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Article: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Han, Jing / Jia, Ruofei / Yang, Chengzhi / Jin, Zening

International journal of general medicine

2021 Volume 14, Page(s) 3119–3124

Abstract: ... 9 [9.7%] vs 0 [0%], p=0.004).: Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected one ... Aim: The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in 2019 has negatively impacted the care of patients ... with other life-threatening diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there is little ...

Abstract	Aim: The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in 2019 has negatively impacted the care of patients with other life-threatening diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there is little published information concerning the depth of the impact on the clinical management and outcome following AMI. Methods: We enrolled patients with AMI who received urgent primary percutaneous coronary intervention at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital (Beijing, China) between December 1, 2019 and April 10, 2020. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts, the pre-COVID-19 group (from December 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020) and during-COVID-19 group (from February 1, 2020 to April 10, 2020) for analysis. The door-to-balloon (D to B) time, total hospitalization stay (days) and coronary care unit (CCU) hospitalization days were calculated. New York Heart Association heart functional class (NYHA class), re-hospitalization and death ratio in patients were assessed between the two cohorts. Results: A total of 148 AMI patients were enrolled in this study comprising 53 patients pre-COVID-19 group and 95 patients during-COVID-19 group. Patients with AMI during-COVID-19 group had longer symptom onset to hospital time (4.5 [2.0-9.3] vs 3.0 [2.0-5.0] hours, p = 0.013) and D to B time (96 [74-119] vs 67 [52-81] minutes, p <0.001); the D to B time shortened during the study period. The two cohorts did not have significantly different number of hospitalization days, re-hospitalization rates, peak cTnI, BNP or death rates. For the one-year follow-up, the patients in the during-COVID-19 group were classified as NYHA class III-IV more frequently (9 [9.7%] vs 0 [0%], p=0.004). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected one measure of critical care of patients with AMI, NYHA classification, which may have resulted in increased medical expenses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-02
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2452220-X
ISSN	1178-7074
ISSN	1178-7074
DOI	10.2147/IJGM.S313165
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Article ; Online: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Han J / Jia R / Yang C / Jin Z

International Journal of General Medicine, Vol Volume 14, Pp 3119-

2021 Volume 3124

Abstract: ... in increased medical expenses.Keywords: acute myocardial infarction, COVID-19 pandemic, in-hospital outcome ... more frequently (9 [9.7%] vs 0 [0%], p=0.004).Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected ... Republic of ChinaEmail jin_zening@ccmu.edu.cnAim: The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in 2019 has ...

Abstract	Jing Han,* Ruofei Jia,* Chengzhi Yang,* Zening Jin Department of Cardiology and Macrovascular Disease, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zening JinDepartment of Cardiology and Macrovascular Disease, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Beijing, 100070, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail jin_zening@ccmu.edu.cnAim: The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in 2019 has negatively impacted the care of patients with other life-threatening diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there is little published information concerning the depth of the impact on the clinical management and outcome following AMI.Methods: We enrolled patients with AMI who received urgent primary percutaneous coronary intervention at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital (Beijing, China) between December 1, 2019 and April 10, 2020. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts, the pre-COVID-19 group (from December 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020) and during-COVID-19 group (from February 1, 2020 to April 10, 2020) for analysis. The door-to-balloon (D to B) time, total hospitalization stay (days) and coronary care unit (CCU) hospitalization days were calculated. New York Heart Association heart functional class (NYHA class), re-hospitalization and death ratio in patients were assessed between the two cohorts.Results: A total of 148 AMI patients were enrolled in this study comprising 53 patients pre-COVID-19 group and 95 patients during-COVID-19 group. Patients with AMI during-COVID-19 group had longer symptom onset to hospital time (4.5 [2.0– 9.3] vs 3.0 [2.0– 5.0] hours, p = 0.013) and D to B time (96 [74– 119] vs 67 [52– 81] minutes, p < 0.001); the D to B time shortened during the study period. The two cohorts did not have significantly different number of hospitalization days, re-hospitalization rates, peak cTnI, BNP or death rates. For the one-year follow-up, the patients in the during-COVID-19 group were classified as NYHA class III–IV more frequently (9 [9.7%] vs 0 [0%], p=0.004).Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected one measure of critical care of patients with AMI, NYHA classification, which may have resulted in increased medical expenses.Keywords: acute myocardial infarction, COVID-19 pandemic, in-hospital outcome, New York Heart Association heart functional class
Keywords	acute myocardial infarction ; covid-19 pandemic ; in-hospital outcome ; new york heart association heart functional class ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Dove Medical Press
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Importance of Telemedicine in Managing Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients: Preliminary Experience and Literature Review.

