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  1. Article ; Online: Testicular Changes Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

    Iakymenko, Oleksii A / Ramasamy, Ranjith / Kryvenko, Oleksandr N

    Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine

    2021  Volume 145, Issue 7, Page(s) 781a–781

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 194119-7
    ISSN 1543-2165 ; 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
    ISSN (online) 1543-2165
    ISSN 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
    DOI 10.5858/arpa.2021-0014-LE
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Testicular Changes Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

    Flaifel, Abdallah / Guzzetta, Melissa / Occidental, Michael / Najari, Bobby B / Melamed, Jonathan / Thomas, Kristen M / Deng, Fang-Ming

    Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine

    2020  Volume 145, Issue 1, Page(s) 8–9

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/pathology ; Cadaver ; Epididymis/pathology ; Epididymis/virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxidative Stress ; Testis/pathology ; Testis/virology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 194119-7
    ISSN 1543-2165 ; 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
    ISSN (online) 1543-2165
    ISSN 0363-0153 ; 0096-8528 ; 0003-9985
    DOI 10.5858/arpa.2020-0487-LE
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Testicular pathological alterations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

    Ly, Judy / Campos, Rafael K / Hager-Soto, E Eldridge / Camargos, Vidyleison N / Rossi, Shannan L

    Frontiers in reproductive health

    2023  Volume 5, Page(s) 1229622

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent ... alterations that occur in the testes resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection and explore its potential mechanisms. ... transmission, many studies have focused on SARS-CoV-2 primarily as a respiratory disease. However, the spread ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which caused one of the pandemics with the highest mortalities with millions of deaths and hundreds of millions of cases to date. Due to its potential for airborne transmission, many studies have focused on SARS-CoV-2 primarily as a respiratory disease. However, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 to non-respiratory organs has been experimentally demonstrated and clinically observed. During autopsy studies, histopathological lesions, and disruption of the blood-testes barrier (BTB) have been observed in the male reproductive tract. Here, we review findings from both autopsy cases and animal models that demonstrate testicular disease due to COVID-19 and present an overview of the pathological alterations that occur in the testes resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection and explore its potential mechanisms.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2673-3153
    ISSN (online) 2673-3153
    DOI 10.3389/frph.2023.1229622
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  4. Article ; Online: Testicular pathological alterations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection

    Judy Ly / Rafael K. Campos / E. Eldridge Hager-Soto / Vidyleison N. Camargos / Shannan L. Rossi

    Frontiers in Reproductive Health, Vol

    2023  Volume 5

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent ... alterations that occur in the testes resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection and explore its potential mechanisms. ... transmission, many studies have focused on SARS-CoV-2 primarily as a respiratory disease. However, the spread ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which caused one of the pandemics with the highest mortalities with millions of deaths and hundreds of millions of cases to date. Due to its potential for airborne transmission, many studies have focused on SARS-CoV-2 primarily as a respiratory disease. However, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 to non-respiratory organs has been experimentally demonstrated and clinically observed. During autopsy studies, histopathological lesions, and disruption of the blood-testes barrier (BTB) have been observed in the male reproductive tract. Here, we review findings from both autopsy cases and animal models that demonstrate testicular disease due to COVID-19 and present an overview of the pathological alterations that occur in the testes resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection and explore its potential mechanisms.
    Keywords SARS-CoV-2 ; testes ; male reproductive tract ; testicular disease ; COVID-19 ; Reproduction ; QH471-489 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Testicular pathology in fatal COVID-19: A descriptive autopsy study.

    Duarte-Neto, Amaro N / Teixeira, Thiago A / Caldini, Elia G / Kanamura, Cristina T / Gomes-Gouvêa, Michele S / Dos Santos, Angela B G / Monteiro, Renata A A / Pinho, João R R / Mauad, Thais / da Silva, Luiz F F / Saldiva, Paulo H N / Dolhnikoff, Marisa / Leite, Katia R M / Hallak, Jorge

    Andrology

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–23

    Abstract: ... coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, going beyond the initially observed severe pneumonia. Evidence ... detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in three cases.: Discussion and conclusion: The COVID-19-associated testicular ... Sertoli cell scarcity, and reduced spermatogenesis associated with SARS-CoV-2 local infection that may impair ...

    Abstract Background: Multi-organ damage is a common feature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, going beyond the initially observed severe pneumonia. Evidence that the testis is also compromised is growing.
    Objective: To describe the pathological findings in testes from fatal cases of COVID-19, including the detection of viral particles and antigens, and inflammatory cell subsets.
    Materials and methods: Postmortem testicular samples were obtained by percutaneous puncture from 11 deceased men and examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for RNA detection and by light and electron microscopy (EM) for SARS-CoV-2. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the SARS-CoV-2 N-protein and lymphocytic and histiocytic markers was also performed.
    Results: Eight patients had mild interstitial orchitis, composed mainly of CD68+ and TCD8+ cells. Fibrin thrombi were detected in five cases. All cases presented congestion, interstitial edema, thickening of the tubular basal membrane, decreased Leydig and Sertoli cells with reduced spermatogenesis, and strong expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) in vessels. IHC detected SARS-Cov-2 antigen in Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and fibroblasts in all cases. EM detected viral particles in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts, endothelium, Sertoli and Leydig cells, spermatids, and epithelial cells of the rete testis in four cases, while RT-PCR detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in three cases.
    Discussion and conclusion: The COVID-19-associated testicular lesion revealed a combination of orchitis, vascular changes, basal membrane thickening, Leydig and Sertoli cell scarcity, and reduced spermatogenesis associated with SARS-CoV-2 local infection that may impair hormonal function and fertility in men.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Autopsy ; COVID-19/complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orchitis/pathology ; Orchitis/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Testis/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2696108-8
    ISSN 2047-2927 ; 2047-2919
    ISSN (online) 2047-2927
    ISSN 2047-2919
    DOI 10.1111/andr.13073
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  6. Article ; Online: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection by Intranasal or Intratesticular Route Induces Testicular Damage.

