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  1. Article: Exaptation of Retroviral Syncytin for Development of Syncytialized Placenta, Its Limited Homology to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Arguments against Disturbing Narrative in the Context of COVID-19 Vaccination.

    Kloc, Malgorzata / Uosef, Ahmed / Kubiak, Jacek Z / Ghobrial, Rafik M

    Biology

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 3

    Abstract: ... then into syncytiotrophoblast, is facilitated by the fusogenic protein syncytin. Syncytin derives from an envelope glycoprotein ... Human placenta formation relies on the interaction between fused trophoblast cells of the embryo ... with uterine endometrium. The fusion between trophoblast cells, first into cytotrophoblast and ...

    Abstract Human placenta formation relies on the interaction between fused trophoblast cells of the embryo with uterine endometrium. The fusion between trophoblast cells, first into cytotrophoblast and then into syncytiotrophoblast, is facilitated by the fusogenic protein syncytin. Syncytin derives from an envelope glycoprotein (ENV) of retroviral origin. In exogenous retroviruses, the envelope glycoproteins coded by
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2661517-4
    ISSN 2079-7737
    ISSN 2079-7737
    DOI 10.3390/biology10030238
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Exaptation of Retroviral Syncytin for Development of Syncytialized Placenta, Its Limited Homology to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Arguments against Disturbing Narrative in the Context of COVID-19 Vaccination

    Malgorzata Kloc / Ahmed Uosef / Jacek Z. Kubiak / Rafik M. Ghobrial

    Biology, Vol 10, Iss 238, p

    2021  Volume 238

    Abstract: ... on the presupposed similarity between syncytin and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. ... the structure and origin of the placenta, the fusogenic and non-fusogenic functions of syncytin, and ... then into syncytiotrophoblast, is facilitated by the fusogenic protein syncytin. Syncytin derives from an envelope glycoprotein ...

    Abstract Human placenta formation relies on the interaction between fused trophoblast cells of the embryo with uterine endometrium. The fusion between trophoblast cells, first into cytotrophoblast and then into syncytiotrophoblast, is facilitated by the fusogenic protein syncytin. Syncytin derives from an envelope glycoprotein (ENV) of retroviral origin. In exogenous retroviruses, the envelope glycoproteins coded by env genes allow fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane and entry of the virus into a host cell. During mammalian evolution, the env genes have been repeatedly, and independently, captured by various mammalian species to facilitate the formation of the placenta. Such a shift in the function of a gene, or a trait, for a different purpose during evolution is called an exaptation (co-option). We discuss the structure and origin of the placenta, the fusogenic and non-fusogenic functions of syncytin, and the mechanism of cell fusion. We also comment on an alleged danger of the COVID-19 vaccine based on the presupposed similarity between syncytin and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
    Keywords placenta ; syncytin ; spike protein ; retrovirus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 vaccine ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  3. Article: Exaptation of Retroviral Syncytin for Development of Syncytialized Placenta, Its Limited Homology to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Arguments against Disturbing Narrative in the Context of COVID-19 Vaccination

    Kloc, Malgorzata / Uosef, Ahmed / Kubiak, Jacek Z / Ghobrial, Rafik M

    Biology. 2021 Mar. 19, v. 10, no. 3

    2021  

    Abstract: ... on the presupposed similarity between syncytin and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. ... the structure and origin of the placenta, the fusogenic and non-fusogenic functions of syncytin, and ... then into syncytiotrophoblast, is facilitated by the fusogenic protein syncytin. Syncytin derives from an envelope glycoprotein ...

    Abstract Human placenta formation relies on the interaction between fused trophoblast cells of the embryo with uterine endometrium. The fusion between trophoblast cells, first into cytotrophoblast and then into syncytiotrophoblast, is facilitated by the fusogenic protein syncytin. Syncytin derives from an envelope glycoprotein (ENV) of retroviral origin. In exogenous retroviruses, the envelope glycoproteins coded by env genes allow fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane and entry of the virus into a host cell. During mammalian evolution, the env genes have been repeatedly, and independently, captured by various mammalian species to facilitate the formation of the placenta. Such a shift in the function of a gene, or a trait, for a different purpose during evolution is called an exaptation (co-option). We discuss the structure and origin of the placenta, the fusogenic and non-fusogenic functions of syncytin, and the mechanism of cell fusion. We also comment on an alleged danger of the COVID-19 vaccine based on the presupposed similarity between syncytin and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Retroviridae ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; cell fusion ; cell membranes ; endometrium ; exaptation ; genes ; glycoproteins ; humans ; trophoblast ; vaccination ; vaccines ; viruses
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0319
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2661517-4
    ISSN 2079-7737
    ISSN 2079-7737
    DOI 10.3390/biology10030238
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

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