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Article: COVID-19: Main therapeutic options.

Hachfi, Wissem / Ben Lasfar, Nadia

2020 Volume 98, Issue 4, Page(s) 299–303

MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Coronavirus/genetics ; Coronavirus/isolation & purification ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use ; Immunization, Passive ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; Viral Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; COVID-19 vaccine ; Viral Vaccines ; Hydroxychloroquine (4QWG6N8QKH)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-11
Publishing country	Tunisia
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	128627-4
ISSN	0041-4131
ISSN	0041-4131
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Article: COVID-19: Main therapeutic options

Hachfi, Wissem / Ben Lasfar, Nadia

Tunis Med

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32395792
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Pulmonale Manifestationen bei Long-COVID.

Sommer, Natascha / Schmeck, Bernd

Innere medizin (Heidelberg, Germany)

2022 Volume 63, Issue 8, Page(s) 819–829

Abstract: ... a pulmonary vascular component. The therapeutic options currently include treatment of the underlying causes ... found after a severe acute course of COVID-19 and include radiological changes with characteristics ... is the most common symptom in patients with long COVID syndrome. Pathological findings are mainly ...

Title translation	Pulmonary manifestations in long COVID.
Abstract	Background: Pulmonary manifestations are very common sequelae after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, which are summarized under the term long COVID (coronavirus disease) syndrome. Aim/methods: This article summarizes the current literature on pulmonary manifestations with a focus on expert opinions and recommendations. Results: After chronic fatigue, dyspnea is the most common symptom in patients with long COVID syndrome. Pathological findings are mainly found after a severe acute course of COVID-19 and include radiological changes with characteristics of interstitial lung diseases, restrictive ventilation patterns and limitations in diffusion capacity as the most common pathological finding. Although both symptoms and pathological pulmonary alterations improve over time, some patients may still suffer from abnormalities months after the acute infection. The relevance of the pathological findings, as well as the involvement of functional respiratory limitations, cardiopulmonary deconditioning, non-somatic causes and pre-existing lung diseases, is currently unclear. The advanced diagnostic assessment thus focusses on high-risk patients and includes, in addition to imaging and pulmonary function tests, a cardiopulmonary exercise test and, if the findings are unclear, an echocardiography to diagnose a pulmonary vascular component. The therapeutic options currently include treatment of the underlying causes of the symptoms (e.g. interstitial lung diseases, cough) according to the respective guidelines and rehabilitation measures. Discussion: The current knowledge about pulmonary manifestations in long COVID patients is constantly being expanded, but due to limited availability of clinical trials, there are still no evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and therapy of pulmonary manifestations in long COVID syndrome.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/complications ; Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	German
Publishing date	2022-07-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2731-7099
ISSN (online)	2731-7099
DOI	10.1007/s00108-022-01371-3
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Article ; Online: Proteomic characteristics of the treatment trajectory of patients with COVID-19.

Li, Xue / Ding, Guilan / Li, Shilin / Liu, Chun / Zheng, Xiangde / Luo, Jinliang / He, Sichun / Zeng, Fanwei / Huang, Xuan / Zeng, Fanxin

Archives of virology

2024 Volume 169, Issue 4, Page(s) 84

Abstract: ... between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls, mainly involving pathways associated with cell processes ... The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has prompted global concern due to its profound ... impact on public health and the economy. Effective treatment of COVID-19 patients in the acute phase or ...

