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  1. Article: Complications of otitis media before placement of tympanostomy tubes in children.

    Kacmarynski, Deborah S F / Levine, Samuel C / Pearson, Susan E / Maisel, Robert H

    Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery

    2004  Volume 130, Issue 3, Page(s) 289–292

    Abstract: ... before placement of tympanostomy tubes (TTs) and to compare children treated according to the Agency ... Objectives: To report the incidence of short-term complications from otitis media in children ... complications from otitis media before placement of TTs. Fifty-five (37.4%) had 2 to 6 complications documented ...

    Abstract Objectives: To report the incidence of short-term complications from otitis media in children before placement of tympanostomy tubes (TTs) and to compare children treated according to the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guidelines with those who were treated earlier or later than recommended.
    Design: Retrospective outcomes review.
    Patients: Subjects were children aged 10 or younger who had TTs inserted at a tertiary care county hospital from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2000. Exclusion criteria included prior TT placement, any concurrent head and neck procedure, and craniofacial defects.
    Intervention: Tympanostomy tube placement.
    Main outcome measures: Any occurrences of otorrhea, tympanic membrane perforation, tinnitus, antibiotic reactions, speech or language delay, febrile seizures, or meningitis before placement of TTs documented in the county hospital records were recorded as complications. Hearing loss was considered separately.
    Results: Of 147 children who met our criteria, 81 (55.1%) had 1 or more complications from otitis media before placement of TTs. Fifty-five (37.4%) had 2 to 6 complications documented. Adverse reactions to antibiotics were the most common complication, reported in 34 (23.1%).
    Conclusions: Most children in this county hospital experienced short-term complications of otitis media before receiving TTs. Even the children treated "on time" according to the guidelines from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research experienced complications; however, adherence to the guidelines had no significant effect on complications.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Audiometry ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Guideline Adherence ; Hearing Loss/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Language Disorders/epidemiology ; Middle Ear Ventilation ; Otitis Media/complications ; Otitis Media/therapy ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Retrospective Studies ; Speech Disorders/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632721-7
    ISSN 1538-361X ; 0886-4470 ; 2168-6181
    ISSN (online) 1538-361X
    ISSN 0886-4470 ; 2168-6181
    DOI 10.1001/archotol.130.3.289
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Concurrent management of suppurative intracranial complications of sinusitis and acute otitis media in children.

    Sexton, G P / Nae, A / Cleere, E F / O'Riordan, I / O'Neill, J P / Lacy, P D / Amin, M / Colreavy, M / Caird, J / Crimmins, D

    International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology

    2022  Volume 156, Page(s) 111093

    Abstract: ... tympanostomy tube placement. 19 (29.2%) had post-operative neurological deficits, of which 2 (3.1%) were ... Objective: Intracranial complications of sinusitis and acute otitis media (AOM) are rare but life ... threatening events. In children with suppurative intracranial complications, concurrent neurosurgical and ...

    Abstract Objective: Intracranial complications of sinusitis and acute otitis media (AOM) are rare but life-threatening events. In children with suppurative intracranial complications, concurrent neurosurgical and otolaryngological (ORL) intervention has been recommended to optimize outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate outcomes following concurrent neurosurgical and ORL intervention.
    Methods: A retrospective cohort study of children undergoing neurosurgical intervention for intracranial complications of sinusitis or AOM in two neurosurgical centres in Ireland was conducted.
    Results: 65 children were identified. Mean age was 11.9 years. The most prevalent symptoms were headache, pyrexia, altered level of consciousness, facial swelling, and vomiting. Subdural empyema (n = 24, 36.9%) and extradural abscess (n = 17, 26.2%) were the most common complications. 54 underwent same admission ORL intervention; 47 (87%) were performed concurrently or earlier. For rhinogenic infections, 35 (64.8%) underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), 13 (24.1%) underwent frontal sinus trephine, and 5 (9.3%) underwent maxillary sinus washout alone. For otogenic infections, 10 (90.9%) underwent mastoidectomy and 7 (63.6%) underwent tympanostomy tube placement. 19 (29.2%) had post-operative neurological deficits, of which 2 (3.1%) were permanent. Streptococcus intermedius was the most common pathogen (n = 30, 46.2%). Concurrent intervention reduced the prevalence of residual collection (p = 0.018) and the need for revision neurosurgical intervention (p = 0.039) for sinogenic complications. The same trends did not achieve statistical significance for the otogenic group. Mortality was 0%.
    Conclusion: Intracranial complications of sinusitis and AOM are best managed in a specialist centre with multidisciplinary input. Concurrent ORL and neurosurgical intervention reduces abscess recurrence and requirement for revision neurosurgery in sinogenic complications and should represent the standard of care. ESS is the ORL modality of choice in experienced hands.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Abscess/complications ; Brain Abscess/surgery ; Child ; Empyema, Subdural/complications ; Empyema, Subdural/surgery ; Epidural Abscess/surgery ; Humans ; Otitis Media/complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinusitis/complications ; Sinusitis/surgery ; Suppuration
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-04
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 754501-0
    ISSN 1872-8464 ; 0165-5876
    ISSN (online) 1872-8464
    ISSN 0165-5876
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111093
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  3. Article ; Online: Change in Initial Tympanostomy Tube Placement Timing Yields Decreased Burden of Care Without Increased Complications in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate.