Nan, Jing / Jia, Ruofei / Meng, Shuai / Jin, Yubo / Chen, Wei / Hu, Hongyu

Journal of medical systems

2021 Volume 45, Issue 1, Page(s) 9

Abstract: ... and long -term mortality [9-12]. The COVID-19 pandemic placed the management of STEMI patients ... with non-communicable diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are vulnerable to this stress ... 4, 5]. Acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the most critical type of AMI, is ...

Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2), has compromised health care systems and normal management of patients with cardiovascular diseases [1-3]. Patients with non-communicable diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are vulnerable to this stress [4, 5]. Acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the most critical type of AMI, is associated with high mortality even with modern medicine [6-8]. Timely reperfusion therapy is critical for STEMI patients because a short ischemia time is associated with better clinical outcomes and lower acute and long -term mortality [9-12]. The COVID-19 pandemic placed the management of STEMI patients in a difficult situation due to the need to balance timely reperfusion therapy and maintaining strict infection control practices [13, 14]. Telemedicine, which is used to deliver health care services using information or communication technology, provides an opportunity to carry out the evaluation, diagnosis, and even monitor the patients after discharge when social distancing is needed [15]. In this article, we reported our preliminary experience with the usefulness of telemedicine in managing STEMI patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also provided a review of this topic.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/therapy ; Disease Management ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Care/methods ; Risk Assessment ; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis ; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/therapy ; Telemedicine/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	423488-1
ISSN	1573-689X ; 0148-5598
ISSN (online)	1573-689X
ISSN	0148-5598
DOI	10.1007/s10916-020-01703-6
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Article: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Sex and Racial Disparities in Chest Pain Presentation and Management Through the Emergency Department.

Hu, Xuchen / Fanous, Elias / Jackson, Nicholas J / Daso, Gabrielle I / Liang, Icy / McCullough, Lynnell B / Cooper, Richelle J / Horwich, Tamara B / Watson, Karol E / Shah, Janki B / Shahandeh, Negeen / Calfon Press, Marcella A

Cardiology research

2024 Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 90–98

Abstract: ... the pandemic. Disparities in management and outcomes of chest pain encounters remained similar to pre-COVID-19 ... however, the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on these disparities have not been studied. We sought ... to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to pre-existing sex and racial disparities ...

Abstract	Background: Sex and racial disparities in the presentation and management of chest pain persist, however, the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on these disparities have not been studied. We sought to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to pre-existing sex and racial disparities in the presentation, management, and outcomes of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain. Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study with retrospective data collection of patients between January 1, 2016, and May 1, 2022. This was a single study conducted at a quaternary academic medical center of all patients who presented to the ED with a complaint of chest pain or chest pain equivalent symptoms. Patient were further segregated into different groups based on sex (male, female), race, ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, White, and other), and age (18 - 40, 41 - 65, > 65). We compared diagnostic evaluations, treatment decisions, and outcomes during prespecified time points before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: This study included 95,764 chest pain encounters. Total chest pain presentations to the ED fell about 38% during the early pandemic months. Females presented significantly less than males during initial COVID-19 (48% vs. 52%, P < 0.001) and Asian females were least likely to present. There was an increase in the total number of troponins and echocardiograms ordered during peak COVID-19 across both sexes, but females were still less likely to have these tests ordered across all timepoints. The number of coronary angiograms did not increase during peak COVID-19, and females were less likely to undergo coronary angiogram during all timepoints. Finally, females with chest pain were less likely to be diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during all timepoints, while in-hospital deaths were similar between males and females during all timepoints. Conclusions: During COVID-19, females, especially Asian females, were less likely to present to the ED for chest pain. Non-White patients were less likely to present to the ED compared to White patients prior to and during the pandemic. Disparities in management and outcomes of chest pain encounters remained similar to pre-COVID-19, with females receiving less cardiac workup and AMI diagnoses than males, but in-hospital mortality remaining similar between groups and timepoints.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-15
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2598593-0
ISSN	1923-2837 ; 1923-2829
ISSN (online)	1923-2837
ISSN	1923-2829
DOI	10.14740/cr1586
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Article: Impact of chest pain center quality control indicators on mortality risk in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients: a study based on Killip classification.

