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  1. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2: What do we know so far?

    Khedkar, Pratik H / Patzak, Andreas

    Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)

    2020  Volume 229, Issue 2, Page(s) e13470

    MeSH term(s) Antiviral Agents/chemistry ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus/growth & development ; Betacoronavirus/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Humans ; Immunity, Herd ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Viral Vaccines/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Viral Vaccines
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2218636-0
    ISSN 1748-1716 ; 1748-1708
    ISSN (online) 1748-1716
    ISSN 1748-1708
    DOI 10.1111/apha.13470
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  2. Article ; Online: Genetic Variants of SARS-CoV-2: What Do We Know So Far?

    Jamil, Shazia / Shafazand, Shirin / Pasnick, Susan / Carlos, W Graham / Maves, Ryan / Cruz, Charles Dela

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2021  Volume 203, Issue 12, Page(s) P30–P32

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/virology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.2021C5
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  4. Article ; Online: Features of HLA class I expression and its clinical relevance in SARS-CoV-2: What do we know so far?

    Bouayad, Abdellatif

    Reviews in medical virology

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 6, Page(s) e2236

    Abstract: ... SARS-CoV-2 is no exception. These alterations result from a combination of virus-specific factors ... features of altered HLA-I expression found in SARS-CoV-2. I will then discuss the potential factors ...

    Abstract Modifications in HLA-I expression are found in many viral diseases. They represent one of the immune evasion strategies most widely used by viruses to block antigen presentation and NK cell response, and SARS-CoV-2 is no exception. These alterations result from a combination of virus-specific factors, genetically encoded mechanisms, and the status of host defences and range from loss or upregulation of HLA-I molecules to selective increases of HLA-I alleles. In this review, I will first analyse characteristic features of altered HLA-I expression found in SARS-CoV-2. I will then discuss the potential factors underlying these defects, focussing on HLA-E and class-I-related (like) molecules and their receptors, the most documented HLA-I alterations. I will also draw attention to potential differences between cells transfected to express viral proteins and those presented as part of authentic infection. Consideration of these factors and others affecting HLA-I expression may provide us with improved possibilities for research into cellular immunity against viral variants.
    MeSH term(s) Alleles ; Antigenic Variation ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/pathology ; COVID-19/virology ; Clonal Anergy ; Cytokines/genetics ; Cytokines/immunology ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Gene Expression ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Humans ; Immune Evasion ; Immunity, Cellular ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/virology ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C/genetics ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C/immunology ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D/genetics ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; KLRC1 protein, human ; KLRD1 protein, human ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1086043-5
    ISSN 1099-1654 ; 1052-9276
    ISSN (online) 1099-1654
    ISSN 1052-9276
    DOI 10.1002/rmv.2236
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  5. Article ; Online: Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) and its sublineages: What do we know so far amid the emergence of recombinant variants of SARS-CoV-2?

    Dhawan, Manish / Saied, AbdulRahman A / Mitra, Saikat / Alhumaydhi, Fahad A / Emran, Talha Bin / Wilairatana, Polrat

    Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

    2022  Volume 154, Page(s) 113522

    Abstract: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported ... and crucial variant among the five VOCs of SARS-CoV-2. The increased affinity of the spike protein (S ... protein), and host receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), due to a higher number of mutations ...

    Abstract Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported worldwide. The advent of variants of concern (VOCs) raises severe concerns amid the serious containment efforts against COVID-19 that include physical measures, pharmacological repurposing, immunization, and genomic/community surveillance. Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has been identified as a highly modified, contagious, and crucial variant among the five VOCs of SARS-CoV-2. The increased affinity of the spike protein (S-protein), and host receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), due to a higher number of mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S-protein has been proposed as the primary reason for the decreased efficacy of majorly available vaccines against the Omicron variant and the increased transmissible nature of the Omicron variant. Because of its significant competitive advantage, the Omicron variant and its sublineages swiftly surpassed other variants to become the dominant circulating lineages in a number of nations. The Omicron variant has been identified as a prevalent strain in the United Kingdom and South Africa. Furthermore, the emergence of recombinant variants through the conjunction of the Omicron variant with other variants or by the mixing of the Omicron variant's sublineages/subvariants poses a major threat to humanity. This raises various issues and hazards regarding the Omicron variant and its sublineages, such as an Omicron variant breakout in susceptible populations among fully vaccinated persons. As a result, understanding the features and genetic implications of this variant is crucial. Hence, we explained in depth the evolution and features of the Omicron variant and analyzed the repercussions of spike mutations on infectiousness, dissemination ability, viral entry mechanism, and immune evasion. We also presented a viewpoint on feasible strategies for precluding and counteracting any future catastrophic emergence and spread of the omicron variant and its sublineages that could result in a detrimental wave of COVID-19 cases.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Virus Internalization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-15
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 392415-4
    ISSN 1950-6007 ; 0753-3322 ; 0300-0893
    ISSN (online) 1950-6007
    ISSN 0753-3322 ; 0300-0893
    DOI 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113522
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  7. Article: What Do We Know So Far About Gastrointestinal and Liver Injuries Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Virus?

