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Article ; Online: Literature Review-Transthoracic Echocardiography, Computed Tomography Angiography, and Their Value in Clinical Decision Making and Outcome Predictions in Patients with COVID-19 Associated Cardiovascular Complications.

Warpechowski, Jędrzej / Olichwier, Adam / Golonko, Aleksandra / Warpechowski, Marcin / Milewski, Robert

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 12

Abstract: ... Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 are frequently associated with a severe inflammatory response ... in patients with COVID-19-associated cardiovascular complications. Our review revealed the high clinical value ... search for cardiovascular complications in patients with severe COVID-19, as they are linked ...

Abstract	The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic posed a great threat to the world's healthcare systems. It resulted in the development of new methods and algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of both COVID-19 and its complications. Diagnostic imaging played a crucial role in both cases. Among the most widely used examinations are transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 are frequently associated with a severe inflammatory response, which results in acute respiratory failure, further leading to severe complications of the cardiovascular system. Our review aims to discuss the value of TTE and CTA in clinical decision making and outcome prediction in patients with COVID-19-associated cardiovascular complications. Our review revealed the high clinical value of various TTE findings and their association with mortality and the prediction of patients' clinical outcomes, especially when used with other laboratory parameters. The strongest association between increased mortality and findings in TTE was observed for tachycardia and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (odds ratio (OR) 24.06) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/pulmonary artery systolic pressure ratio (TAPSE/PASP ratio) < 0.31 mm/mmHg (OR 17.80). CTA is a valuable tool in diagnosing COVID-19-associated pulmonary embolism, but its association with mortality and its predictive role should always be combined with laboratory findings and patients' medical history. D-dimers > 3000 ng/mL were found as the strongest predictors of pulmonary embolism (PE) (OR 7.494). Our review indicates the necessity for an active search for cardiovascular complications in patients with severe COVID-19, as they are linked with an increased probability of fatal outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Computed Tomography Angiography ; Stroke Volume ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/complications ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Echocardiography/methods ; Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging ; Clinical Decision-Making
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20126123
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Plasma Proteomics of COVID-19 Associated Cardiovascular Complications: Implications for Pathophysiology and Therapeutics.

Research square

2021

Abstract: Cardiovascular complications are common in COVID-19 and strongly associated with disease severity ... and mortality. However, the mechanisms driving cardiac injury and failure in COVID-19 are largely ... unknown. We performed plasma proteomics on 80 COVID-19 patients and controls, grouped according to disease ...

Abstract	Cardiovascular complications are common in COVID-19 and strongly associated with disease severity and mortality. However, the mechanisms driving cardiac injury and failure in COVID-19 are largely unknown. We performed plasma proteomics on 80 COVID-19 patients and controls, grouped according to disease severity and cardiac involvement. Findings were validated in 305 independent COVID-19 patients and investigated in an animal model. Here we show that senescence-associated secretory proteins, markers of biological aging, strongly associate with disease severity and cardiac involvement even in age-matched cohorts. FSTL3, an indicator of Activin/TGFβ signaling, was the most significantly upregulated protein associated with the heart failure biomarker, NTproBNP (β = 0.4;p
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.21203/rs.3.rs-539712/v1
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Article: COVID-19-Associated Cardiovascular Complications.

Lee, Clement C E / Ali, Kashan / Connell, David / Mordi, Ify R / George, Jacob / Lang, Elizabeth Msl / Lang, Chim C

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 9, Issue 3

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to cause cardiovascular complications ... notably the role of inflammation and IL-6-potentially underlie these complications. The reported cardiac ...

Abstract	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to cause cardiovascular complications such as myocardial injury, thromboembolic events, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Multiple mechanisms-some overlapping, notably the role of inflammation and IL-6-potentially underlie these complications. The reported cardiac injury may be a result of direct viral invasion of cardiomyocytes with consequent unopposed effects of angiotensin II, increased metabolic demand, immune activation, or microvascular dysfunction. Thromboembolic events have been widely reported in both the venous and arterial systems that have attracted intense interest in the underlying mechanisms. These could potentially be due to endothelial dysfunction secondary to direct viral invasion or inflammation. Additionally, thromboembolic events may also be a consequence of an attempt by the immune system to contain the infection through immunothrombosis and neutrophil extracellular traps. Cardiac arrhythmias have also been reported with a wide range of implicated contributory factors, ranging from direct viral myocardial injury, as well as other factors, including at-risk individuals with underlying inherited arrhythmia syndromes. Heart failure may also occur as a progression from cardiac injury, precipitation secondary to the initiation or withdrawal of certain drugs, or the accumulation of des-Arg
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2720869-2
ISSN	2079-9721
ISSN	2079-9721
DOI	10.3390/diseases9030047
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Article ; Online: Cardiovascular Complications of Pregnancy-Associated COVID-19 Infections.