Zhang, Lingling / Zeng, Jianping / Huang, Haobo / Zhu, Yunlong / Peng, Ke / Liu, Cai / Luo, Fei / Yang, Wenbin / Wu, Mingxin

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

2024 Volume 10, Page(s) 1243436

Abstract: ... standardization of CPC management. The study provides guidance for quality care during COVID-19. ... AMI) management, China's mortality rate for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has ... in STEMI patients receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) during the COVID-19 pandemic ...

Abstract	Background: Despite the crucial role of Chest pain centers (CPCs) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) management, China's mortality rate for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has remained stagnant. This study evaluates the influence of CPC quality control indicators on mortality risk in STEMI patients receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cohort of 664 consecutive STEMI patients undergoing PPCI from 2020 to 2022 was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The cohort was stratified by Killip classification at admission (Class 1: Results: At a median follow-up of 17 months, 35 deaths were recorded. In Class ≥2, longer door-to-balloon (D-to-B) time, PCI informed consent time, catheterization laboratory activation time, and diagnosis-to-loading dose dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) time were associated with increased mortality risk. In Class 1, consultation time (notice to arrival) under 10 min reduced death risk. In Class ≥2, PCI informed consent time under 20 min decreased mortality risk. Conclusion: CPC quality control metrics affect STEMI mortality based on Killip class. Key factors include time indicators and standardization of CPC management. The study provides guidance for quality care during COVID-19.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2781496-8
ISSN	2297-055X
ISSN	2297-055X
DOI	10.3389/fcvm.2023.1243436
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Article: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute coronary syndrome hospital admission and management in Slovenia.

Furlan, Tjaša / Bijec, Janez / Bonča, Petra Došenović / Ograjenšek, Irena / Jug, Borut

Open heart

2023 Volume 10, Issue 2

Abstract: ... identifying numbers. Using interrupted time series analysis, we assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic ... Aims: We evaluated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admission and quality of care ... admissions for STEMI remained stable throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, but NSTEMI and unstable angina ...

Abstract	Aims: We evaluated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admission and quality of care for acute coronary syndrome. Methods and results: Data for all patients admitted to hospital care for acute coronary syndromes in Slovenia (nationwide cohort) between 2014 and 2021 were obtained by merging the national hospital database, national medicines reimbursement database and population mortality registry using unique identifying numbers. Using interrupted time series analysis, we assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admission rates and quality of care (in-hospital and 30-day mortality, reperfusion and secondary preventive medication uptake). Data were fitted to segmented regression models with March 2020 as the breakpoint. Data on 21 001 patients were included (7057 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 7649 non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and 6295 unstable angina). Hospital admissions for STEMI remained stable (92 patients; +1 patient per month, p=0.783), whereas the pandemic was associated with a significant reduction in NSTEMI (81 patients; -21 patients per month, p=0.015) and unstable angina admissions (47 patients; -28 patients per month, p=0.025). In patients with STEMI, the pandemic did not affect reperfusion rates (0.29%, (95% CI) -1.5% to 2.1%, p=0.755) or in-hospital mortality (0.1%, (95% CI) -0.9% to 1.1%, p=0.815), but was associated with a significant negative trend for secondary preventive medication uptake (-0.12%, (95% CI) -0.23% to -0.01%, p=0.034). Conclusion: In Slovenia, hospital admissions for STEMI remained stable throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, but NSTEMI and unstable angina admissions dropped significantly. While mortality and reperfusion rates were not affected, the pandemic was associated with a continual negative time trend for the uptake of secondary preventive medication.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis ; Acute Coronary Syndrome/epidemiology ; Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy ; COVID-19/therapy ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction ; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Slovenia/epidemiology ; Hospitals ; Angina, Unstable/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747269-3
ISSN	2053-3624
ISSN	2053-3624
DOI	10.1136/openhrt-2023-002440
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Article ; Online: Impact of COVID-19 on incidence and outcomes of post-infarction mechanical complications in Europe.