    Cao, Weibiao

    Gastroenterology research

    2020  Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) 225–226

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-23
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2475913-2
    ISSN 1918-2813 ; 1918-2805
    ISSN (online) 1918-2813
    ISSN 1918-2805
    DOI 10.14740/gr1350
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  8. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, skin and immunology - What do we know so far?

    Novak, Natalijia / Peng, Wenming / Naegeli, Mirjam C / Galvan, Christina / Kolm-Djamei, Isabel / Brüggen, Charlotte / Cabanillas, Beatriz / Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter / Catala, Alba

    Allergy

    2020  Volume 76, Issue 3, Page(s) 698–713

    Abstract: ... severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can take asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe courses. COVID-19 ... about the manifestation of various skin lesions and lesions of the vascular system in some subgroups of SARS-CoV-2 ... most frequently in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In order to update information gained ...

    Abstract The pandemic condition coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can take asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe courses. COVID-19 affects primarily the respiratory airways leading to dry cough, fever, myalgia, headache, fatigue, and diarrhea and can end up in interstitial pneumonia and severe respiratory failure. Reports about the manifestation of various skin lesions and lesions of the vascular system in some subgroups of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients as such features outside the respiratory sphere, are rapidly emerging. Vesicular, urticarial, and maculopapular eruptions and livedo, necrosis, and other vasculitis forms have been reported most frequently in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In order to update information gained, we provide a systematic overview of the skin lesions described in COVID-19 patients, discuss potential causative factors, and describe differential diagnostic evaluations. Moreover, we summarize current knowledge about immunologic, clinical, and histologic features of virus- and drug-induced lesions of the skin and changes to the vascular system in order to transfer this knowledge to potential mechanisms induced by SARS-CoV-2.
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/analysis ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/pathology ; COVID-19/transmission ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Skin/pathology ; Skin Diseases/etiology ; Skin Diseases/pathology
    Chemical Substances ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-12
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 391933-x
    ISSN 1398-9995 ; 0105-4538
    ISSN (online) 1398-9995
    ISSN 0105-4538
    DOI 10.1111/all.14498
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  9. Article ; Online: SARS‐CoV‐2, COVID‐19, skin and immunology – What do we know so far?

    Novak, Natalijia / Peng, Wenming / Naegeli, Mirjam C. / Galvan, Christina / Kolm‐Djamei, Isabel / Brüggen, Charlotte / Cabanillas, Beatriz / Schmid‐Grendelmeier, Peter / Catala, Alba

    Allergy ; ISSN 0105-4538 1398-9995

    2020  

    Keywords Immunology ; Immunology and Allergy ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Wiley
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1111/all.14498
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, skin and immunology - What do we know so far?

    Novak, Natalijia / Peng, Wenming / Naegeli, Mirjam C / Galvan, Christina / Kolm-Djamei, Isabel / Brüggen, Charlotte / Cabanillas, Beatriz / Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter / Catala, Alba

    Allergy

    Abstract: ... severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can take asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe courses. COVID-19 ... about the manifestation of various skin lesions and lesions of the vascular system in some subgroups of SARS-CoV-2 ... most frequently in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In order to update information gained ...

    Abstract The pandemic condition coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can take asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe courses. COVID-19 affects primarily the respiratory airways leading to dry cough, fever, myalgia, headache, fatigue, and diarrhea and can end up in interstitial pneumonia and severe respiratory failure. Reports about the manifestation of various skin lesions and lesions of the vascular system in some subgroups of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients as such features outside the respiratory sphere, are rapidly emerging. Vesicular, urticarial, and maculopapular eruptions and livedo, necrosis, and other vasculitis forms have been reported most frequently in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In order to update information gained, we provide a systematic overview of the skin lesions described in COVID-19 patients, discuss potential causative factors, and describe differential diagnostic evaluations. Moreover, we summarize current knowledge about immunologic, clinical, and histologic features of virus- and drug-induced lesions of the skin and changes to the vascular system in order to transfer this knowledge to potential mechanisms induced by SARS-CoV-2.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #641232
    Database COVID19

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