    Davis, William / Cohen, Marilyn A / Matthews, Martha S

    The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association

    2020  Volume 57, Issue 12, Page(s) 1417–1421

    Abstract: ... of placement of tympanostomy tubes in infants with cleft lip and palate.: Participants: All children ... thresholds at or below 15 dB at age 1 or 2.: Conclusions: Placement of tympanostomy tubes at the time ... between December 2012 and July 2016 under a new protocol. Under the old protocol, tympanostomy tubes were ...

    Abstract Objective: To report a practice audit of the consequences of a change in protocol in the timing of placement of tympanostomy tubes in infants with cleft lip and palate.
    Participants: All children with a diagnosis of cleft lip and palate, treated between November 1998 and May 2006 under the old protocol, and between December 2012 and July 2016 under a new protocol. Under the old protocol, tympanostomy tubes were first inserted at the time of lip repair at around age 2 months. Under the new protocol, tympanostomy tubes were deferred until the time of palate repair around the age of 9 months. Children with syndromic diagnoses other than Stickler syndrome and Van der Woude syndrome, and children who failed newborn hearing screen were excluded.
    Main outcome measures: Incidence of otorrhea from birth to 6 months after palate repair and presence of hearing loss at ages 1 and 2.
    Results: Deferral of tympanostomy tubes until the time of palate repair decreases the burden of care due to otorrhea as compared to early tympanostomy tubes at the time of lip repair. There was no significant difference in the incidence of hearing thresholds at or below 15 dB at age 1 or 2.
    Conclusions: Placement of tympanostomy tubes at the time of palate repair balances the goals of minimizing the adverse effects from middle ear effusion and minimizing the burden of care on our patients and their families.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Lip/surgery ; Cleft Palate/surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Middle Ear Ventilation ; Otitis Media with Effusion/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1069409-2
    ISSN 1545-1569 ; 0009-8701 ; 1055-6656
    ISSN (online) 1545-1569
    ISSN 0009-8701 ; 1055-6656
    DOI 10.1177/1055665620944759
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Analyzing complications of minimally invasive pediatric cochlear implantation: A review of 248 implantations.

    Googe, Benjamin J / Carron, Jeffrey D

    American journal of otolaryngology

    2016  Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 44–50

    Abstract: ... medical history of chronic otitis media with tympanostomy tube placement prior to cochlear implantation ... utilizing minimally invasive techniques. The impact of past surgical history of tympanostomy tubes was also ... A history of tympanostomy tubes did not impact complication rate. Excluding device failures, major ...

    Abstract Purpose: This study aims to report the postoperative complications and management of cochlear implantation in pediatric patients at our institution. All procedures were carried out by a single surgeon utilizing minimally invasive techniques. The impact of past surgical history of tympanostomy tubes was also reviewed to access association with postoperative complications.
    Materials and methods: All children receiving cochlear implants at our institution between April 2003 and October 2014 were reviewed. Complications were grouped into "major" and "minor" depending on degree of management and "immediate," "early," and "delayed" depending on time of presentation.
    Results: In our series, 248 cochlear implants were placed into 141 children. The mean age at time of surgery was 4.8 years. The overall complication rate per ear was 16.5%, 5.2% being major and 11.3% being minor complications. Complications arose in the first 30 days following surgery in 8.4% of patients, with acute otitis media being the most common. A history of tympanostomy tubes did not impact complication rate. Excluding device failures, major complication rate was 2.4%. Hematoma was not encountered, and delayed seroma occurred in one patient.
    Conclusion: Minimally invasive cochlear implantation carries a low complication rate. The most common major complication was intrinsic device failure, and the most common minor complication was acute otitis media. Past medical history of chronic otitis media with tympanostomy tube placement prior to cochlear implantation did not have a statistically significant impact on postoperative complication rates. Given the rarity of hematomas and seromas, pressure dressings appear to be unnecessary with this approach.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/etiology ; Cochlear Implantation/methods ; Equipment Failure ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Ear Ventilation ; Otitis Media/etiology ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604541-8
    ISSN 1532-818X ; 0196-0709
    ISSN (online) 1532-818X
    ISSN 0196-0709
    DOI 10.1016/j.amjoto.2015.09.002
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  5. Article ; Online: Preventing complications in pediatric cochlear implantation.

