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  1. Article: Functions of the orexinergic/hypocretinergic system.

    Kukkonen, Jyrki P / Holmqvist, Tomas / Ammoun, Sylwia / Akerman, Karl E O

    American journal of physiology. Cell physiology

    2002  Volume 283, Issue 6, Page(s) C1567–91

    Abstract: ... cause Ca2+ elevation, which is mainly dependent on influx. The activity of orexinergic cells appears ... receptors (OX1 and OX2 receptors). In the central nervous system, the cell bodies producing orexins are ... from the brain and other tissues. Orexins and orexin receptors are also found outside the central nervous system ...

    Abstract Orexin A and orexin B are hypothalamic peptides that act on their targets via two G protein-coupled receptors (OX1 and OX2 receptors). In the central nervous system, the cell bodies producing orexins are localized in a narrow region within the lateral hypothalamus and project mainly to regions involved in feeding, sleep, and autonomic functions. Via putative pre- and postsynaptic effects, orexins increase synaptic activity in these regions. In isolated neurons and cells expressing recombinant receptors orexins cause Ca2+ elevation, which is mainly dependent on influx. The activity of orexinergic cells appears to be controlled by feeding- and sleep-related signals via a variety of neurotransmitters/hormones from the brain and other tissues. Orexins and orexin receptors are also found outside the central nervous system, particularly in organs involved in feeding and energy metabolism, e.g., gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and adrenal gland. In the present review we focus on the physiological properties of the cells that secrete or respond to orexins.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence/genetics ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/physiology ; Central Nervous System/metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neuropeptides/physiology ; Orexin Receptors ; Orexins ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Neuropeptide/genetics ; Receptors, Neuropeptide/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Carrier Proteins ; HCRT protein, human ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Neuropeptides ; Orexin Receptors ; Orexins ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Neuropeptide
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-10-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 392098-7
    ISSN 1522-1563 ; 0363-6143
    ISSN (online) 1522-1563
    ISSN 0363-6143
    DOI 10.1152/ajpcell.00055.2002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A unified survival theory of the functioning of the hypocretinergic system.

    Chase, Michael H

    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

    2013  Volume 115, Issue 7, Page(s) 954–971

    Abstract: This article advances the theory that the hypocretinergic (orexinergic) system initiates ... Theory of the Functioning of the Hypocretinergic System or "Unified Hypocretinergic Survival Theory ... such as fight, flight, and food consumption. In addition, the hypocretinergic system exhibits the requisite ...

    Abstract This article advances the theory that the hypocretinergic (orexinergic) system initiates, coordinates, and maintains survival behaviors and survival-related processes (i.e., the Unified Survival Theory of the Functioning of the Hypocretinergic System or "Unified Hypocretinergic Survival Theory"). A priori presumptive support for the Unified Hypocretinergic Survival Theory emanates from the fact that neurons that contain hypocretin are located in the key executive central nervous system (CNS) site, the lateral hypothalamus, that for decades has been well-documented to govern core survival behaviors such as fight, flight, and food consumption. In addition, the hypocretinergic system exhibits the requisite morphological and electrophysiological capabilities to control survival behaviors and related processes. Complementary behavioral data demonstrate that all facets of "survival" are coordinated by the hypocretinergic system and that hypocretinergic directives are not promulgated except during survival behaviors. Importantly, it has been shown that survival behaviors are selectively impacted when the hypocretinergic system is impaired or rendered nonfunctional, whereas other behaviors are relatively unaffected. The Unified Hypocretinergic Survival Theory resolves the disparate, perplexing, and often paradoxical-appearing results of previous studies; it also provides a foundation for future hypothesis-driven basic science and clinical explorations of the hypocretinergic system.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurons/physiology ; Neuropeptides/metabolism ; Orexins ; Survival/physiology
    Chemical Substances Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Neuropeptides ; Orexins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-10-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 219139-8
    ISSN 1522-1601 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    ISSN (online) 1522-1601
    ISSN 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00700.2012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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