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Article ; Online: Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death.

Jordan, Rachel E / Adab, Peymane / Cheng, K K

2020 Volume 368, Page(s) m1198

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj.m1198
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Article: Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death

Jordan, Rachel E / Adab, Peymane / Cheng, K K

BMJ

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #15924
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Comorbidities in Children with COVID-19 and MIS-C/PIMS-TS and Risk Factors for Hospitalization, Severe Disease, Intensive Care and Death.

Ankermann, Tobias / Brinkmann, Folke

Klinische Padiatrie

2022 Volume 234, Issue 5, Page(s) 257–266

Abstract: ... conditions/comorbidities and risk factors in children for severe COVID-19 and MIS-C/PIMS-TS as well ... as hospitalization and mortality. Young infants and adolescents are at highest risk of hospital and PICU admission ... Two or more comorbidities rather than single entities pose a risk for more severe courses of SARS-CoV ...

Title translation	Komorbidität bei Kindern mit COVID-19 und MIS-C/PIMS-TS und Risikofaktoren für Hospitalisierung, schweren Krankheitsverlauf, Intensivtherapie und Tod.
Abstract	This narrative review sums up data from the SARS-CoV-2-pandemia on preexisting disease/underlying conditions/comorbidities and risk factors in children for severe COVID-19 and MIS-C/PIMS-TS as well as hospitalization and mortality. Young infants and adolescents are at highest risk of hospital and PICU admission. Two or more comorbidities rather than single entities pose a risk for more severe courses of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Asthma and malignancy do not increase complication rates. MIS-C/PIMS-TS is not associated with any specific underlying disease.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; COVID-19/complications ; Child ; Critical Care ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	120650-3
ISSN	1439-3824 ; 0300-8630
ISSN (online)	1439-3824
ISSN	0300-8630
DOI	10.1055/a-1727-5895
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Article ; Online: Risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease and death in patients aged 70 and over: a retrospective observational cohort study.

Fagard, Katleen / Gielen, Evelien / Deschodt, Mieke / Devriendt, Els / Flamaing, Johan

Acta clinica Belgica

2021 Volume 77, Issue 3, Page(s) 487–494

Abstract: ... as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease and in-hospital death in older patients with COVID-19.: Methods ... situation and cognitive decline, were examined alongside frequently reported risk factors ... 9 in 17 patients. In multivariable analysis, CFS and cognitive decline were the only risk factors ...

Abstract	Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in rapid reorganisations of hospital care. In our hospital, the geriatrics team introduced the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) on the non-ICU COVID-19 units during these reorganisations. A retrospective analysis was performed to investigate the CFS as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease and in-hospital death in older patients with COVID-19. Methods: In patients aged ≥70 years, an online geriatric assessment questionnaire was launched, from which the CFS was scored by the geriatrics team. Additional clinical data were collected from the electronic medical records. Risk factors related to ageing, such as the CFS, age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index, living situation and cognitive decline, were examined alongside frequently reported risk factors in the general population. Outcomes were in-hospital death (primary outcome) and oxygen need of ≥6 litres and early warning score ≥7, as parameters for severe disease (secondary outcomes). Baseline characteristics were described with descriptive statistics. Associations were analysed with uni- and multivariable analyses. Results: One hundred and five patients were included, median age 82 years. CFS scores were 1-4 in 43, 5-6 in 45, and 7-9 in 17 patients. In multivariable analysis, CFS and cognitive decline were the only risk factors that were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, presence of respiratory symptoms on admission and male gender showed and independent association with severe disease. Conclusion: A retrospective analysis shows that CFS and cognitive decline have added value for predicting in-hospital mortality in older patients with COVID-19 disease.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Frail Elderly ; Frailty/diagnosis ; Geriatric Assessment/methods ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	390201-8
ISSN	2295-3337 ; 0001-5512 ; 1784-3286
ISSN (online)	2295-3337
ISSN	0001-5512 ; 1784-3286
DOI	10.1080/17843286.2021.1890452
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Article ; Online: Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: a systematic review.