Abstract	The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has prompted global concern due to its profound impact on public health and the economy. Effective treatment of COVID-19 patients in the acute phase or of those with long COVID is a major challenge. Using data-independent acquisition (DIA) technology, we performed proteomic profiling on plasma samples from 22 COVID-19 patients and six healthy controls at Dazhou Central Hospital. Random forest and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithms were used for analysis at various COVID-19 treatment stages. We identified 79 proteins that were differentially expressed between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls, mainly involving pathways associated with cell processes and binding. Across different treatment stages of COVID-19, five proteins-PI16, GPLD1, IGFBP3, KRT19, and VCAM1-were identified as potential molecular markers for dynamic disease monitoring. Furthermore, the proteins BTD, APOM, IGKV2-28, VWF, C4BPA, and C7 were identified as candidate biomarkers for distinguishing between SARS-CoV-2 positivity and negativity. Analysis of protein change profiles between the follow-up and healthy control groups highlighted cardiovascular changes as a concern for patients recovering from COVID-19. Our study revealed the infection profiles of SARS-CoV-2 at the protein expression level comparing different phases of COVID-19. DIA mass spectrometry analysis of plasma samples from COVID-19 patients undergoing treatment identified key proteins involved in signaling pathways that might be used as markers of the recovery phase. These findings provide insight for the development of therapy options and suggest potential blood biomarkers for COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Proteomics/methods ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-27
Publishing country	Austria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	7491-3
ISSN	1432-8798 ; 0304-8608
ISSN (online)	1432-8798
ISSN	0304-8608
DOI	10.1007/s00705-024-05991-y
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Article ; Online: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on SLE.

Zhao, Xingwang / Wu, Haohao / Li, Shifei / Gao, Cuie / Wang, Juan / Ge, Lan / Song, Zhiqiang / Ni, Bing / You, Yi

Modern rheumatology

2023 Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 247–264

Abstract: ... options for patients with SLE infected with COVID-19. ... Little is known about the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and ... with many questions during the pandemic in COVID-19, such as how to minimize risk of infection, the complex ...

Abstract	Little is known about the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and autoimmune diseases, especially in the case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE patients met with many questions during the pandemic in COVID-19, such as how to minimize risk of infection, the complex pathological features and cytokine profiles, diagnosis and treatment, rational choice of drugs and vaccine, good nursing, psychological supervision, and so on. In this study, we review and discuss the multifaceted effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients living with SLE using the available literature. Cross-talk in implicated inflammatory pathways/mechanisms exists between SLE and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and SARS-CoV-2 displays similar clinical characteristics and immuno-inflammatory responses to SLE. Current epidemiological data inadequately assess the risk and severity of COVID-19 infection in patients with SLE. More evidence has shown that hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine cannot prevent COVID-19. During the pandemic, patients with SLE had a higher rate of hospitalization. Vaccination helps to reduce the risk of infection. Several therapies for patients with SLE infected with COVID-19 are discussed. The cases in the study can provide meaningful information for clinical diagnosis and management. Our main aim is to help preventing infection and highlight treatment options for patients with SLE infected with COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/complications ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy ; Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Hydroxychloroquine (4QWG6N8QKH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2078157-X
ISSN	1439-7609 ; 1439-7595
ISSN (online)	1439-7609
ISSN	1439-7595
DOI	10.1093/mr/road030
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Article ; Online: Fungal pathogens and COVID-19.

Singh, Ashutosh / Kaur, Amtoj / Chowdhary, Anuradha

Current opinion in microbiology

2023 Volume 75, Page(s) 102365

Abstract: ... treatment options make secondary fungal infections among COVID-19 patients more burdensome, which results ... COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the complications of secondary fungal infections that occurred ... susceptibility to fungal infections in COVID-19 patient populations. These invasive fungal infections directly ...

Abstract	COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the complications of secondary fungal infections that occurred globally in severe cases of coronavirus disease managed in the intensive care units. Furthermore, varied underlying host factors, such as preexisting immunosuppression, the use of immunomodulatory agents, and invasive procedures predisposing lung tissues to fungal colonization and proliferation, caused increased susceptibility to fungal infections in COVID-19 patient populations. These invasive fungal infections directly impact the overall length of hospitalization and mortality. The most commonly reported fungal infections in patients with COVID-19 include aspergillosis, invasive candidiasis, and mucormycosis. An overall worldwide increase in the prevalence of candidiasis and aspergillosis was observed in COVID-19 patients , whereas outbreaks of mucormycosis were mainly recorded from India. Diagnostic challenges and limited antifungal treatment options make secondary fungal infections among COVID-19 patients more burdensome, which results in improper management and increased mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; Mucormycosis/drug therapy ; Pandemics ; Aspergillosis ; Candidiasis ; Coinfection
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1418474-6
ISSN	1879-0364 ; 1369-5274
ISSN (online)	1879-0364
ISSN	1369-5274
DOI	10.1016/j.mib.2023.102365
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Article: Statins: Beneficial Effects in Treatment of COVID-19.