    Melton, Myles F / Backous, Douglas D

    Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery

    2011  Volume 19, Issue 5, Page(s) 358–362

    Abstract: ... of cochlear implant placement requires aggressive management to reduce the risk of complication. Tympanostomy tubes do ... complications of pediatric cochlear implant surgery: reducing meningitis risk, managing acute otitis media (AOM ... not increase the risk of otitis media or meningitis and should be used when appropriate according ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: This review addresses four key areas of controversy in the prevention of common complications of pediatric cochlear implant surgery: reducing meningitis risk, managing acute otitis media (AOM) in the cochlear implant population, assessing the optimum age for implanting a child to take advantage of the critical periods of language acquisition, and managing the social risk in defining ethical issues still surrounding cochlear implant in children.
    Recent findings: Improved surgical techniques and the replacement of Prenvar-7 with Prenvar-13 significantly reduce the risk of cochlear implant related meningitis. AOM within 2 months of cochlear implant placement requires aggressive management to reduce the risk of complication. Tympanostomy tubes do not increase the risk of otitis media or meningitis and should be used when appropriate according to accepted AOM standards. Although the controversy over cochlear implant and the dissolution of Deaf Culture is decreasing, the use of cochlear implant in children remains an area for open dialogue between groups to ensure children are treated appropriately. Discussions ought to be based on fact and scientific evidence.
    Summary: Although cochlear implants remain the gold standard for hearing restoration in children with severe to profound hearing loss, several issues remain controversial and are in need of further scientific exploration.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation/ethics ; Cochlear Implants ; Humans ; Infant ; Language Development ; Meningitis/prevention & control ; Middle Ear Ventilation ; Otitis Media/prevention & control ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1232518-1
    ISSN 1531-6998 ; 1068-9508
    ISSN (online) 1531-6998
    ISSN 1068-9508
    DOI 10.1097/MOO.0b013e32834a023b
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  6. Article ; Online: Complications of ventilation tube insertion in children with and without cleft palate: a nested case-control comparison.

    Smillie, Ian / Robertson, Sophie / Yule, Anna / Wynne, David M / Russell, Craig J H

    JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery

    2014  Volume 140, Issue 10, Page(s) 940–943

    Abstract: ... and management of otitis media with effusion is essential for speech development. Some evidence has ... relevance: Complication rates of VT placement among patients with CLP were not higher ... to evaluate 60 pediatric patients with CLP who underwent VT insertion at a children's hospital ...

    Abstract Importance: Optimizing hearing in patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) by early recognition and management of otitis media with effusion is essential for speech development. Some evidence has suggested higher complication rates from ventilation tube (VT) insertion in patients with CLP and has led to a trend not to treat these patients surgically. However, studies have failed to match comparison groups for age and sex.
    Objective: To compare complication rates from VT insertion in pediatric patients with and without CLP.
    Design, setting, and participants: The study used a nested case-control design to evaluate 60 pediatric patients with CLP who underwent VT insertion at a children's hospital. The control group of age- and sex-matched patients was selected from a database of 2943 VT insertions.
    Interventions: All patients were administered general anesthesia and underwent VT insertion by a pediatric otorhinolaryngology (ENT) team.
    Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcomes were numbers of otorrhea complications. Secondarily, rates of attendance at an ENT clinic specifically for complications were evaluated. Finally, numbers of complications other than otorrhea were assessed but not statistically analyzed owing to the varied types and low numbers in each group.
    Results: The control cohort had 151 documented cases of otorrhea compared with 121 in the CLP group (ratio 1.25:1); the difference between groups was not statistically significant (P = .52). There was no significant difference in mean ENT clinic visits per patient for complications between groups (0.80 in the CLP group, 0.78 for controls) (P = .66). Regarding complications other than otorrhea, the control group reported more than the CLP group (43 vs 25; ratio, 1.7:1).
    Conclusions and relevance: Complication rates of VT placement among patients with CLP were not higher than those among patients without CLP. Therefore, treatment with VT insertion should be administered to patients with CLP under the same guidelines as for those without CLP. Indeed, there could be an argument for a shift in practice toward more aggressive treatment of patients with CLP, who are already vulnerable to speech and social developmental delay.
    MeSH term(s) Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Palate/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Ear Ventilation ; Otitis Media with Effusion/surgery ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2701825-8
    ISSN 2168-619X ; 2168-6181
    ISSN (online) 2168-619X
    ISSN 2168-6181
    DOI 10.1001/jamaoto.2014.1657
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  7. Article: Anesthetic complications of tympanostomy tube placement in children.