    Li, Can / Ye, Zhanhong / Zhang, Anna Jin Xia / Chan, Jasper Fuk Woo / Song, Wenchen / Liu, Feifei / Chen, Yanxia / Kwan, Mike Yat Wah / Lee, Andrew Chak Yiu / Zhao, Yan / Wong, Bosco Ho Yin / Yip, Cyril Chik Yan / Cai, Jian Piao / Lung, David Christopher / Sridhar, Siddharth / Jin, Dongyan / Chu, Hin / To, Kelvin Kai Wang / Yuen, Kwok Yung

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2022  Volume 75, Issue 1, Page(s) e974–e990

    Abstract: Background: The role of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 ... immunological changes in testes of hamsters challenged by wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and its variants with intranasal ... self-limiting respiratory tract infection, intranasal SARS-CoV-2 challenge caused acute decrease ...

    Abstract Background: The role of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the pathogenesis of testicular damage is uncertain.
    Methods: We investigated the virological, pathological, and immunological changes in testes of hamsters challenged by wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and its variants with intranasal or direct testicular inoculation using influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 as control.
    Results: Besides self-limiting respiratory tract infection, intranasal SARS-CoV-2 challenge caused acute decrease in sperm count, serum testosterone and inhibin B at 4-7 days after infection; and chronic reduction in testicular size and weight, and serum sex hormone at 42-120 days after infection. Acute histopathological damage with worsening degree of testicular inflammation, hemorrhage, necrosis, degeneration of seminiferous tubules, and disruption of orderly spermatogenesis were seen with increasing virus inoculum. Degeneration and death of Sertoli and Leydig cells were found. Although viral loads and SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein expression were markedly lower in testicular than in lung tissues, direct intratesticular injection of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated nucleocapsid expressing interstitial cells and epididymal epithelial cells, While intranasal or intratesticular challenge by A(H1N1)pdm09 control showed no testicular infection or damage. From 7 to 120 days after infection, degeneration and apoptosis of seminiferous tubules, immune complex deposition, and depletion of spermatogenic cell and spermatozoa persisted. Intranasal challenge with Omicron and Delta variants could also induce similar testicular changes. This testicular damage can be prevented by vaccination.
    Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 can cause acute testicular damage with subsequent chronic asymmetric testicular atrophy and associated hormonal changes despite a self-limiting pneumonia in hamsters. Awareness of possible hypogonadism and subfertility is important in managing convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 in men.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19 ; Cricetinae ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Semen ; Testis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciac142
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  7. Article ; Online: Testicular Atrophy and Hypothalamic Pathology in COVID-19: Possibility of the Incidence of Male Infertility and HPG Axis Abnormalities.

    Selvaraj, Kaviya / Ravichandran, Sowbarnika / Krishnan, Sushmita / Radhakrishnan, Risna Kanjirassery / Manickam, Nivethitha / Kandasamy, Mahesh

    Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)

    2021  Volume 28, Issue 10, Page(s) 2735–2742

    Abstract: ... of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes a massive inflammatory cytokine storm leading to multi-organ ... as the main targets of SARS-CoV-2-mediated pathogenesis, reports on its testicular infections have been ... Moreover, hypothalamic pathology which results from SARS-CoV-2 infection of the brain is also evident ...

    Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which resulted from the pandemic outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes a massive inflammatory cytokine storm leading to multi-organ damage including that of the brain and testes. While the lungs, heart, and brain are identified as the main targets of SARS-CoV-2-mediated pathogenesis, reports on its testicular infections have been a subject of debate. The brain and testes are physiologically synchronized by the action of gonadotropins and sex steroid hormones. Though the evidence for the presence of the viral particles in the testicular biopsies and semen samples from COVID-19 patients are highly limited, the occurrence of testicular pathology due to abrupt inflammatory responses and hyperthermia has incresingly been evident. The reduced level of testosterone production in COVID-19 is associated with altered secretion of gonadotropins. Moreover, hypothalamic pathology which results from SARS-CoV-2 infection of the brain is also evident in COVID-19 cases. This article revisits and supports the key reports on testicular abnormalities and pathological signatures in the hypothalamus of COVID-19 patients and emphasizes that testicular pathology resulting from inflammation and oxidative stress might lead to infertility in a significant portion of COVID-19 survivors. Further investigations are required to monitor the reproductive health parameters and HPG axis abnormalities related to secondary pathological complications in COVID-19 patients and survivors.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Atrophy ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/virology ; Fertility ; Gonadotropins/metabolism ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/pathology ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiopathology ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/virology ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Hypothalamus/pathology ; Hypothalamus/physiopathology ; Hypothalamus/virology ; Incidence ; Infertility, Male/epidemiology ; Infertility, Male/pathology ; Infertility, Male/physiopathology ; Infertility, Male/virology ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Testis/metabolism ; Testis/pathology ; Testis/physiopathology ; Testis/virology ; Testosterone/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Gonadotropins ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2276411-2
    ISSN 1933-7205 ; 1933-7191
    ISSN (online) 1933-7205
    ISSN 1933-7191
    DOI 10.1007/s43032-020-00441-x
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