID-19 infection. Methods: In a cross-sectional online survey, 206 adult patients (age>18 years), recovered from COVID-19 infection completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), 4 items self-designed questionnaire evaluating cognitive deficits and self-designed questionnaire to evaluate perceived stigma. Additionally, they completed the information about demographic and clinical information. Results: The prevalence of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and PTSD in the study sample was 24.8 %, 23.8 %, and 30 % respectively. About three-fifths of the participants (61.2 %) had at least one fatigue symptom as per the FSS with the mean FSS score being 32.10 ± 15.28. About one-fourth of the participants (23.7 %) reported "feeling confused and always feeling mentally foggy", and 38 % of patients reported experiencing at least one cognitive problem. The level of felt stigma related to self was seen in 31.1 %, 20 % reported stigma related to family, and 50 % reported stigma in relation to neighbors and society. Those reporting higher PTSD scores had higher anxiety and depressive scores, reported more fatigue and stigma, and had a higher level of cognitive deficits. A higher fatigue score was also associated with higher anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits. Conclusions: Our study reveals that a significant proportion of patients after recovery from COVID-19 experience psychological morbidities, fatigue, cognitive problems, and stigma. Efforts should be made to take care of these issues in routine post-COVID follow-up care. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Adolescent ; Adult ; Anxiety ; COVID-19 ; Cognition ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/epidemiology ; Fatigue/epidemiology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Self Report |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2021-08-21 |
| Publishing country | Netherlands |
| Document type | Journal Article |
| ZDB-ID | 2456678-0 |
| ISSN | 1876-2026 ; 1876-2018 |
| ISSN (online) | 1876-2026 |
| ISSN | 1876-2018 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102815 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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