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Article ; Online: Evolution of the early Antarctic ice ages.

Liebrand, Diederik / de Bakker, Anouk T M / Beddow, Helen M / Wilson, Paul A / Bohaty, Steven M / Ruessink, Gerben / Pälike, Heiko / Batenburg, Sietske J / Hilgen, Frederik J / Hodell, David A / Huck, Claire E / Kroon, Dick / Raffi, Isabella / Saes, Mischa J M / van Dijk, Arnold E / Lourens, Lucas J

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2017 Volume 114, Issue 15, Page(s) 3867–3872

Abstract: Understanding the stability of the early Antarctic ice cap in the geological past is of societal ...

Abstract	Understanding the stability of the early Antarctic ice cap in the geological past is of societal interest because present-day atmospheric CO
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1615440114
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Article: First description of epimorphic development in Antarctic Pallenopsidae (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) with insights into the evolution of the four-articled sea spider cheliphore.

Brenneis, Georg / Arango, Claudia P

Zoological letters

2019 Volume 5, Page(s) 4

Abstract: ... substructures, and hypotheses on glacial refugia and recolonization events after the last ice age ... However, knowledge on the life history of many SO pycnogonids is fragmentary, and early ontogenetic stages often ... attaching instars. Finally, we discuss the bearing of pycnogonid cheliphore development on the evolution ...

Abstract	Background: Sea spiders (Pycnogonida) are an abundant faunal element of the Southern Ocean (SO). Several recent phylogeographical studies focused on the remarkably diverse SO pycnogonid fauna, resulting in the identification of new species in previously ill-defined species complexes, insights into their genetic population substructures, and hypotheses on glacial refugia and recolonization events after the last ice age. However, knowledge on the life history of many SO pycnogonids is fragmentary, and early ontogenetic stages often remain poorly documented. This impedes assessing the impact of different developmental pathways on pycnogonid dispersal and distributions and also hinders pycnogonid-wide comparison of developmental features from a phylogenetic-evolutionary angle. Results: Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent nuclear staining, we studied embryonic stages and postembryonic instars of three SO representatives of the taxon Pallenopsidae ( Conclusions: We encourage combination of SEM with fluorescent markers in developmental studies on ethanol-preserved and/or long term-stored pycnogonid material, as this reveals internal differentiation processes in addition to external morphology. Using this approach, we describe the first known cases of pallenopsid development with epimorphic tendencies, which stand in contrast to the small hatching larvae in other Pallenopsidae. Evaluation against current phylogenetic hypotheses indicates multiple gains of epimorphic development within Pycnogonida. Further, we suggest that the type of development may impact pycnogonid distribution ranges, since free-living larvae potentially have a better dispersal capability than lecithotrophic attaching instars. Finally, we discuss the bearing of pycnogonid cheliphore development on the evolution of the raptorial first limb pair in Chelicerata and support a multi-articled adult limb as the plesiomorphic state of the chelicerate crown group, arising ontogenetically via postembryonic segmentation of a three-articled embryonic limb.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2809936-9
ISSN	2056-306X
ISSN	2056-306X
DOI	10.1186/s40851-018-0118-7
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Article ; Online: Onset and Evolution of Southern Annular Mode-Like Changes at Centennial Timescale

P. I. Moreno / I. Vilanova / R. Villa-Martínez / R. B. Dunbar / D. A. Mucciarone / M. R. Kaplan / R. D. Garreaud / M. Rojas / C. M. Moy / R. De Pol-Holz / F. Lambert

Scientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2018 Volume 9

Abstract: ... is known about their behavior since the last ice age and relationships with mid-latitude glacier ... during the Antarctic Cold Reversal, anomalously low intensity during the early Holocene, which was ...

Abstract	Abstract The Southern Westerly Winds (SWW) are the surface expression of geostrophic winds that encircle the southern mid-latitudes. In conjunction with the Southern Ocean, they establish a coupled system that not only controls climate in the southern third of the world, but is also closely connected to the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and CO2 degassing from the deep ocean. Paradoxically, little is known about their behavior since the last ice age and relationships with mid-latitude glacier history and tropical climate variability. Here we present a lake sediment record from Chilean Patagonia (51°S) that reveals fluctuations of the low-level SWW at mid-latitudes, including strong westerlies during the Antarctic Cold Reversal, anomalously low intensity during the early Holocene, which was unfavorable for glacier growth, and strong SWW since ~7.5 ka. We detect nine positive Southern Annular Mode-like events at centennial timescale since ~5.8 ka that alternate with cold/wet intervals favorable for glacier expansions (Neoglaciations) in southern Patagonia. The correspondence of key features of mid-latitude atmospheric circulation with shifts in tropical climate since ~10 ka suggests that coherent climatic shifts in these regions have driven climate change in vast sectors of the Southern Hemisphere at centennial and millennial timescales.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: First description of epimorphic development in Antarctic Pallenopsidae (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) with insights into the evolution of the four-articled sea spider cheliphore