    Hoffmann, Karen K / Thompson, G Kevin / Burke, Bonnie L / Derkay, Craig S

    Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery

    2002  Volume 128, Issue 9, Page(s) 1040–1043

    Abstract: ... with no illness (P<.001).: Conclusions: Anesthesia administered for placement of tympanostomy tubes ... myringotomy with tympanostomy tube placement (BMTT).: Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital ... was performed for a consecutive series of 3198 children undergoing BMTT (1000 prospectively, 2198 ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine the incidence of perioperative anesthesia complications during bilateral myringotomy with tympanostomy tube placement (BMTT).
    Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital where otolaryngology attending physicians and residents performed surgical procedures. Anesthesia providers included pediatric anesthesiologists, residents, nurse anesthetists, and students.
    Methods: Medical record review was performed for a consecutive series of 3198 children undergoing BMTT (1000 prospectively, 2198 retrospectively). For the prospectively studied patients, major adverse events, which included laryngospasm and stridor, and minor adverse events, including upper airway obstruction, prolonged recovery, emesis, and persistent postprocedural agitation, were noted. Also recorded were the patient's American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical class status, age, concurrent medical conditions, and type of anesthesia provider.
    Results: Fewer than 9% of prospectively studied pediatric patients experienced a minor adverse event, whereas a major event occurred in 1.9%. Eighty-one percent of the events experienced were attributable to agitation or prolonged recovery. Neither ASA status (P =.38), age (P =.15), nor type of anesthesia provider (P =.06) were significantly related to the occurrence of an adverse event. However, a child with an acute or chronic illness has 2.78 times the odds of experiencing an adverse event compared with a child with no illness (P<.001).
    Conclusions: Anesthesia administered for placement of tympanostomy tubes by physicians who specialize in the care of children in a tertiary care children's hospital is safe. The most significant predictor of a minor anesthetic event during BMTT is the presence of a preexisting medical condition or concurrent acute illness.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Anesthesia/adverse effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Infant ; Middle Ear Ventilation/adverse effects ; Otitis Media/surgery ; Perioperative Care/adverse effects ; Postoperative Complications ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-05-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632721-7
    ISSN 1538-361X ; 0886-4470 ; 2168-6181
    ISSN (online) 1538-361X
    ISSN 0886-4470 ; 2168-6181
    DOI 10.1001/archotol.128.9.1040
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  8. Article: Phosphorylcholine-coated antibiotic tympanostomy tubes: are post-tube placement complications reduced?

    Licameli, Greg / Johnston, Patrick / Luz, Jennifer / Daley, James / Kenna, Margaret

    International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology

    2008  Volume 72, Issue 9, Page(s) 1323–1328

    Abstract: ... beveled tympanostomy tubes (TT) reduced the incidence of post-tube placement complications.: Methods ... in the incidence of any of these sequelae between standard and PC-coated tympanostomy tubes (p>0.05) during the 24 ... A prospective cohort aged 8-51 months received bilateral TTs for otitis media with effusion between July 2002 ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine if a phosphorylcholine (PC) antibacterial coating on standard Armstrong beveled tympanostomy tubes (TT) reduced the incidence of post-tube placement complications.
    Methods: A prospective cohort aged 8-51 months received bilateral TTs for otitis media with effusion between July 2002 and February 2004 at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Seventy children were randomized to receive a PC-coated TT in one ear and an uncoated TT in the other. Otologic examinations at prescribed intervals over two years post-operatively ascertained the status of sequelae. We analyzed the incidence of TT complications: otorrhea, premature extrusion, persistent tympanic membrane perforations, granulation tissue, and ventilation tube lumen obstruction.
    Results: There was no statistical difference in the incidence of any of these sequelae between standard and PC-coated tympanostomy tubes (p>0.05) during the 24-month-follow-up period. Results after 13 months of follow-up may have been affected by patients lost to follow-up and therefore a smaller sample size as the study continued.
    Conclusions: This study found that there is no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between uncoated and PC-coated fluoroplastic Armstrong beveled TTs.
    MeSH term(s) Child, Preschool ; Device Removal ; Granulation Tissue/pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Middle Ear Ventilation/instrumentation ; Otitis Media with Effusion/surgery ; Phosphorylcholine/administration & dosage ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control ; Prospective Studies ; Tympanic Membrane/pathology ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation
    Chemical Substances Phosphorylcholine (107-73-3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-09
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 754501-0
    ISSN 1872-8464 ; 0165-5876
    ISSN (online) 1872-8464
    ISSN 0165-5876
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.05.018
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  9. Article: Complications of tympanostomy tubes in an inner city clinic population.