Ronco, Daniele / Matteucci, Matteo / Ravaux, Justine Mafalda / Kowalewski, Mariusz / Massimi, Giulio / Torchio, Federica / Trumello, Cinzia / Naito, Shiho / Bonaros, Nikolaos / De Bonis, Michele / Fina, Dario / Kowalówka, Adam / Deja, Marek / Jiritano, Federica / Serraino, Giuseppe Filiberto / Kalisnik, Jurij Matija / De Vincentiis, Carlo / Ranucci, Marco / Fischlein, Theodor /

Russo, Claudio Francesco / Carrozzini, Massimiliano / Boeken, Udo / Kalampokas, Nikolaos / Golino, Michele / De Ponti, Roberto / Pozzi, Matteo / Obadia, Jean-François / Thielmann, Matthias / Scrofani, Roberto / Blasi, Stefania / Troise, Giovanni / Antona, Carlo / De Martino, Andrea / Falcetta, Giosuè / Actis Dato, Guglielmo / Severgnini, Paolo / Musazzi, Andrea / Lorusso, Roberto

Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery

2023 Volume 37, Issue 6

Abstract: ... of COVID-19, characterized by a significantly higher rate of late-presenting infarction, stable conditions ... papillary muscle rupture. During the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, an overwhelming pressure ... Objectives: Post-acute myocardial infarction mechanical complications (post-AMI MCs) represent ...

Abstract	Objectives: Post-acute myocardial infarction mechanical complications (post-AMI MCs) represent rare but life-threatening conditions, including free-wall rupture, ventricular septal rupture and papillary muscle rupture. During the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, an overwhelming pressure on healthcare systems led to delayed and potentially suboptimal treatments for time-dependent conditions. As AMI-related hospitalizations decreased, limited information is available whether higher rates of post-AMI MCs and related deaths occurred in this setting. This study was aimed to assess how COVID-19 in Europe has impacted the incidence, treatment and outcome of MCs. Methods: The CAUTION-COVID19 study is a multicentre retrospective study collecting 175 patients with post-AMI MCs in 18 centres from 6 European countries, aimed to compare the incidence of such events, related patients' characteristics, and outcomes, between the first year of pandemic and the 2 previous years. Results: A non-significant increase in MCs was observed [odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-1.57; P = 0.364], with stronger growth in ventricular septal rupture diagnoses (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 0.95-2.18; P = 0.090). No significant differences in treatment types and mortality were found between the 2 periods. In-hospital mortality was 50.9% and was higher for conservatively managed cases (90.9%) and lower for surgical patients (44.0%). Patients admitted during COVID-19 more frequently had late-presenting infarction (OR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.24-4.92; P = 0.010), more stable conditions (OR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.27-5.35; P = 0.009) and higher EuroSCORE II (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.06; P = 0.006). Conclusions: A non-significant increase in MCs incidence occurred during the first year of COVID-19, characterized by a significantly higher rate of late-presenting infarction, stable conditions and EuroSCORE-II if compared to pre-pandemic data, without affecting treatment and mortality.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2753-670X
ISSN (online)	2753-670X
DOI	10.1093/icvts/ivad198
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Article: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on STEMI Networks in Central Romania.

Hodas, Roxana / Benedek, Imre / Rat, Nora / Kovacs, Istvan / Chitu, Monica / Benedek, Theodora

Life (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 11, Issue 10

Abstract: ... was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a regional network for management of ST ... The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on cardiovascular emergencies. The aim of this study ... to Q2-2019 (210 vs. 48, : Conclusions: The COVID-19 outbreak did not have a major impact ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on cardiovascular emergencies. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a regional network for management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: We report a single center's experience of patients hospitalized for ACS in a high-volume hub of a STEMI network during the lockdown (in the first pandemic trimester), compared with the same time interval of the previous year and including all consecutive patients referred for an AMI during the second trimester of 2020 (from April to June) or during the same time interval of the previous year, 2019. Results: The absolute number of hospital admissions for AMI decreased by 22.3%, while the non-AMI hospitalizations decreased by 77.14% in Q2-2020 compared to Q2-2019 (210 vs. 48, Conclusions: The COVID-19 outbreak did not have a major impact on the interventional center's functionality, but it limited the capacity of the regional STEMI network to bring the critical patient with complicated STEMI to the cathlab in time during the first months of the lockdown. Even a very well-functioning STEMI network like the one in Central Romania had difficulties bringing the most critical STEMI cases to the cathlab in time.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662250-6
ISSN	2075-1729
ISSN	2075-1729
DOI	10.3390/life11101004
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Article: Impact of concomitant COVID-19 on the outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing coronary artery angiography.

