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  1. Article: COVID-19 Is an Endothelial Disease: Implications of Nitric Oxide.

    Kidde, Jason / Gorabi, Armita Mahdavi / Jamialahmadi, Tannaz / Sahebkar, Amirhossein

    Advances in experimental medicine and biology

    2021  Volume 1321, Page(s) 109–113

    Abstract: ... potential to mitigate COVID-19 severity. Inhaled nitric oxide appears to improve outcomes ... by nitric oxide deficiency, appear to have a more severe disease course. As such, nitric oxide has therapeutic ... Endothelial cells are a clinically important infection site for COVID-19, both as a mechanism ...

    Abstract Endothelial cells are a clinically important infection site for COVID-19, both as a mechanism for disease pathogenesis and as a therapeutic target. People with dysfunctional endothelium, defined by nitric oxide deficiency, appear to have a more severe disease course. As such, nitric oxide has therapeutic potential to mitigate COVID-19 severity. Inhaled nitric oxide appears to improve outcomes, although this strategy neglects systemic endothelium. Meanwhile, early studies have documented that endothelial protective medications, such as the administration of statins and ACE-inhibitors, are associated with less severe disease and reduced mortality. Importantly, these medications augment endothelial sources of nitric oxide, which may explain this effect.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2214-8019 ; 0065-2598
    ISSN (online) 2214-8019
    ISSN 0065-2598
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Implications of microvascular dysfunction and nitric oxide mediated inflammation in severe COVID-19 infection.

    Jani, Vinay P / Munoz, Carlos J / Govender, Krianthan / Williams, Alexander T / Cabrales, Pedro

    The American journal of the medical sciences

    2022  Volume 364, Issue 3, Page(s) 251–256

    Abstract: ... Therefore, severe COVID-19 is a vascular disease that has systemic implications. The objective of this review is ... with a particular emphasis on dysfunction of the endothelial glycocalyx and nitric oxide mediated pathogenesis. ... infection is, in essence, a microvascular disease. This contention has been emphasized throughout the course ...

    Abstract Infection with COVID-19 has resulted in over 276,000 deaths in the United States and over 1.5 million deaths globally, with upwards of 15% of patients requiring hospitalization. Severe COVID-19 infection is, in essence, a microvascular disease. This contention has been emphasized throughout the course of the pandemic, particularly due to the clinical manifestation of severe infection. In fact, it has been hypothesized and shown in particular instances that microvascular function is a significant prognosticator for morbidity and mortality. Initially thought to be isolated to the pulmonary system and resulting in ARDS, patients with COVID-19 have been observed to have acute cardiac, renal, and thrombolytic complications. Therefore, severe COVID-19 is a vascular disease that has systemic implications. The objective of this review is to provide a mechanistic background for the microvascular nature of severe COVID-19 infection, with a particular emphasis on dysfunction of the endothelial glycocalyx and nitric oxide mediated pathogenesis.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/complications ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Nitric Oxide ; Pandemics
    Chemical Substances Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 82078-7
    ISSN 1538-2990 ; 0002-9629
    ISSN (online) 1538-2990
    ISSN 0002-9629
    DOI 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.04.015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Targeting the NO-cGMP-PDE5 pathway in COVID-19 infection. The DEDALO project.

    Isidori, Andrea M / Giannetta, Elisa / Pofi, Riccardo / Venneri, Mary A / Gianfrilli, Daniele / Campolo, Federica / Mastroianni, Claudio M / Lenzi, Andrea / d'Ettorre, Gabriella

    Andrology

    2020  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 33–38

    Abstract: ... COVID-19 disease.: Materials and methods: We performed a systematic review of all evidence ... experimental studies have revealed a role for the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5 ... Background: A pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has been sweeping the world since December. It begins ...

