Article ; Online: Deconvoluting the T Cell Response to SARS-CoV-2: Specificity Versus Chance and Cognate Cross-Reactivity.
2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 635942
Abstract: ... can clearly discern between cognate T cell memory induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. cross-reactive T cell ... for chance cross-reactivity, and by establishing the antigen dose-response characteristic of the T cells, one ... published so far agree that a T cell response is engaged during SARS-CoV-2 infection, but they also state ...
| Abstract | SARS-CoV-2 infection takes a mild or clinically inapparent course in the majority of humans who contract this virus. After such individuals have cleared the virus, only the detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunological memory can reveal the exposure, and hopefully the establishment of immune protection. With most viral infections, the presence of specific serum antibodies has provided a reliable biomarker for the exposure to the virus of interest. SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, does not reliably induce a durable antibody response, especially in sub-clinically infected individuals. Consequently, it is plausible for a recently infected individual to yield a false negative result within only a few months after exposure. Immunodiagnostic attention has therefore shifted to studies of specific T cell memory to SARS-CoV-2. Most reports published so far agree that a T cell response is engaged during SARS-CoV-2 infection, but they also state that in 20-81% of SARS-CoV-2-unexposed individuals, T cells respond to SARS-CoV-2 antigens (mega peptide pools), allegedly due to T cell cross-reactivity with Common Cold coronaviruses (CCC), or other antigens. Here we show that, by introducing irrelevant mega peptide pools as negative controls to account for chance cross-reactivity, and by establishing the antigen dose-response characteristic of the T cells, one can clearly discern between cognate T cell memory induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. cross-reactive T cell responses in individuals who have not been infected with SARS-CoV-2. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Biomarkers ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/metabolism ; COVID-19/virology ; Cross Reactions/immunology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Humans ; Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology ; Immunologic Memory ; Peptides/immunology ; Protein Binding ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism |
| Chemical Substances | Antigens, Viral ; Biomarkers ; Cytokines ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ; Immunodominant Epitopes ; Peptides ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2021-05-28 |
| Publishing country | Switzerland |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| ZDB-ID | 2606827-8 |
| ISSN | 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224 |
| ISSN (online) | 1664-3224 |
| ISSN | 1664-3224 |
| DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635942 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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