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Article: India in the pandemic age.

Guha, Sumit

2020 Volume 55, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) 13–30

Abstract: ... was united by the establishment of intensive connections by sea after 1500. India was a major ... to India only after 1800. It then looks at three great pandemics: cholera, bubonic plague and lethal ... state action in independent India was nevertheless accompanied by the effective collapse of government ...

Abstract	COVID-19 is only the latest in a series of global pandemics that began when the world of disease was united by the establishment of intensive connections by sea after 1500. India was a major participant in this process. A pandemic has both direct and indirect effects. Human reactions to mass illness both mitigate and enhance these effects. The networks of transmission are paralleled by networks of private and public information. But aggregated information only becomes available as governmental information systems take shape. This article explains the use of quarantine as emerging from both. It then explains why it was introduced to India only after 1800. It then looks at three great pandemics: cholera, bubonic plague and lethal influenza and governmental and societal responses to each of these. The article analyses the subsidence of pandemics into chronic presences ('background') that nonetheless contributed significantly ill-health, poverty and early death for hundreds of millions. But there is a paradox after Independence. Successful state action in independent India was nevertheless accompanied by the effective collapse of government information systems. This contributed to the massive economic damage from what should have been a minor episode of plague in 1994. The article thus reviews what we know about the effects of the pandemic, epidemic and chronic background phenomena on the economic life of Indian sub-continent through the past 500 years.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-14
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2658831-6
ISSN	2520-1778 ; 0019-4670
ISSN (online)	2520-1778
ISSN	0019-4670
DOI	10.1007/s41775-020-00088-0
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Article: India in the pandemic age

Guha, Sumit

Indian Econ Rev

Abstract	COVID-19 is only the latest in a series of global pandemics that began when the world of disease was united by the establishment of intensive connections by sea after 1500. India was a major participant in this process. A pandemic has both direct and indirect effects. Human reactions to mass illness both mitigate and enhance these effects. The networks of transmission are paralleled by networks of private and public information. But aggregated information only becomes available as governmental information systems take shape. This article explains the use of quarantine as emerging from both. It then explains why it was introduced to India only after 1800. It then looks at three great pandemics: cholera, bubonic plague and lethal influenza and governmental and societal responses to each of these. The article analyses the subsidence of pandemics into chronic presences ('background') that nonetheless contributed significantly ill-health, poverty and early death for hundreds of millions. But there is a paradox after Independence. Successful state action in independent India was nevertheless accompanied by the effective collapse of government information systems. This contributed to the massive economic damage from what should have been a minor episode of plague in 1994. The article thus reviews what we know about the effects of the pandemic, epidemic and chronic background phenomena on the economic life of Indian sub-continent through the past 500 years.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #718031
Database	COVID19

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Article: Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on Stunting, Wasting, and Underweight Among Children Under Two Years of Age Born During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Central India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Wakode, Naina / Bajpai, Kushagra / Trushna, Tanwi / Wakode, Santosh / Garg, Kushagra / Wakode, Ankur

Cureus

2024 Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) e56381

Abstract: ... tertiary care hospital for routine immunization during the study period. Weight-for-length, weight-for-age ... and length-for-age were compared with reference values to obtain corresponding z-scores. Children ... can exacerbate the already high burden of childhood undernutrition in India. Method A cross-sectional study was ...

Abstract	Introduction The adverse effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on maternal and reproductive health extend beyond the immediate morbidity and mortality attributed directly to the disease. Pandemic-induced disruptions in the healthcare, social and economic infrastructures can exacerbate the already high burden of childhood undernutrition in India. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in a selected district of the central Indian province of Madhya Pradesh. Data was collected from eligible children born during the COVID-19 pandemic (February 2020 to December 2021) who visited a selected tertiary care hospital for routine immunization during the study period. Weight-for-length, weight-for-age, and length-for-age were compared with reference values to obtain corresponding z-scores. Children with z-scores two standard deviations below the reference values were considered wasting, underweight and stunting, respectively. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarise the sociodemographic characteristics of participants. The association of sociodemographic, nutritional, and pregnancy-related factors with the z-scores were assessed via unpaired t-test and ANOVA. Result The studied 147 children were in the age group of nine to 29 months, of which 61 (58.1%) were males. Forty-two (28.6%) were found to be underweight, 22 (14.9%) had wasting and 51 (34.7%) were stunted. These prevalences were comparable to the estimates of the National Family Health Survey 2019-2021 (NFHS-5) for Madhya Pradesh and lower than the NFHS-4 (2015-2016), showing no discernible effect of being born during the pandemic on growth indicators. However, mothers' employment and family income were independent predictors of stunting whereas gestational age at birth, maternal education, and prolonged breastfeeding were all substantially linked with wasting in this study. Conclusion This study adds to the evidence base by reporting the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight along with their determinants in central India among children born during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our data did not reflect the expected increase in child malnutrition due to the COVID-19 pandemic-related disruptions in healthcare, social and economic infrastructure. Future research should incorporate the lessons learnt from our study to design a population-based study of under-five children and compare the prevalence of undernutrition in pandemic-born versus non-pandemic-born children.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.56381
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Article: The impact of Covid-19 in Chhattisgarh, India: A descriptive study.