    Abstract Background: A pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has been sweeping the world since December. It begins as a respiratory infection that, mainly in men with diabetes or renal impairment, evolves into a systemic disease, with SARDS, progressive endothelial cell damage, abnormal clotting and impaired cardiovascular and liver function. Some clinical trials are testing biological drugs to limit the immune system dysregulation, "cytokines storm," that causes the systemic complications of COVID-19. The contraindications of these drugs and their cost raise concerns over the implications of their widespread availability.
    Objectives: Numerous clinical and experimental studies have revealed a role for the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) pathway in modulating low-grade inflammation in patients with metabolic diseases, offering cardiovascular protection. PDE5 inhibition favors an anti-inflammatory response by modulating activated T cells, reducing cytokine release, lowering fibrosis, increasing oxygen diffusion, stimulating vascular repair. PDE5 is highly expressed in the lungs, where its inhibition improves pulmonary fibrosis, a complication of severe COVID-19 disease.
    Materials and methods: We performed a systematic review of all evidence documenting any involvement of the NO-cGMP-PDE5 axis in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, presenting the ongoing clinical trials aimed at modulating this axis, including our own "silDEnafil administration in DiAbetic and dysmetaboLic patients with COVID-19 (DEDALO trial)."
    Results: The reviewed evidence suggests that PDE5 inhibitors could offer a new strategy in managing COVID-19 by (i) counteracting the Ang-II-mediated downregulation of AT-1 receptor; (ii) acting on monocyte switching, thus reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, interstitial infiltration and the vessel damage responsible for alveolar hemorrhage-necrosis; (iii) inhibiting the transition of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to mesenchymal cells in the pulmonary artery, preventing clotting and thrombotic complications.
    Discussion and conclusion: If the ongoing trials presented herein should provide positive findings, the low cost, wide availability and temperature stability of PDE5 inhibitors could make them a major resource to combat COVID-19 in developing countries.
    MeSH term(s) Antiviral Agents/adverse effects ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/enzymology ; COVID-19/virology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5/metabolism ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Nitric Oxide/adverse effects ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/therapeutic use ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Signal Transduction ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 (EC 3.1.4.35) ; Cyclic GMP (H2D2X058MU)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2696108-8
    ISSN 2047-2927 ; 2047-2919
    ISSN (online) 2047-2927
    ISSN 2047-2919
    DOI 10.1111/andr.12837
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Targeting the NO-cGMP-PDE5 pathway in COVID-19 infection

    Isidori, A M / Giannetta, E / Pofi, R / Venneri, M A / Gianfrilli, D / Campolo, F / Mastroianni, C M / Lenzi, A / d039, / Ettorre, G

    Androl. (Online)

    Abstract: ... have revealed a role for the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) pathway ... A pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has been sweeping the world since December. It begins ... that causes the systemic complications of COVID-19. The contraindications of these drugs and their cost raise ...

    Abstract A pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has been sweeping the world since December. It begins as a respiratory infection that, mainly in men with diabetes or renal impairment, evolves into a systemic disease, with SARDS, progressive endothelial cell damage, abnormal clotting and impaired cardiovascular and liver function. Some clinical trials are testing biological drugs to limit the immune system dysregulation, "cytokines storm", that causes the systemic complications of COVID-19. The contraindications of these drugs and their cost raise concerns over the implications of their widespread availability. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have revealed a role for the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) pathway in modulating low-grade inflammation in patients with metabolic diseases, offering cardiovascular protection. PDE5 inhibition favors an anti-inflammatory response by modulating activated T cells, reducing cytokine release, lowering fibrosis, increasing oxygen diffusion, stimulating vascular repair. PDE5 is highly expressed in the lungs, where its inhibition improves pulmonary fibrosis, a complication of severe COVID-19 disease. We performed a systematic review of all evidence documenting any involvement of the NO-cGMP-PDE5 axis in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, presenting the ongoing clinical trials aimed at modulating this axis, including our own "silDEnafil administration in DiAbetic and dysmetaboLic patients with COVID-19 (DEDALO trial)". The reviewed evidence suggests that PDE5 inhibitors could offer a new strategy in managing COVID-19 by (i) counteracting the Ang-II-mediated downregulation of AT-1 receptor; (ii) acting on monocyte switching, thus reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, interstitial infiltration and the vessel damage responsible for alveolar hemorrhage-necrosis; (iii) inhibiting the transition of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to mesenchymal cells in the pulmonary artery, preventing clotting and thrombotic complications. If the ongoing trials presented herein should provide positive findings, the low cost, wide availability and temperature stability of PDE5 inhibitors could make them a major resource to combat COVID-19 in developing countries.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #593690
    Database COVID19

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  5. Article: Targeting the NO-cGMP-PDE5 pathway in COVID-19 infection. The DEDALO project

    Isidori, Andrea M / Giannetta, Elisa / Pofi, Riccardo / Venneri, Mary A / Gianfrilli, Daniele / Campolo, Federica / Mastroianni, Claudio M / Lenzi, Andrea / d039, / Ettorre, Gabriella

    Androl. (Online)