Briller, Joan E / Aggarwal, Niti R / Davis, Melinda B / Hameed, Afshan B / Malhamé, Isabelle / Mahmoud, Zainab / McDonald, Emily G / Moraes de Oliveira, Glaucia / Quesada, Odayme / Scott, Nandita S / Sharma, Jyoti

JACC. Advances

2022 Volume 1, Issue 3, Page(s) 100057

Abstract: ... about pregnancy-associated COVID-19 cardiovascular complications. ... extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization. Current statements addressing COVID-19-associated cardiac complications do not ... Cardiovascular complications are frequently present in coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) infection ...

Abstract	Cardiovascular complications are frequently present in coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) infection. These include microvascular and macrovascular thrombotic complications such as arterial and venous thromboembolism, myocardial injury or inflammation resulting in infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Data suggest increased risk of adverse outcomes in pregnant compared with nonpregnant women of reproductive age with COVID-19 infection, including need for intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation utilization. Current statements addressing COVID-19-associated cardiac complications do not include pregnancy complications that may mimic COVID-19 complications such as peripartum cardiomyopathy, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and preeclampsia. Unique to pregnancy, COVID-19 complications can result in preterm delivery and modify management of the pregnancy. Moreover, pregnancy has often been an exclusion criterion for enrollment in research studies. In this review, we summarize what is known about pregnancy-associated COVID-19 cardiovascular complications.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2772-963X
ISSN (online)	2772-963X
DOI	10.1016/j.jacadv.2022.100057
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Article ; Online: COVID-19-Associated Cardiovascular Complications

Clement C. E. Lee / Kashan Ali / David Connell / Ify R. Mordi / Jacob George / Elizabeth MSL Lang / Chim C. Lang

Diseases, Vol 9, Iss 3, p

2021 Volume 47

Abstract: ... the proposed physiological mechanisms of COVID-19-associated cardiovascular complications. ... Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to cause cardiovascular complications ... since many patients who have survived COVID-19 describe persisting health problems. This review will summarise ...

Abstract	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported to cause cardiovascular complications such as myocardial injury, thromboembolic events, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Multiple mechanisms—some overlapping, notably the role of inflammation and IL-6—potentially underlie these complications. The reported cardiac injury may be a result of direct viral invasion of cardiomyocytes with consequent unopposed effects of angiotensin II, increased metabolic demand, immune activation, or microvascular dysfunction. Thromboembolic events have been widely reported in both the venous and arterial systems that have attracted intense interest in the underlying mechanisms. These could potentially be due to endothelial dysfunction secondary to direct viral invasion or inflammation. Additionally, thromboembolic events may also be a consequence of an attempt by the immune system to contain the infection through immunothrombosis and neutrophil extracellular traps. Cardiac arrhythmias have also been reported with a wide range of implicated contributory factors, ranging from direct viral myocardial injury, as well as other factors, including at-risk individuals with underlying inherited arrhythmia syndromes. Heart failure may also occur as a progression from cardiac injury, precipitation secondary to the initiation or withdrawal of certain drugs, or the accumulation of des-Arg 9 -bradykinin (DABK) with excessive induction of pro-inflammatory G protein coupled receptor B 1 (BK1). The presenting cardiovascular symptoms include chest pain, dyspnoea, and palpitations. There is currently intense interest in vaccine-induced thrombosis and in the treatment of Long COVID since many patients who have survived COVID-19 describe persisting health problems. This review will summarise the proposed physiological mechanisms of COVID-19-associated cardiovascular complications.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Long COVID ; cardiovascular system ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Cardiovascular risk and complications associated with COVID-19.

