Article ; Online: Genetic variation analyses indicate conserved SARS-CoV-2-host interaction and varied genetic adaptation in immune response factors in modern human evolution.
Development, growth & differentiation
2021 Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 219–227
Abstract: ... in modern human evolution. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 uses highly conserved molecules as its virion interaction ... Since the host immune response and severity of COVID-19 vary among individuals, genetic risk factors for severe ... process of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as our further survey of genetic variants of its related immune ...
| Abstract | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a pandemic as of early 2020. Upon infection, SARS-CoV-2 attaches to its receptor, that is, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), on the surface of host cells and is then internalized into host cells via enzymatic machineries. This subsequently stimulates immune response factors. Since the host immune response and severity of COVID-19 vary among individuals, genetic risk factors for severe COVID-19 cases have been investigated. Our research group recently conducted a survey of genetic variants among SARS-CoV-2-interacting molecules across populations, noting near absence of difference in allele frequency spectrum between populations in these genes. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified genetic risk factors for severe COVID-19 cases in a segment of chromosome 3 that involves six genes encoding three immune-regulatory chemokine receptors and another three molecules. The risk haplotype seemed to be inherited from Neanderthals, suggesting genetic adaptation against pathogens in modern human evolution. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 uses highly conserved molecules as its virion interaction, whereas its immune response appears to be genetically biased in individuals to some extent. We herein review the molecular process of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as our further survey of genetic variants of its related immune effectors. We also discuss aspects of modern human evolution. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Adaptive Immunity/genetics ; Adaptive Immunity/immunology ; Animals ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19/immunology ; Conserved Sequence ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Host Adaptation/genetics ; Host Adaptation/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Sequence Analysis, RNA | |||||
| Language | English | |||||
| Publishing date | 2021-03-21 | |||||
| Publishing country | Japan | |||||
| Document type | Journal Article ; Review | |||||
| ZDB-ID | 280433-5 | |||||
| ISSN | 1440-169X ; 0012-1592 | |||||
| ISSN (online) | 1440-169X | |||||
| ISSN | 0012-1592 | |||||
| DOI | 10.1111/dgd.12717 | |||||
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| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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