Terlecki, Michał / Wojciechowska, Wiktoria / Klocek, Marek / Olszanecka, Agnieszka / Bednarski, Adam / Drożdż, Tomasz / Pavlinec, Christopher / Lis, Paweł / Zając, Maciej / Rusinek, Jakub / Siudak, Zbigniew / Bartuś, Stanisław / Rajzer, Marek

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 917250

Abstract: Background: The impact of COVID-19 on the outcome of patients with MI has not been studied widely ... pandemic era (non-COVID-19 MI) were assessed. Compared with non-COVID-19 MI, COVID-19 MI was in a more ... admitted due to acute myocardial infarction (MI).: Methods: There was a comparison of retrospective data ...

Abstract	Background: The impact of COVID-19 on the outcome of patients with MI has not been studied widely. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between concomitant COVID-19 and the clinical course of patients admitted due to acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: There was a comparison of retrospective data between patients with MI who were qualified for coronary angiography with concomitant COVID-19 and control group of patients treated for MI in the preceding year before the onset of the pandemic. In-hospital clinical data and the incidence of death from any cause on 30 days were obtained. Results: Data of 39 MI patients with concomitant COVID-19 (COVID-19 MI) and 196 MI patients without COVID-19 in pre-pandemic era (non-COVID-19 MI) were assessed. Compared with non-COVID-19 MI, COVID-19 MI was in a more severe clinical state on admission (lower systolic blood pressure: 128.51 ± 19.76 vs. 141.11 ± 32.47 mmHg, Conclusion: Patients admitted due to MI with COVID-19 have an increased 30-day mortality. Efforts should be focused on infection prevention and implementation of optimal management to improve the outcomes in those patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2781496-8
ISSN	2297-055X
ISSN	2297-055X
DOI	10.3389/fcvm.2022.917250
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Article ; Online: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patient Delay and Clinical Outcomes for Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Choi, Hyohun / Lee, Jang Hoon / Park, Hyuk Kyoon / Lee, Eunkyu / Kim, Myeong Seop / Kim, Hyeon Jeong / Park, Bo Eun / Kim, Hong Nyun / Kim, Namkyun / Jang, Se Yong / Bae, Myung Hwan / Yang, Dong Heon / Park, Hun Sik / Cho, Yongkeun

Journal of Korean medical science

2022 Volume 37, Issue 21, Page(s) e167

Abstract: ... elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-STEMI between the COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic era has ... COVID-19) creates time delays with subsequent impact on mortality in patients with acute ... 403) who underwent coronary angiography during the COVID-19 pandemic (February 1 to April 30, 2020 ...

Abstract	Background: It has been known that the fear of contagion during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) creates time delays with subsequent impact on mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, difference of time delay and clinical outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-STEMI between the COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic era has not been fully investigated yet in Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on time delays and clinical outcome in patients with STEMI or non-STEMI compared to the same period years prior. Methods: A total of 598 patients with STEMI (n = 195) or non-STEMI (n = 403) who underwent coronary angiography during the COVID-19 pandemic (February 1 to April 30, 2020) and pre-pandemic era (February 1 to April 30, 2017, 2018, and 2019) were analyzed in this study. Main outcomes were the incidence of time delay, cardiac arrest, and in-hospital death. Results: There was 13.5% reduction in the number of patients hospitalized with AMI during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic era. In patients with STEMI, door to balloon time tended to be longer during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic era (55.7 ± 12.6 minutes vs. 60.8 ± 13.0 minutes, Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a considerable reduction in hospital admissions for AMI, time delay, and underuse of ACE-I/ARBs for the management of AMI, and this might be closely associated with the excess death in Korea.
MeSH term(s)	Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; COVID-19 ; Heart Arrest ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Pandemics ; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-30
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639262-3
ISSN	1598-6357 ; 1011-8934
ISSN (online)	1598-6357
ISSN	1011-8934
DOI	10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e167
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