Lashgari, Naser-Aldin / Roudsari, Nazanin Momeni / Shamsnia, Hedieh / Shayan, Maryam / Momtaz, Saeideh / Abdolghaffari, Amir Hossein / Matbou Riahi, Maryam / Jamialahmadi, Tannaz / Guest, Paul C / Reiner, Željko / Sahebkar, Amirhossein

Advances in experimental medicine and biology

2023 Volume 1412, Page(s) 457–476

Abstract: The recent viral disease COVID-19 has attracted much attention. The disease is caused by SARS-CoV ... well known for controlling hypercholesterolemia and may serve to treat COVID-19 due ... effects of statins and their possible beneficial effects in COVID-19 treatment are discussed. Data were ...

Abstract	The recent viral disease COVID-19 has attracted much attention. The disease is caused by SARS-CoV-19 virus which has different variants and mutations. The mortality rate of SARS-CoV-19 is high and efforts to establish proper therapeutic solutions are still ongoing. Inflammation plays a substantial part in the pathogenesis of this disease causing mainly lung tissue destruction and eventually death. Therefore, anti-inflammatory drugs or treatments that can inhibit inflammation are important options. Various inflammatory pathways such as nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB), signal transducer of activators of transcription (STAT), nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP), toll-like receptors (TLRs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways and mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (INF-γ), cause cell apoptosis, reduce respiratory capacity and oxygen supply, eventually inducing respiratory system failure and death. Statins are well known for controlling hypercholesterolemia and may serve to treat COVID-19 due to their pleiotropic effects among which are anti-inflammatory in nature. In this chapter, the anti-inflammatory effects of statins and their possible beneficial effects in COVID-19 treatment are discussed. Data were collected from experimental and clinical studies in English (1998-October 2022) from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Interleukin-6
Chemical Substances	Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Interleukin-6
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2214-8019 ; 0065-2598
ISSN (online)	2214-8019
ISSN	0065-2598
DOI	10.1007/978-3-031-28012-2_25
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Article ; Online: Host-Based Treatments for Severe COVID-19.

Mondini, Lucrezia / Salton, Francesco / Trotta, Liliana / Bozzi, Chiara / Pozzan, Riccardo / Barbieri, Mariangela / Tavano, Stefano / Lerda, Selene / Hughes, Michael / Confalonieri, Marco / Confalonieri, Paola / Ruaro, Barbara

Current issues in molecular biology

2023 Volume 45, Issue 4, Page(s) 3102–3121

Abstract: ... In this review, we analysed the main therapeutic options available to date based on modulating the host ... COVID-19 has been a global health problem since 2020. There are different spectrums ... to intensive care units and life-support therapies, mainly due to severe pneumonia. The progressive understanding ...

Abstract	COVID-19 has been a global health problem since 2020. There are different spectrums of manifestation of this disease, ranging from asymptomatic to extremely severe forms requiring admission to intensive care units and life-support therapies, mainly due to severe pneumonia. The progressive understanding of this disease has allowed researchers and clinicians to implement different therapeutic alternatives, depending on both the severity of clinical involvement and the causative molecular mechanism that has been progressively explored. In this review, we analysed the main therapeutic options available to date based on modulating the host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with severe and critical illness. Although current guidelines are moving toward a personalised treatment approach titrated on the timing of presentation, disease severity, and laboratory parameters, future research is needed to identify additional biomarkers that can anticipate the disease course and guide targeted interventions on an individual basis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2000024-8
ISSN	1467-3045 ; 1467-3037
ISSN (online)	1467-3045
ISSN	1467-3037
DOI	10.3390/cimb45040203
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Article: Inflammatory reflex disruption in COVID-19.