Agrawal, Sanjana / Galhotra, Abhiruchi / Gahwai, Dharmendra / Dayama, Sonal

Journal of family medicine and primary care

2024 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 221–229

Abstract: Background: India is among the most severely affected countries in the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic ... 7.87%). Around 50% of the deceased were of age 65 years or above. The male deaths were twice ... Covid-19 deaths in India. Chhattisgarh, the twelfth-highest affected state by Covid-19 disease, has had ...

Abstract	Background: India is among the most severely affected countries in the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, second to the USA. Until July 2022, there were 43 million confirmed Covid-19 cases, with 0.53 million Covid-19 deaths in India. Chhattisgarh, the twelfth-highest affected state by Covid-19 disease, has had an enormous mortality toll, with 14,046 deaths by 15 Materials and methods: All Covid-19 deaths that occurred between September 2021 to February 2022 were line-listed, and family members of all who died in the hospital were interviewed. Results: 356 Covid-19 deaths were included in the present study. The top three districts which observed maximum deaths (63.48%) were Raipur (27.53%), Durg (15.45%), and Bilaspur (7.87%). Around 50% of the deceased were of age 65 years or above. The male deaths were twice as compared to the female deaths. The RT-PCR was the most used testing method, followed by RAT. Most of the admissions (58%) were in a government facility. Among the deceased, 60% had one or two associated comorbidities. Hypertension and Diabetes were the most common comorbidity identified. Almost 90% of patients were symptomatic. Breathlessness was the most common symptom. Half of the deceased were not vaccinated. The median expenditure on Covid-19 management was ₹ 50,000 (€ 565.13). Conclusion: The deaths in the study were urban-centric. Higher Covid-19 mortality was observed in unvaccinated older men (≥65 years) with one or more comorbidity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-08
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2735275-4
ISSN	2278-7135 ; 2249-4863
ISSN (online)	2278-7135
ISSN	2249-4863
DOI	10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1012_23
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Article ; Online: Contraceptive behavior of women in India after induced abortion.

Das, Labhita / Shekhar, Chander

Reproductive health

2024 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 60

Abstract: ... any contraceptive method after abortion. Uptake of post abortion contraception is quite low in India. Effort should be ... 14% women preferred adopting short term modern methods. Women in early reproductive age ... Putting an end to the silent pandemic of unsafe abortion is a major public health concern globally ...

Abstract	Putting an end to the silent pandemic of unsafe abortion is a major public health concern globally. Adoption of post-abortion contraception is documented as a significant contributor to reduce the number of unintended pregnancies and number of induced abortions. This study aimed at investigating the post abortion contraceptive behavior of Indian women exploring the determinants of post-abortion contraceptive uptake. Retrospective calendar data for 6,862 women aged 15-49 years from fifth round of National Family Health Survey (2019-2021) was used for the study. Multinomial logistic regression method was used to model the determinant factors to post-abortion contraceptive uptake. 72.6% women reported adopting no method of contraception after the abortion procedure. A total of 27.4% women adopted some method of contraception after abortion. 14% women preferred adopting short term modern methods. Women in early reproductive age group which is the most vulnerable group in experiencing unintended pregnancies are less likely to adopt any contraceptive method after abortion. Uptake of post abortion contraception is quite low in India. Effort should be taken in the direction of bringing awareness through provision of targeted contraceptive counselling after abortion.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Abortion, Induced/psychology ; Abortion, Induced/statistics & numerical data ; Contraception Behavior/statistics & numerical data ; Contraception Behavior/psychology ; Adolescent ; India/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Contraception/statistics & numerical data ; Contraception/methods ; Contraception/psychology ; Retrospective Studies ; Pregnancy, Unplanned/psychology ; Family Planning Services/statistics & numerical data ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2149029-6
ISSN	1742-4755 ; 1742-4755
ISSN (online)	1742-4755
ISSN	1742-4755
DOI	10.1186/s12978-024-01802-4
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Article ; Online: An audit of hysterectomy in a teaching hospital in India: Story of a decade.

Pandey, Deeksha / Hebbar, Shripad / Reddy Inukollu, Pranadeep / Lobo, Viwal Venisa / Bansal, Suvrati / Solipuram, Divya / Suhas, Nagashree / Habibullah, Sarah Arsalan / Popat, Rishi Jitesh / Agrawal, Akshita / Mg, Sayyad

Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA

2023 Volume 86, Issue 5, Page(s) 506–514

Abstract: ... of hysterectomy, will bring down the rate in countries such as India. ... The indications, age distribution, surgical approach, and complications have remained almost same.: Conclusion ... 476), barring the coronavirus 19 pandemic year. The proportion of hysterectomy ...