Krittanawong, Chayakrit / Kumar, Anirudh / Hahn, Joshua / Wang, Zhen / Zhang, Hong Ju / Sun, Tao / Bozkurt, Biykem / Ballantyne, Christie M / Virani, Salim S / Halperin, Jonathan L / Jneid, Hani

American journal of cardiovascular disease

2020 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 479–489

Abstract: ... and preprint literature on cardiovascular risks and complications associated with COVID-19, as well ... COVID-19 has been associated with several cardiac complications, including hypercoagulability, acute ... Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO), was caused ...

Abstract	In December 2019, an unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia cases associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) first occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The disease, later named Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO), was caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and on January 30, 2020, the WHO declared the outbreak of COVID-19 to be a public health emergency. COVID-19 is now a global pandemic impacting more than 43,438,043 patients with 1,158,596 deaths globally as of August 26th, 2020. COVID-19 is highly contagious and has caused more deaths than SARS in 2002-2003 or the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012-2013 combined and represents an unprecedented human affliction not seen since the influenza pandemic of 1918. COVID-19 has been associated with several cardiac complications, including hypercoagulability, acute myocardial injury and myocarditis, arrhythmias, and acute coronary syndromes. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at the highest risk for myocardial injury and mortality among infected patients. The mechanism by which COVID-infected patients develop cardiac complications remains unclear, though it may be mediated by increased ACE-2 gene expression. Despite initial concerns, there is no evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy increases risk for myocardial injury among those infected with COVID-19. In the current report, we summarize the peer-reviewed and preprint literature on cardiovascular risks and complications associated with COVID-19, as well as provide insights into its pathogenesis and management.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2616844-3
ISSN	2160-200X
ISSN	2160-200X
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Article ; Online: Sex-Related Factors in Cardiovascular Complications Associated to COVID-19.

Megiorni, Francesca / Pontecorvi, Paola / Gerini, Giulia / Anastasiadou, Eleni / Marchese, Cinzia / Ceccarelli, Simona

Biomolecules

2021 Volume 12, Issue 1

Abstract: ... Cardiovascular diseases play a central role in determining COVID-19 outcome, whether they are pre-existent or arose ... Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic infection caused ... of symptoms and signs. The clinical manifestations seem to be correlated with disease severity. COVID-19 susceptibility ...

Abstract	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), presents with an extremely heterogeneous spectrum of symptoms and signs. The clinical manifestations seem to be correlated with disease severity. COVID-19 susceptibility and mortality show a significant sex imbalance, with men being more prone to infection and showing a higher rate of hospitalization and mortality compared to women. Such variability can be ascribed to both sex-related biological factors and gender-related behavioral cues. This review will discuss the potential mechanisms accounting for sex/gender influence in vulnerability to COVID-19. Cardiovascular diseases play a central role in determining COVID-19 outcome, whether they are pre-existent or arose upon infection. We will pay particular attention to the impact of sex and gender on cardiovascular manifestations related to COVID-19. Finally, we will discuss the sex-dependent variability in some biomarkers for the evaluation of COVID-19 infection and prognosis. The aim of this work is to highlight the significance of gendered medicine in setting up personalized programs for COVID-19 prevention, clinical evaluation and treatment.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2701262-1
ISSN	2218-273X ; 2218-273X
ISSN (online)	2218-273X
ISSN	2218-273X
DOI	10.3390/biom12010021
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Article ; Online: Cardiovascular and Renal Risk Factors and Complications Associated With COVID-19.

Touyz, Rhian M / Boyd, Marcus O E / Guzik, Tomasz / Padmanabhan, Sandosh / McCallum, Linsay / Delles, Christian / Mark, Patrick B / Petrie, John R / Rios, Francisco / Montezano, Augusto C / Sykes, Robert / Berry, Colin

CJC open

2021 Volume 3, Issue 10, Page(s) 1257–1272

Abstract: ... cardiovascular complications associated with long COVID-19, notably postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). ... emphasize the major cardiovascular diseases associated with COVID-19. We also briefly discuss emerging ... cardiovascular disease and COVID-19, focusing on the RAS and ACE2, as well as the immune system and inflammation ...