    Abstract: ... COVID-19 disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a systematic review of all evidence documenting ... experimental studies have revealed a role for the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5 ... BACKGROUND: A pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has been sweeping the world since December. It begins ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: A pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has been sweeping the world since December. It begins as a respiratory infection that, mainly in men with diabetes or renal impairment, evolves into a systemic disease, with SARDS, progressive endothelial cell damage, abnormal clotting and impaired cardiovascular and liver function. Some clinical trials are testing biological drugs to limit the immune system dysregulation, "cytokines storm," that causes the systemic complications of COVID-19. The contraindications of these drugs and their cost raise concerns over the implications of their widespread availability. OBJECTIVES: Numerous clinical and experimental studies have revealed a role for the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) pathway in modulating low-grade inflammation in patients with metabolic diseases, offering cardiovascular protection. PDE5 inhibition favors an anti-inflammatory response by modulating activated T cells, reducing cytokine release, lowering fibrosis, increasing oxygen diffusion, stimulating vascular repair. PDE5 is highly expressed in the lungs, where its inhibition improves pulmonary fibrosis, a complication of severe COVID-19 disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a systematic review of all evidence documenting any involvement of the NO-cGMP-PDE5 axis in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, presenting the ongoing clinical trials aimed at modulating this axis, including our own "silDEnafil administration in DiAbetic and dysmetaboLic patients with COVID-19 (DEDALO trial)." RESULTS: The reviewed evidence suggests that PDE5 inhibitors could offer a new strategy in managing COVID-19 by (i) counteracting the Ang-II-mediated downregulation of AT-1 receptor; (ii) acting on monocyte switching, thus reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, interstitial infiltration and the vessel damage responsible for alveolar hemorrhage-necrosis; (iii) inhibiting the transition of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to mesenchymal cells in the pulmonary artery, preventing clotting and thrombotic complications. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: If the ongoing trials presented herein should provide positive findings, the low cost, wide availability and temperature stability of PDE5 inhibitors could make them a major resource to combat COVID-19 in developing countries.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #679523
    Database COVID19

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  6. Article ; Online: Targeting the NO-cGMP-PDE5 pathway in COVID-19 infection

    Isidori, A M / Giannetta, E / Pofi, R / Venneri, M A / Gianfrilli, D / Campolo, F / Mastroianni, C M / Lenzi, A / d'Ettorre, G

    2020  

    Abstract: ... have revealed a role for the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) pathway ... A pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has been sweeping the world since December. It begins ... that causes the systemic complications of COVID-19. The contraindications of these drugs and their cost raise ...

    Abstract A pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has been sweeping the world since December. It begins as a respiratory infection that, mainly in men with diabetes or renal impairment, evolves into a systemic disease, with SARDS, progressive endothelial cell damage, abnormal clotting and impaired cardiovascular and liver function. Some clinical trials are testing biological drugs to limit the immune system dysregulation, "cytokines storm", that causes the systemic complications of COVID-19. The contraindications of these drugs and their cost raise concerns over the implications of their widespread availability. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have revealed a role for the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) pathway in modulating low-grade inflammation in patients with metabolic diseases, offering cardiovascular protection. PDE5 inhibition favors an anti-inflammatory response by modulating activated T cells, reducing cytokine release, lowering fibrosis, increasing oxygen diffusion, stimulating vascular repair. PDE5 is highly expressed in the lungs, where its inhibition improves pulmonary fibrosis, a complication of severe COVID-19 disease. We performed a systematic review of all evidence documenting any involvement of the NO-cGMP-PDE5 axis in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, presenting the ongoing clinical trials aimed at modulating this axis, including our own "silDEnafil administration in DiAbetic and dysmetaboLic patients with COVID-19 (DEDALO trial)". The reviewed evidence suggests that PDE5 inhibitors could offer a new strategy in managing COVID-19 by (i) counteracting the Ang-II-mediated downregulation of AT-1 receptor; (ii) acting on monocyte switching, thus reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, interstitial infiltration and the vessel damage responsible for alveolar hemorrhage-necrosis; (iii) inhibiting the transition of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to mesenchymal cells in the pulmonary artery, preventing clotting and thrombotic complications. If the ongoing trials presented herein should provide positive findings, the low cost, wide availability and temperature stability of PDE5 inhibitors could make them a major resource to combat COVID-19 in developing countries.
    Keywords IL-6 ; pde5 inhibitors ; cytokine storm ; interstitial pneumonia ; pulmonary fibrosis ; type 2 diabetes mellitus ; covid19
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing country it
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: The Natural-Mineral-Based Novel Nanomaterial IFMC Increases Intravascular Nitric Oxide without Its Intake: Implications for COVID-19 and beyond.

    Akiyama, Tomohiro / Hirata, Takamichi / Fujimoto, Takahiro / Hatakeyama, Shinnosuke / Yamazaki, Ryuhei / Nomura, Tomohiro

    Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 9

    Abstract: ... complications are rapidly emerging as a key threat of COVID-19. Existing nitric oxide (NO) therapies have been ... coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), despite the urgent need. In addition to respiratory diseases, vascular ... of COVID-19. The present study examined if it could induce an increase of intravascular NO, vasodilation ...