Gesesew, Hailay Abrha / Koye, Digsu Negese / Fetene, Dagnachew Muluye / Woldegiorgis, Mulu / Kinfu, Yohannes / Geleto, Ayele Bali / Melaku, Yohannes Adama / Mohammed, Hassen / Alene, Kefyalew Addis / Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew / Birhanu, Mulugeta Molla / Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay / Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa / Shifti, Desalegn Markos / Muluneh, Muluken Dessalegn / Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw / Abrha, Solomon / Aregay, Atsede Fantahun / Ayalew, Mohammed Biset /

Gebre, Abadi Kahsu / Gebremariam, Kidane Tadesse / Gebremedhin, Tesfaye / Gebremichael, Lemlem / Leshargie, Cheru Tesema / Kibret, Getiye Dejenu / Meazaw, Maereg Wagnew / Mekonnen, Alemayehu Berhane / Tekle, Dejen Yemane / Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie / Tesfay, Fisaha Haile / Tesfaye, Wubshet / Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse / Dachew, Berihun Assefa / Adane, Akilew Awoke

BMJ open

2021 Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) e044618

Abstract: ... politico-economic factors influenced the spectrum of COVID-19 infection, severity and death. We recommend ... such as HIV, tuberculosis and anaemia experience severe forms COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation and death ... for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa.: Design: A systematic review has been ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evidence on risk factors for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa. Design: A systematic review has been conducted to synthesise existing evidence on risk factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes across Africa. Data sources: Data were systematically searched from MEDLINE, Scopus, MedRxiv and BioRxiv. Eligibility criteria: Studies for review were included if they were published in English and reported at least one risk factor and/or one health outcome. We included all relevant literature published up until 11 August 2020. Data extraction and synthesis: We performed a systematic narrative synthesis to describe the available studies for each outcome. Data were extracted using a standardised Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form. Results: Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria of which four were exclusively on Africa and the remaining 11 papers had a global focus with some data from Africa. Higher rates of infection in Africa are associated with high population density, urbanisation, transport connectivity, high volume of tourism and international trade, and high level of economic and political openness. Limited or poor access to healthcare are also associated with higher COVID-19 infection rates. Older people and individuals with chronic conditions such as HIV, tuberculosis and anaemia experience severe forms COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation and death. Similarly, high burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high prevalence of tobacco consumption and low levels of expenditure on health and low levels of global health security score contribute to COVID-19 related deaths. Conclusions: Demographic, institutional, ecological, health system and politico-economic factors influenced the spectrum of COVID-19 infection, severity and death. We recommend multidisciplinary and integrated approaches to mitigate the identified factors and strengthen effective prevention strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Africa/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/mortality ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044618
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Risk Factors for Death Among the First 80 543 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases in China: Relationships Between Age, Underlying Disease, Case Severity, and Region.

Zhang, Yanping / Luo, Wei / Li, Qun / Wang, Xijie / Chen, Jin / Song, Qinfeng / Tu, Hong / Ren, Ruiqi / Li, Chao / Li, Dan / Zhao, Jing / McGoogan, Jennifer M / Shan, Duo / Li, Bing / Zhang, Jingxue / Dong, Yanhui / Jin, Yu / Mao, Shuai / Qian, Menbao /

Lv, Chao / Zhu, Huihui / Wang, Limin / Xiao, Lin / Xu, Juan / Yin, Dapeng / Zhou, Lei / Li, Zhongjie / Shi, Guoqing / Dong, Xiaoping / Guan, Xuhua / Gao, George F / Wu, Zunyou / Feng, Zijian

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2021 Volume 74, Issue 4, Page(s) 630–638

Abstract: ... We aimed to examine risk factors for COVID-19 death.: Methods: A total of 80 543 COVID-19 cases reported ... with underlying disease regardless of age were at elevated risk of death. Higher death rates near the outbreak ... in China, nationwide, through 8 April 2020 were included. Risk factors for death were investigated by Cox ...