Hajiasgharzadeh, Khalil / Jafarlou, Mahdi / Mansoori, Behzad / Dastmalchi, Narges / Baradaran, Behzad / Khabbazi, Alireza

Clinical & experimental neuroimmunology

2022

Abstract: ... illness and eventually death. Although the main clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is often seen ... of effective therapeutic options, and all the possible treatments must be considered for the control ... in late 2019 and caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is still a global pandemic. In most ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is still a global pandemic. In most infected people, SARS-CoV-2 can only cause moderate symptoms, while in other patients, it leads to severe illness and eventually death. Although the main clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is often seen in the lungs, this disease affects almost all body organs. The excessive and prolonged release of inflammatory cytokines that may occur in COVID-19 patients, known as cytokine storms, stimulates undesired immune responses and can cause various tissues damage. In the current review article, we focus on the potential advantages of the intrinsic cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) as the efferent arm of inflammatory reflex in COVID-19 management. Considering this endogenous protective mechanism against chronic inflammation, we focused on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the destruction of this anti-inflammatory system. Several studies indicated the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the alpha7 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as the effector molecule of the inflammatory reflex. On the other hand, neurological manifestations have increasingly been identified as significant extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. The rational connection between these findings and COVID-19 pathogenesis may be an important issue in both our understanding and dealing with this disease. COVID-19 is deeply rooted in our daily life and requires an urgent need for the establishment of effective therapeutic options, and all the possible treatments must be considered for the control of such inflammatory conditions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1759-1961
ISSN	1759-1961
DOI	10.1111/cen3.12703
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Article: Healing Treatments in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review.

Sixt, Thibault / Moretto, Florian / Esteve, Clementine / Duong, Michel / Buisson, Marielle / Mahy, Sophie / Blot, Mathieu / Piroth, Lionel

Journal of clinical medicine

2023 Volume 12, Issue 14

Abstract: ... healing options evaluated for patients suffering from COVID-19. We focus particularly on healing ... treatments of COVID-19 and do not deal with preventive treatments such as vaccine. Associated therapies ... CoV-2 induced disease (COVID-19), including many repositioned drugs and some others specifically ...

Abstract	Since December 2019, many drugs have been evaluated or advocated as potential treatments of SARS-CoV-2 induced disease (COVID-19), including many repositioned drugs and some others specifically developed for these diseases. They can be roughly classified into three categories according to their main mechanism of action (passive immunization, direct antivirals, and anti-inflammatory treatments), and their use depends on the stage of the disease. Despite often promising preclinical data, most of the treatments evaluated failed to show a significant clinical benefit. In addition, a few others have seen their effectiveness affected by the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and sub-variants. Herein, the aim of this article is to take stock of the data available as of the 14th of July 2022, concerning the specific healing options evaluated for patients suffering from COVID-19. We focus particularly on healing treatments of COVID-19 and do not deal with preventive treatments such as vaccine. Associated therapies such as venous thromboembolism prophylaxis are not detailed since they are covered in a specific chapter of this issue. Passive immunization, especially through monoclonal antibodies, showed a positive impact on the clinical evolution, whether in outpatients or inpatients without oxygen supply. However, their effectiveness strongly depends on the type of SARS-CoV-2 variant, and often decreases or even vanishes with the most recent variants. Among direct antiviral treatments, ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir appears to currently be the cornerstone in the management of early infections, but its use may be limited by drug interactions. Remdesivir remains as an alternative in this situation, even though it is potentially less convenient. Anti-inflammatory treatments have often been shown to be the most effective in inpatients with oxygen supply. Dexamethasone is now a cornerstone of management of these patients. Added tocilizumab seems beneficial in the case of hyper inflammation. JAK inhibitors and anakinra have also gained an interest in some studies. As a conclusion of this narrative review, the best treatment strategy has yet to be defined and is likely to evolve in the future, not only because many other drugs are still under development and evaluation, but also because of the viral epidemics and epidemiology evolution.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm12144672
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