    Abstract There are currently no promising therapy strategies for either the treatment or prevention of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), despite the urgent need. In addition to respiratory diseases, vascular complications are rapidly emerging as a key threat of COVID-19. Existing nitric oxide (NO) therapies have been shown to improve the vascular system; however, they have different limitations in terms of safety, usability and availability. In light of this, we hypothesise that a natural-mineral-based novel nanomaterial, which was developed based on NO therapy, might be a viable strategy for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. The present study examined if it could induce an increase of intravascular NO, vasodilation and the consequent increase of blood flow rate and temperature in a living body. The intravascular NO concentration in the hepatic portal of rats was increased by 0.17 nM over 35.2 s on average after its application. An ultrasonic Doppler flow meter showed significant increases in the blood flow rate and vessel diameter, but no difference in the blood flow velocity. These were corroborated by measurements of human hand surface temperature. To our knowledge, this result is the first evidence where an increase of intravascular NO and vasodilation were induced by bringing a natural-mineral-based nanomaterial into contact with or close to a living body. The precise mechanisms remain a matter for further investigation; however, we may assume that endothelial NO synthase, haemoglobin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor are deeply involved in the increase of intravascular NO.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662255-5
    ISSN 2079-4991
    ISSN 2079-4991
    DOI 10.3390/nano10091699
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: The Natural-Mineral-Based Novel Nanomaterial IFMC Increases Intravascular Nitric Oxide without Its Intake: Implications for COVID-19 and beyond

    Akiyama, Tomohiro / Hirata, Takamichi / Fujimoto, Takahiro / Hatakeyama, Shinnosuke / Yamazaki, Ryuhei / Nomura, Tomohiro

    Nanomaterials

    Abstract: ... complications are rapidly emerging as a key threat of COVID-19 Existing nitric oxide (NO) therapies have been ... coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), despite the urgent need In addition to respiratory diseases, vascular ... of COVID-19 The present study examined if it could induce an increase of intravascular NO, vasodilation and ...

    Abstract There are currently no promising therapy strategies for either the treatment or prevention of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), despite the urgent need In addition to respiratory diseases, vascular complications are rapidly emerging as a key threat of COVID-19 Existing nitric oxide (NO) therapies have been shown to improve the vascular system;however, they have different limitations in terms of safety, usability and availability In light of this, we hypothesise that a natural-mineral-based novel nanomaterial, which was developed based on NO therapy, might be a viable strategy for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 The present study examined if it could induce an increase of intravascular NO, vasodilation and the consequent increase of blood flow rate and temperature in a living body The intravascular NO concentration in the hepatic portal of rats was increased by 0 17 nM over 35 2 s on average after its application An ultrasonic Doppler flow meter showed significant increases in the blood flow rate and vessel diameter, but no difference in the blood flow velocity These were corroborated by measurements of human hand surface temperature To our knowledge, this result is the first evidence where an increase of intravascular NO and vasodilation were induced by bringing a natural-mineral-based nanomaterial into contact with or close to a living body The precise mechanisms remain a matter for further investigation;however, we may assume that endothelial NO synthase, haemoglobin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor are deeply involved in the increase of intravascular NO
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #736709
    Database COVID19

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  9. Article ; Online: The Natural-Mineral-Based Novel Nanomaterial IFMC Increases Intravascular Nitric Oxide without Its Intake

    Tomohiro Akiyama / Takamichi Hirata / Takahiro Fujimoto / Shinnosuke Hatakeyama / Ryuhei Yamazaki / Tomohiro Nomura

    Nanomaterials, Vol 10, Iss 1699, p

    Implications for COVID-19 and beyond

    2020  Volume 1699

    Abstract: ... complications are rapidly emerging as a key threat of COVID-19. Existing nitric oxide (NO) therapies have been ... coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), despite the urgent need. In addition to respiratory diseases, vascular ... of COVID-19. The present study examined if it could induce an increase of intravascular NO, vasodilation ...

    Abstract There are currently no promising therapy strategies for either the treatment or prevention of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), despite the urgent need. In addition to respiratory diseases, vascular complications are rapidly emerging as a key threat of COVID-19. Existing nitric oxide (NO) therapies have been shown to improve the vascular system; however, they have different limitations in terms of safety, usability and availability. In light of this, we hypothesise that a natural-mineral-based novel nanomaterial, which was developed based on NO therapy, might be a viable strategy for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. The present study examined if it could induce an increase of intravascular NO, vasodilation and the consequent increase of blood flow rate and temperature in a living body. The intravascular NO concentration in the hepatic portal of rats was increased by 0.17 nM over 35.2 s on average after its application. An ultrasonic Doppler flow meter showed significant increases in the blood flow rate and vessel diameter, but no difference in the blood flow velocity. These were corroborated by measurements of human hand surface temperature. To our knowledge, this result is the first evidence where an increase of intravascular NO and vasodilation were induced by bringing a natural-mineral-based nanomaterial into contact with or close to a living body. The precise mechanisms remain a matter for further investigation; however, we may assume that endothelial NO synthase, haemoglobin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor are deeply involved in the increase of intravascular NO.
    Keywords SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; natural-mineral-based nanomaterial ; nitric oxide ; haemoglobin ; blood flow promotion ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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