Abstract	Background: Knowledge of COVID-19 epidemiology remains incomplete and crucial questions persist. We aimed to examine risk factors for COVID-19 death. Methods: A total of 80 543 COVID-19 cases reported in China, nationwide, through 8 April 2020 were included. Risk factors for death were investigated by Cox proportional hazards regression and stratified analyses. Results: Overall national case-fatality ratio (CFR) was 5.64%. Risk factors for death were older age (≥80: adjusted hazard ratio, 12.58; 95% confidence interval, 6.78-23.33), presence of underlying disease (1.33; 1.19-1.49), worse case severity (severe: 3.86; 3.15-4.73; critical: 11.34; 9.22-13.95), and near-epicenter region (Hubei: 2.64; 2.11-3.30; Wuhan: 6.35; 5.04-8.00). CFR increased from 0.35% (30-39 years) to 18.21% (≥70 years) without underlying disease. Regardless of age, CFR increased from 2.50% for no underlying disease to 7.72% for 1, 13.99% for 2, and 21.99% for ≥3 underlying diseases. CFR increased with worse case severity from 2.80% (mild) to 12.51% (severe) and 48.60% (critical), regardless of region. Compared with other regions, CFR was much higher in Wuhan regardless of case severity (mild: 3.83% vs 0.14% in Hubei and 0.03% elsewhere; moderate: 4.60% vs 0.21% and 0.06%; severe: 15.92% vs 5.84% and 1.86%; and critical: 58.57% vs 49.80% and 18.39%). Conclusions: Older patients regardless of underlying disease and patients with underlying disease regardless of age were at elevated risk of death. Higher death rates near the outbreak epicenter and during the surge of cases reflect the deleterious effects of allowing health systems to become overwhelmed.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciab493
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Article ; Online: Epidemiological Risk Factors Associated with Death and Severe Disease in Patients Suffering From COVID-19: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Dorjee, Kunchok / Kim, Hyunju

Abstract: Introduction: Progression of COVID-19 to severe disease and death is insufficiently understood ... of cardiovascular risk factors in COVID-19 patients can suggest increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition ... Public health screening for COVID-19 can be prioritized based on risk-groups. A higher prevalence ...

Abstract	Introduction: Progression of COVID-19 to severe disease and death is insufficiently understood. Objective: Summarize the prevalence adverse outcomes, risk factors, and association of risk factors with adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase and Web of Science for case-series and observational studies of hospitalized COVID-19 patients through May 22, 2020. Data were analyzed by fixed-effects meta-analysis, using Shore adjusted confidence intervals to address heterogeneity. Results: Forty-four studies comprising 20594 hospitalized patients met inclusion criteria; 12591 from the US-Europe and 7885 from China. Pooled prevalence of death [%(95% CI)] was 18% (15-22%). Of those that died, 76% were aged>=60 years, 68% were males, and 63%, 38%, and 29% had hypertension, diabetes and heart disease, respectively. The case fatality risk [%(95% CI)] were 62% (48-78) for heart disease, 51% (36-71) for COPD, and 42% (34-50) for age>=60 years and 49% (33-71) for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Summary relative risk (sRR) of death were higher for age>=60 years [sRR=3.8; 95% CI: 2.9-4.8; n=12 studies], males [1.3; 1.2-1.5; 17], smoking history [1.9; 1.1-3.3; n=6], COPD [2.0; 1.6-2.4; n=9], hypertension [1.8; 1.7-2.0; n=14], diabetes [1.5; 1.4-1.7; n=16], heart disease [2.0; 1.7-2.4; 16] and CKD [2.0; 1.3-3.1; 8]. The overall prevalence of hypertension (55%), diabetes (31%) and heart disease (16%) among COVODI-19 patients in the US were substantially higher than the general US population. Conclusions: Public health screening for COVID-19 can be prioritized based on risk-groups. A higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in COVID-19 patients can suggest increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition in the population.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	MedRxiv; WHO
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	WHO #Covidence: #20135483
DOI	10.1101/2020.06.19.20135483
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa

Abadi Kahsu Gebre / Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw / Dagnachew Muluye Fetene / Muluken Dessalegn Muluneh / Kidane Tadesse Gebremariam / Tesfaye Gebremedhin / Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin / Lemlem Gebremichael / Ayele Bali Geleto / Getiye Dejenu Kibret / Cheru Tesema Leshargie / Azeb Gebresilassie Tesema / Fisaha Haile Tesfay / Befikadu Legesse Wubishet / Hailay Abrha Gesesew / Mulu Woldegiorgis / Mamaru Ayenew Awoke / Desalegn Markos Shifti / Atsede Fantahun Aregay /

Maereg Wagnew Meazaw / Alemayehu Berhane Mekonnen / Dejen Yemane Tekle

BMJ Open, Vol 11, Iss

a systematic review

2021 Volume 2

Abstract: ... economic factors influenced the spectrum of COVID-19 infection, severity and death. We recommend ... such as HIV, tuberculosis and anaemia experience severe forms COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation and death ... for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa.Design A systematic review has been ...