Abstract	Background: The appropriateness of hysterectomy has gained an interest in scrutiny and debate. Periodic audits of the prevailing clinical practices are imperative for insight, and to formulate recommendations and guidelines. We report the temporal trends of hysterectomies, over the last 10 years in a teaching hospital. Methods: Present study involved all patients who underwent hysterectomy at a teaching hospital, from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021. Patients were identified by medical record tracking using International Classification of Diseases-9 codes. Case records were reviewed for demography, indication for surgery, approach, complications, hospital stay, and histopathological correlation. Results: Over the years the absolute number of hysterectomies in our hospital has ranged from 414 to 597 (mean 476), barring the coronavirus 19 pandemic year. The proportion of hysterectomy among all gynaecological admissions has ranged from 6% to 9%, except in 2020 where this proportion dropped down to 4%. The indications, age distribution, surgical approach, and complications have remained almost same. Conclusion: We report a static trend in hysterectomy over the past 10 years. This audit provides an insight for the need of shifting the abdominal to vaginal route, in carefully chosen patients. This will be beneficial for the patients, and for the trainees, where they can learn under supervision. Availability and patient education about the nonsurgical management options for benign gynecological conditions, as well as awareness about sequelae of hysterectomy, will bring down the rate in countries such as India.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Hysterectomy ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Abdomen ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2107283-8
ISSN	1728-7731 ; 1726-4901
ISSN (online)	1728-7731
ISSN	1726-4901
DOI	10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000885
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Article: Quality of Life and Its Biopsychosocial Determinants: A Study Among the Yadav Community From Delhi, India.

Rao, Kirti / Goswami, Vaidehi / Chandel, Shivani

Cureus

2024 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) e54690

Abstract: Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has not only affected the physical and mental health of people ... of Delhi. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 participants aged 18 to 55 years ... Participants were recruited based on inclusion criteria, that is, individuals aged between 18 and 55 years ...

Abstract	Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has not only affected the physical and mental health of people but has also had a detrimental impact on their quality of life (QoL). Therefore, ways to improve the QoL must be promoted for the overall well-being of individuals and society. The present study aims to assess the status of QoL and understand its association with physical and mental variables among the Yadav community of Delhi. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 participants aged 18 to 55 years. Participants were recruited based on inclusion criteria, that is, individuals aged between 18 and 55 years, residing in Delhi, belonging to the Yadav community, and exclusion criteria, that is, pregnant females, lactating mothers, and individuals with any chronic illness or suffering from COVID-19. Data were analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York) using various descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Mental disorders were found to have a negative impact on QoL. The participants detected with higher levels of stress and depression reported a significant decrease in their scores (p ≤ 0.001) across all the domains of QoL. Hypertensive individuals have significantly lower mean scores than normal individuals across all domains. The regression analysis revealed that all these predictors have a negative impact on QoL. The present study indicated that women have a lower QoL than men. Among the four domains of QoL, the participants in the social domain had the highest proportion of good QoL, followed by the environmental domain. Conclusion This study reveals that the predictors of physical and mental health adversities have a negative association with QoL, and the results were significant across all the domains. It affects an individual's overall well-being, leading to decreased productivity, work-life balance, and happiness. The status of QoL among the participants was poor in the psychological domain and good in the social domain. Intervention programs based on diverse sociocultural practices should be targeted toward improving QoL by understanding the health needs and risks of different communities in Delhi.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.54690
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Article ; Online: Cohort Profile: Real-Time Insights of COVID-19 in India (RTI COVID-India).

Banerjee, Joyita / Petrosyan, Sarah / Rao, Abhijith R / Jacob, Steffi / Khobragade, Pranali Yogiraj / Weerman, Bas / Chien, Sandy / Angrisani, Marco / Agarwal, Arunika / Madan, Nirupam / Sethi, Tanya / Dey, Sharmistha / Schaner, Simone / Bloom, David E / Lee, Jinkook / Dey, A B

BMC public health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 292

Abstract: ... in the RTI COVID-India survey at least once. Participants were in the age range of 18-102 years, 49% were ... The sample was leveraged from an existing nationally representative study on cognition and dementia in India ... Harmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-DAD). The wave-1 ...

