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  1. Article ; Online: Child Abuse and the Eye in an African Population.

    Isawumi, Michaeline A / Adebayo, Modupe

    Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO

    2017  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 143–150

    Abstract: Purpose: There is a paucity of data on child abuse and the eye in West Africa. Therefore, a need ... on the eye and vision in a pediatric population.: Methods: A 3-year study of consecutive cases of ocular ... features that presented to an eye clinic following a history suggestive of child abuse along ...

    Abstract Purpose: There is a paucity of data on child abuse and the eye in West Africa. Therefore, a need exists to determine the causes and circumstances surrounding these occurrences and their effects on the eye and vision in a pediatric population.
    Methods: A 3-year study of consecutive cases of ocular features that presented to an eye clinic following a history suggestive of child abuse along with any associated eye injury was carried out. Socio-demographic characteristics were obtained, as were the presenting and posttreatment visual acuity, and a full clinical eye examination was also done.
    Results: Fifty-six children with 56 affected eyes were examined. The male to female ratio was 1.8 : 1; the mean age was 8.25 ± 3.5 years; and the subjects were predominately primary school children 30 (53.6%). The most common ocular disorders were conjunctiva hyperemia (46.4%), corneal abrasion/ulcer (25.4%), hyphema/uveitis (42.9%), retinal detachment (7.1%), sclera rupture (7.1%), and globe perforation (21.4%). The intraocular pressure was raised in 17.9% of participants. Presenting versus posttreatment visual acuities showed normal vision in four (7.1%) vs. eighteen (32.1%), visual impairment in 12 (21.4%) vs. six (10.7%), severe visual impairment in 20 (35.7%) vs. 12 (21.4%), and blindness in 12 (21.4%) vs. 14 (25%),
    Conclusions: Injuries commonly resulted from canes and sticks used during beatings, as well as from child labor, corporal punishment, accidents, and assaults. Legislation and laws need to be enacted to prevent negative psychosocial and economic impacts on the child, family and country as a whole.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Child, Preschool ; Eye Injuries/epidemiology ; Eye Injuries/etiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-04
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639346-9
    ISSN 2092-9382 ; 1011-8942
    ISSN (online) 2092-9382
    ISSN 1011-8942
    DOI 10.3341/kjo.2017.31.2.143
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 3216: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  2. Article ; Online: Subgaleal Hemorrhage Secondary to Child Physical Abuse in a 4-Year-Old Boy.

    Bowens, Joseph P / Liker, Kelly

    Pediatric emergency care

    2020  Volume 37, Issue 12, Page(s) e1738–e1740

    Abstract: ... of child physical abuse. The patient was evaluated in the emergency department for swelling of his scalp ... diffuse scalp edema without skull fracture or intracranial pathology. The child abuse specialty service ... was consulted for suspected child physical abuse. Their examination revealed numerous scattered ...

    Abstract Abstract: Subgaleal hemorrhage is commonly described in the neonatal population but is a rare injury in young children and adolescents. Though infrequently seen, it can follow blunt head trauma or hair pulling. This case report details a 4-year-old African American boy with massive subgaleal hemorrhage and bilateral periorbital swelling and ecchymosis as a result of hair pulling in the setting of child physical abuse. The patient was evaluated in the emergency department for swelling of his scalp several hours after reportedly bumping his head on a chair. He was discharged home after a head computed tomography only confirmed soft tissue hematoma. The following morning, the findings progressed and he returned to the emergency department. He was triaged as a trauma and initially evaluated by the emergency physician, pediatric trauma surgeon, and pediatric neurosurgeon. Head computed tomography scan confirmed diffuse scalp edema without skull fracture or intracranial pathology. The child abuse specialty service was consulted for suspected child physical abuse. Their examination revealed numerous scattered bruises on the trunk and thighs, several of which were patterned. Local police investigation resulted in the patient's grandfather confessing to striking the patient with a belt and picking him up from the ground by his hair, the latter of which is a mechanism consistent with the patient's dramatic scalp and facial findings. The authors encourage consultation by a specialist in child abuse pediatrics for subgaleal hemorrhage and/or raccoon eyes in the presence of minor trauma, as well as thorough head-to-toe skin examination for all children presenting with injuries.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child Abuse/diagnosis ; Child, Preschool ; Craniocerebral Trauma/complications ; Hematoma/diagnosis ; Hematoma/etiology ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Physical Abuse ; Scalp
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632588-9
    ISSN 1535-1815 ; 0749-5161
    ISSN (online) 1535-1815
    ISSN 0749-5161
    DOI 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001937
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2083: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  3. Article ; Online: Childhood abuse is associated with increased startle reactivity in adulthood.

    Jovanovic, Tanja / Blanding, Nineequa Q / Norrholm, Seth D / Duncan, Erica / Bradley, Bekh / Ressler, Kerry J

    Depression and anxiety

    2009  Volume 26, Issue 11, Page(s) 1018–1026

    Abstract: ... self-reported history of abuse with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and current symptoms with the PTSD ... as well as PTSD and depression symptoms. Perceived childhood sexual abuse was the greatest predictor ... of increased startle response. Notably, emotional abuse in childhood did not affect baseline startle, and ...

    Abstract Background: Understanding the neurobiological correlates of childhood maltreatment is critical to delineating stress-related psychopathology. The acoustic startle response (ASR) is a subcortical reflex modulated by neural systems implicated in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The ASR is conserved across species and is increased in rodent models of developmental stress.
    Methods: We measured ASR to a 40 ms noise probe as well as fear-potentiated startle using electromyographic recordings of the eyeblink in a primarily African American sample (N=60) from a highly traumatized civilian population. We assessed self-reported history of abuse with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and current symptoms with the PTSD Symptom Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory.
    Results: We found that subjects reporting a history of high levels of physical or sexual abuse had increased startle on all trial types relative to those with low abuse (P<.01). This effect remained significant after co-varying for the subjects' age and sex, as well as PTSD and depression symptoms. Perceived childhood sexual abuse was the greatest predictor of increased startle response. Notably, emotional abuse in childhood did not affect baseline startle, and all groups demonstrated equivalent levels of fear-potentiated startle.
    Conclusions: The long-lasting effects of early life trauma result in increased risk for adult psychopathology. These new data demonstrate that a self-report history of child abuse is related to altered baseline startle response that is not accounted for by PTSD or depression symptoms. Increased startle may be a biomarker of stress responsiveness that can be a persevering consequence of early trauma exposure during childhood.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology ; African Americans/psychology ; Arousal ; Blinking ; Child ; Child Abuse/diagnosis ; Child Abuse/ethnology ; Child Abuse/psychology ; Child Abuse, Sexual/diagnosis ; Child Abuse, Sexual/ethnology ; Child Abuse, Sexual/psychology ; Depressive Disorder/diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder/ethnology ; Depressive Disorder/psychology ; Electromyography ; European Continental Ancestry Group/psychology ; Fear/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Personality Inventory ; Reflex, Startle ; Risk Factors ; Sensory Gating ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/ethnology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-08-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1378635-0
    ISSN 1520-6394 ; 1091-4269
    ISSN (online) 1520-6394
    ISSN 1091-4269
    DOI 10.1002/da.20599
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 3823: Show issues Location:
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    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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