Abstract	The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, represents the largest medical challenge in decades. It has exposed unexpected cardiovascular vulnerabilities at all stages of the disease (pre-infection, acute phase, and subsequent chronic phase). The major cardiometabolic drivers identified as having epidemiologic and mechanistic associations with COVID-19 are abnormal adiposity, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Hypertension is of particular interest, because components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which are critically involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension, are also implicated in COVID-19. Specifically, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), a multifunctional protein of the RAS, which is part of the protective axis of the RAS, is also the receptor through which SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells, causing viral infection. Cardiovascular and cardiometabolic comorbidities not only predispose people to COVID-19, but also are complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, increasing evidence indicates that acute kidney injury is common in COVID-19, occurs early and in temporal association with respiratory failure, and is associated with poor prognosis, especially in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. Here, we discuss cardiovascular and kidney disease in the context of COVID-19 and provide recent advances on putative pathophysiological mechanisms linking cardiovascular disease and COVID-19, focusing on the RAS and ACE2, as well as the immune system and inflammation. We provide up-to-date information on the relationships among hypertension, diabetes, and COVID-19 and emphasize the major cardiovascular diseases associated with COVID-19. We also briefly discuss emerging cardiovascular complications associated with long COVID-19, notably postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS).
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2589-790X
ISSN (online)	2589-790X
DOI	10.1016/j.cjco.2021.05.020
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Article ; Online: Managing thrombosis and cardiovascular complications of COVID-19: answering the questions in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy.

Iba, Toshiaki / Levy, Jerrold H / Connors, Jean Marie / Warkentin, Theodore E / Thachil, Jecko / Levi, Marcel

Expert review of respiratory medicine

2021 Volume 15, Issue 8, Page(s) 1003–1011

Abstract: ... Why is COVID-19-associated coagulopathy more thrombotic than most other infectious diseases?', 'Why is ... Introduction: The first patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged at the end ... questions. 'Why is COVID-19 so hypercoagulable?', 'Why are most coagulation test results relatively normal ...

Abstract	Introduction: The first patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged at the end of 2019. This novel viral infection demonstrated unique features that include prothrombotic clinical presentations. However, one year after the first occurrence, there remain many unanswered questions. We tried to address some of the important queries in this review. Areas covered: We raised the following critical questions. 'Why is COVID-19 so hypercoagulable?', 'Why are most coagulation test results relatively normal?', 'Why is COVID-19-associated coagulopathy more thrombotic than most other infectious diseases?', 'Why is arterial thrombus formed frequently?', 'Is anticoagulant therapy for COVID-19 effective?', and 'Are there racial disparities in thrombosis in COVID-19?' Expert opinion: There are commonalities and differences in the pathogeneses and clinical features between COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. Correct understanding will help discussing appropriate anticoagulation prophylaxis or treatment for thromboembolism.
MeSH term(s)	Blood Coagulation Disorders/drug therapy ; Blood Coagulation Disorders/etiology ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Thromboembolism ; Thrombosis/drug therapy ; Thrombosis/etiology ; Thrombosis/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2479146-5
ISSN	1747-6356 ; 1747-6348
ISSN (online)	1747-6356
ISSN	1747-6348
DOI	10.1080/17476348.2021.1899815
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Article ; Online: Plasma Proteomics of COVID-19-Associated Cardiovascular Complications: Implications for Pathophysiology and Therapeutics.

JACC. Basic to translational science

2022 Volume 7, Issue 5, Page(s) 425–441

Abstract: To gain insights into the mechanisms driving cardiovascular complications in COVID-19, we performed ... into the pathophysiology of COVID-19 cardiovascular complications with therapeutic implications. ... a case-control plasma proteomics study in COVID-19 patients. Our results identify the senescence ...

Abstract	To gain insights into the mechanisms driving cardiovascular complications in COVID-19, we performed a case-control plasma proteomics study in COVID-19 patients. Our results identify the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, a marker of biological aging, as the dominant process associated with disease severity and cardiac involvement. FSTL3, an indicator of senescence-promoting Activin/TGFβ signaling, and ADAMTS13, the von Willebrand Factor-cleaving protease whose loss-of-function causes microvascular thrombosis, were among the proteins most strongly associated with myocardial stress and injury. Findings were validated in a larger COVID-19 patient cohort and the hamster COVID-19 model, providing new insights into the pathophysiology of COVID-19 cardiovascular complications with therapeutic implications.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2452-302X
ISSN (online)	2452-302X
DOI	10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.01.013
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