    Goldstein, N A / Roland, J T / Sculerati, N

    International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology

    1996  Volume 34, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 87–99

    Abstract: ... of recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME) in children previous work has shown ... the incidence of complications from the insertion of tympanostomy tubes in the same pediatric clinic population ... extruded was 6.97 dB. Our study shows that the incidence of complications of tympanostomy tubes was minimal ...

    Abstract While both prophylactic antibiotics and tympanostomy tube insertion have a role in the treatment of recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME) in children previous work has shown that patients in our urban clinic are not compliant with prophylactic antibiotics. Concerned about the potential for decreased compliance in a non-compliant population, we performed a retrospective review to assess the incidence of complications from the insertion of tympanostomy tubes in the same pediatric clinic population. A total of 391 tubes were placed in 165 patients. Follow-up ranged from 0-49.4 months with a mean of 21.3 months. Three ears (1.14%) had persistent perforations. Tympanosclerosis was found in 30 ears (11.1%). No ear showed a chronic retraction or cholesteatoma. Six ears (1.70%) developed postoperative otorrhea. Thirty-five patients had at least one episode of otorrhea outside of the perioperative period, and a total of 60 episodes (19.6% of ears) occurred during the study period. The mean pure tone average prior to tube placement was 25.0 dB, with tubes in place was 2.44 dB and after the last set of tubes had extruded was 6.97 dB. Our study shows that the incidence of complications of tympanostomy tubes was minimal in our inner city clinic population.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Audiometry ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing Disorders/epidemiology ; Hearing Disorders/etiology ; Hospitals, Urban ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Ear Ventilation/adverse effects ; Otitis Media/surgery ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Urban Population
    Language English
    Publishing date 1996-01
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 754501-0
    ISSN 1872-8464 ; 0165-5876
    ISSN (online) 1872-8464
    ISSN 0165-5876
    DOI 10.1016/0165-5876(95)01259-1
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  10. Article ; Online: Post-operative complications of cochlear implantation in adults and children: five years' experience in Maastricht.

    Postelmans, J T F / Cleffken, B / Stokroos, R J

    The Journal of laryngology and otology

    2007  Volume 121, Issue 4, Page(s) 318–323

    Abstract: ... incidence of acute otitis media, we recommend adenoidectomy, placement of ventilation tubes and early ... wound infection and device failure mediated by middle-ear pathology. In cases of chronic otitis media ... individuals, a number of these patients suffer complications after surgery. To evaluate ...

    Abstract Although cochlear implantation is considered a safe method of rehabilitation for profoundly deaf individuals, a number of these patients suffer complications after surgery. To evaluate post-operative complications after cochlear implantation, a retrospective chart review was performed for 112 patients who had undergone implantation in the Maastricht Academic Hospital. Minor complications were defined as those that could be overcome by medical or audiological management. These occurred in 36 patients (32 per cent) and all were managed successfully. Major complications were defined as device extrusion and those requiring further surgery, and these were identified in four patients (3.6 per cent). These complications included wound infection and device failure mediated by middle-ear pathology. In cases of chronic otitis media, we recommend performance of cochlear implantation as a staged procedure. In order to reduce the post-operative incidence of acute otitis media, we recommend adenoidectomy, placement of ventilation tubes and early antibiotic treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cochlear Implantation/adverse effects ; Cochlear Implantation/methods ; Cochlear Implants ; Deafness/etiology ; Deafness/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Middle Ear Ventilation ; Otitis Media/prevention & control ; Prosthesis Failure ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218299-3
    ISSN 1748-5460 ; 0022-2151
    ISSN (online) 1748-5460
    ISSN 0022-2151
    DOI 10.1017/S0022215106003471
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