Abstract	Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic caused disruption globally and was particularly distressing in low- and middle-income countries such as India. This study aimed to provide population representative estimates of COVID-related outcomes in India over time and characterize how COVID-related changes and impacts differ by key socioeconomic groups across the life course. Methods: The sample was leveraged from an existing nationally representative study on cognition and dementia in India: Harmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-DAD). The wave-1 of LASI-DAD enrolled 4096 older adults aged 60 years and older in 3316 households from 18 states and union territories of India. Out of the 3316 LASI-DAD households, 2704 with valid phone numbers were contacted and invited to participate in the Real-Time Insights COVID-19 in India (RTI COVID-India) study. RTI COVID-India was a bi-monthly phone survey that provided insight into the individual's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour towards COVID-19 and changes in the household's economic and health conditions throughout the pandemic. The survey was started in May 2020 and 9 rounds of data have been collected. Findings till date: Out of the 2704 LASI-DAD households with valid phone numbers, 1766 households participated in the RTI COVID-India survey at least once. Participants were in the age range of 18-102 years, 49% were female, 66% resided in rural area. Across all rounds, there was a higher report of infection among respondents aged 60-69 years. There was a greater prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosis reported in urban (23.0%) compared to rural areas (9.8%). Respondents with higher education had a greater prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosis compared to those with lower or no formal education. Highest prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosis was reported from high economic status compared to middle and low economic status households. Comparing education gradients in experiencing COVID-19 symptoms and being diagnosed, we observe an opposite pattern: respondents with no formal schooling reported the highest level of experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, whereas the greatest proportion of the respondents with secondary school or higher education reported being diagnosed with COVID-19. Future plans: The study group will analyse the data collected showing the real-time changes throughout the pandemic and will make the data widely available for researchers to conduct further studies.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Male ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19 Testing ; Aging ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Dementia ; India/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-023-15084-1
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Article ; Online: One health system strengthening in India

Sandul Yasobant / Deepak Saxena / Pankaj Bhardwaj / Zahiruddin Syed Quazi

Indian Journal of Community Medicine, Vol 48, Iss 6, Pp 814-

Co-creating one health workforce to combat future pandemics

2023 Volume 816

Abstract: One Health has been coming of age through the G7 and G20 leadership and explicitly referred ... resilience is one of the key features of pandemic preparedness. Among others, health system strengthening is ... another key factor that urgently requires much attention in the theme of pandemic preparedness. Here, how ...

Abstract	One Health has been coming of age through the G7 and G20 leadership and explicitly referred to in increasing ministerial declarations. Those leaderships, however, have been slow in knitting the One Health approach into the larger systems approach. by understanding the complexity of resilience and health system resilience is one of the key features of pandemic preparedness. Among others, health system strengthening is another key factor that urgently requires much attention in the theme of pandemic preparedness. Here, how the health system strengthening requires more imperative attention in the One Health gambit is discussed in the Indian context.
Keywords	health system strengthening ; india ; one health system ; pandemic prevention ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: QTc interval of healthcare workers from India

Shreyas Gutte / Mohan Gurjar / Om Prakash Sanjeev / Dharmendra Bhadauria / Aditya Kapoor / Prabhaker Mishra / Afzal Azim / Banani Poddar

Indian Journal of Community Medicine, Vol 48, Iss 3, Pp 497-

Baseline and effect of hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis during the COVID-19 pandemic

2023 Volume 500

Abstract: ... for males was considered. Results: A baseline ECG was analyzed for 250 HCWs with a median age of 35 (30–43 ... in males. A follow-up ECG after HCQ intake for 43 HCWs was further analyzed. They had a median age of 35 ... disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Methods: At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, as per the Indian ...

Abstract	Background: The aim of this study was to access the incidence of prolonged QTc interval and changes, if any, among Indian healthcare workers (HCWs) taking hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) prophylaxis while managing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Methods: At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, as per the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) policy, HCWs were advised to take HCQ as prophylaxis after getting an electrocardiogram (ECG) while being posted to look after COVID-19 patients. A follow-up ECG was repeated for those who took HCQ. The normal upper limit for QTc interval of 460 milliseconds (ms) for females and 450 ms for males was considered. Results: A baseline ECG was analyzed for 250 HCWs with a median age of 35 (30–43) years. The median QTc was 410 (395–421) ms with the prevalence of prolonged QTc of 1.8% in females and 0% in males. A follow-up ECG after HCQ intake for 43 HCWs was further analyzed. They had a median age of 35 (31–39) years and took an average dose of HCQ of 2372 ± 839 mg. Pre- and post-HCQ chemoprophylaxis QTc interval (ms) was as follows: 408 (386–419) and 405 (387–417), with P = 0.434, respectively. Conclusion: Among Indian HCWs, the prevalence of prolonged QTc is 1.8% and 0% in females and males, respectively. HCQ intake as chemoprophylaxis for COVID-19 did not affect their QTc interval.
Keywords	electrocardiogram ; healthcare workers ; hydroxychloroquine ; qtc ; sars-cov-2 infection ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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