Article ; Online: CD28 and IL-4: two heavyweights controlling the balance between immunity and inflammation.
Medical microbiology and immunology
2010 Volume 199, Issue 3, Page(s) 239–246
Abstract: ... immune modulation by CD28 and IL-4 is interconnected through the promotion of IL-4 producing T-helper 2 cells ... in controlling the size and quality of pathogen-specific immune responses. Thus, CD28-mediated costimulation is ... The costimulatory receptor CD28 and IL-4Ralpha containing cytokine receptors play key roles ...
| Abstract | The costimulatory receptor CD28 and IL-4Ralpha containing cytokine receptors play key roles in controlling the size and quality of pathogen-specific immune responses. Thus, CD28-mediated costimulation is needed for effective primary T-cell expansion and for the generation and activation of regulatory T-cells (Treg cells), which protect from immunopathology. Similarly, IL-4Ralpha signals are required for alternative activation of macrophages, which counteract inflammation by type 1 responses. Furthermore,immune modulation by CD28 and IL-4 is interconnected through the promotion of IL-4 producing T-helper 2 cells by CD28 signals. Using conditionally IL-4Ralpha and CD28 deleting mice, as well as monoclonal antibodies, which block or stimulate CD28, or mAb that deplete Treg cells, we have studied the roles of CD28 and IL-4Ralpha in experimental mouse models of virus (influenza), intracellular bacteria (L. monocytogenes, M. tuberculosis), and parasite infections (T. congolense, L. major). We observed that in some, but not all settings, Treg cells and type 2 immune deviation, including activation of alternative macrophages can be manipulated to protect the host either from infection or from immunopathology with an overall beneficial outcome. Furthermore, we provide direct evidence that secondary CD8 T-cell responses to i.c. bacteria are dependent on CD28-mediated costimulation. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Animals ; CD28 Antigens/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Immunity ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-4/immunology ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology ; Listeriosis/immunology ; Listeriosis/pathology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Mice ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Trypanosomiasis, African/immunology ; Trypanosomiasis, African/pathology ; Tuberculosis/immunology ; Tuberculosis/pathology |
| Chemical Substances | CD28 Antigens ; Interleukin-4 (207137-56-2) |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2010-04-14 |
| Publishing country | Germany |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review |
| ZDB-ID | 120933-4 |
| ISSN | 1432-1831 ; 0300-8584 |
| ISSN (online) | 1432-1831 |
| ISSN | 0300-8584 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00430-010-0156-z |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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