Abstract	Objective The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evidence on risk factors for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa.Design A systematic review has been conducted to synthesise existing evidence on risk factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes across Africa.Data sources Data were systematically searched from MEDLINE, Scopus, MedRxiv and BioRxiv.Eligibility criteria Studies for review were included if they were published in English and reported at least one risk factor and/or one health outcome. We included all relevant literature published up until 11 August 2020.Data extraction and synthesis We performed a systematic narrative synthesis to describe the available studies for each outcome. Data were extracted using a standardised Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form.Results Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria of which four were exclusively on Africa and the remaining 11 papers had a global focus with some data from Africa. Higher rates of infection in Africa are associated with high population density, urbanisation, transport connectivity, high volume of tourism and international trade, and high level of economic and political openness. Limited or poor access to healthcare are also associated with higher COVID-19 infection rates. Older people and individuals with chronic conditions such as HIV, tuberculosis and anaemia experience severe forms COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation and death. Similarly, high burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high prevalence of tobacco consumption and low levels of expenditure on health and low levels of global health security score contribute to COVID-19 related deaths.Conclusions Demographic, institutional, ecological, health system and politico-economic factors influenced the spectrum of COVID-19 infection, severity and death. We recommend multidisciplinary and integrated approaches to mitigate the identified factors and strengthen effective prevention strategies.
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: COVID-19 and Frailty.

Ciarambino, Tiziana / Crispino, Pietro / Minervini, Giovanni / Giordano, Mauro

Vaccines

2023 Volume 11, Issue 3

Abstract: ... to severe clinical manifestations and deaths from COVID-19 among older people. The combination ... and is consequently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease ... Older age is a major risk factor for adverse outcomes of COVID-19, potentially due ...

Abstract	Older age is a major risk factor for adverse outcomes of COVID-19, potentially due to immunosenescence and chronic low-grade inflammation, both characteristics of older adults which synergistically contribute to their vulnerability. Furthermore, older age is also associated with decreased kidney function and is consequently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. All of this in the course of COVID-19 infection can worsen and promote the progression of chronic kidney damage and all its sequelae. Frailty is a condition characterized by the decline in function of several homeostatic systems, leading to increased vulnerability to stressors and risk of adverse health outcomes. Thus, it is very likely that frailty, together with comorbidities, may have contributed to the high vulnerability to severe clinical manifestations and deaths from COVID-19 among older people. The combination of viral infection and chronic inflammation in the elderly could cause multiple unforeseen harmful consequences, affecting overall disability and mortality rates. In post-COVID-19 patients, inflammation has been implicated in sarcopenia progression, functional activity decline, and dementia. After the pandemic, it is imperative to shine a spotlight on these sequelae so that we can be prepared for the future outcomes of the ongoing pandemic. Here, we discuss the potential long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its possibility of causing permanent damage to the precarious balance existing in the frail elderly with multiple pathologies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines11030606
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Article ; Online: COVID-19

Erika Hilbold / Christian Bär / Thomas Thum

Journal of Sport and Health Science, Vol 12, Iss 4, Pp 438-

Insights into long-term manifestations and lockdown impacts

2023 Volume 463

Abstract: ... inactivity is one of the most important behavioral risk factors for CVDs. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected ... by its symptoms of respiratory illness, which were named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since its initial ... outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Among these symptoms are different categories of cardiovascular diseases ...

Abstract	Coronaviruses are pathogens thought to primarily affect the respiratory tracts of humans. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 was also marked mainly by its symptoms of respiratory illness, which were named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since its initial discovery, many other symptoms have been linked to acute SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as to the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Among these symptoms are different categories of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which continue to be the main cause of death worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that 17.9 million people die from CVDs each year, accounting for ∼32% of all deaths globally. Physical inactivity is one of the most important behavioral risk factors for CVDs. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected CVDs as well as the physical activity in different ways. Here, we provide an overview of the current status as well as future challenges and possible solutions.
Keywords	Cardiovascular disease ; COVID-19 ; Long COVID ; Physical activity ; Return to play ; Sports ; GV557-1198.995 ; Sports medicine ; RC1200-1245
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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