Georg Brenneis / Claudia P. Arango

Zoological Letters, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 24

Abstract: ... substructures, and hypotheses on glacial refugia and recolonization events after the last ice age ... However, knowledge on the life history of many SO pycnogonids is fragmentary, and early ontogenetic stages often ... from a phylogenetic-evolutionary angle. Results Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent nuclear staining ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Sea spiders (Pycnogonida) are an abundant faunal element of the Southern Ocean (SO). Several recent phylogeographical studies focused on the remarkably diverse SO pycnogonid fauna, resulting in the identification of new species in previously ill-defined species complexes, insights into their genetic population substructures, and hypotheses on glacial refugia and recolonization events after the last ice age. However, knowledge on the life history of many SO pycnogonids is fragmentary, and early ontogenetic stages often remain poorly documented. This impedes assessing the impact of different developmental pathways on pycnogonid dispersal and distributions and also hinders pycnogonid-wide comparison of developmental features from a phylogenetic-evolutionary angle. Results Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent nuclear staining, we studied embryonic stages and postembryonic instars of three SO representatives of the taxon Pallenopsidae (Pallenopsis villosa, P. hodgsoni, P. vanhoeffeni), the development of which being largely unknown. The eggs are large and yolk-rich, and the hatching stage is an advanced lecithotrophic instar that stays attached to the father for additional molts. The first free-living instar is deduced to possess at least three functional walking leg pairs. Despite gross morphological similarities between the congeners, each instar can be reliably assigned to a species based on body size, shape of ocular tubercle and proboscis, structure of the attachment gland processes, and seta patterns on cheliphore and walking legs. Conclusions We encourage combination of SEM with fluorescent markers in developmental studies on ethanol-preserved and/or long term-stored pycnogonid material, as this reveals internal differentiation processes in addition to external morphology. Using this approach, we describe the first known cases of pallenopsid development with epimorphic tendencies, which stand in contrast to the small hatching larvae in other Pallenopsidae. Evaluation ...
Keywords	Pallenopsis ; East Antarctica ; Postembryonic development ; Direct development ; Ontogeny ; Morphogenesis ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Ice-dammed lake and ice-margin evolution during the Holocene in the Kangerlussuaq area of west Greenland

Carrivick, Jonathan L / Yde, Jacob C / Knudsen, Niels Tvis / Kronborg, Christian

Arctic, antarctic, and alpine research. 2018 Jan. 1, v. 50, no. 1

2018

Abstract: ... from an ice-marginal delta and/or a proglacial, braided river soon after the early Holocene deglaciation ... Sermia the maximum could have been as early as 245 ± 26 cal. yr BP. Given that ice-marginal lakes are ... There is a lack of detailed information on the Holocene evolution of the west Greenland ice margin ...

Abstract	There is a lack of detailed information on the Holocene evolution of the west Greenland ice margin, not least because it was farther inland than at present and thus at present is covered by ice. Suggestions have been put forward, both of relatively quick ice-margin retreat and of relatively stable ice-margin positions. This study presents the first exploitation of sediments from an ice-dammed basin. Sediment that is rich in organic material records a period of time sufficient for vegetation to thrive; thus, without a lake and with a distal and diminished ice mass relative to the present. In contrast, sediment composed of suspension-settling deposits and with drop stones records an ice-dammed lake and a proximal calving ice-margin. Overall, we evidence relatively coarse-grained glacifluvial sedimentation predominantly from an ice-marginal delta and/or a proglacial, braided river soon after the early Holocene deglaciation of this area. Subsequent mid-Holocene aeolian activity deposited leaves, some vegetation (roots) developed in the basin, and ponding of water formed organic-rich “gyttja” sediments and thin layers of peat. The lake then became ice marginal, and ice advances are interpreted to have occurred at approximately 4000 cal. yr BP, and between 2776 ± 26 cal. yr BP and 2440 ± 45 cal. yr BP. The Little Ice Age ice-margin advance at Russell Glacier apparently reached its maximum extent after 147 ± 39 cal. yr BP, whereas at Isunnguata Sermia the maximum could have been as early as 245 ± 26 cal. yr BP. Given that ice-marginal lakes are becoming globally ubiquitous, improved resolution and new geological data on lake and ice-margin dynamics and interactions, such as ice-dammed lake-basin sediments, will be important for numerical models for assessing past and future ice-mass evolution.
Keywords	Holocene epoch ; basins ; calving ; glaciation ; glaciers ; ice ; lakes ; leaves ; mathematical models ; peat ; rivers ; roots ; sediments ; vegetation ; watersheds ; Greenland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0101
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2045941-5
ISSN	1938-4246 ; 1523-0430
ISSN (online)	1938-4246
ISSN	1523-0430
DOI	10.1080/15230430.2017.1420854
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Ice-dammed lake and ice-margin evolution during the Holocene in the Kangerlussuaq area of west Greenland

Jonathan L. Carrivick / Jacob C. Yde / Niels Tvis Knudsen / Christian Kronborg

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, Vol 50, Iss

2018 Volume 1

Abstract	There is a lack of detailed information on the Holocene evolution of the west Greenland ice margin, not least because it was farther inland than at present and thus at present is covered by ice. Suggestions have been put forward, both of relatively quick ice-margin retreat and of relatively stable ice-margin positions. This study presents the first exploitation of sediments from an ice-dammed basin. Sediment that is rich in organic material records a period of time sufficient for vegetation to thrive; thus, without a lake and with a distal and diminished ice mass relative to the present. In contrast, sediment composed of suspension-settling deposits and with drop stones records an ice-dammed lake and a proximal calving ice-margin. Overall, we evidence relatively coarse-grained glacifluvial sedimentation predominantly from an ice-marginal delta and/or a proglacial, braided river soon after the early Holocene deglaciation of this area. Subsequent mid-Holocene aeolian activity deposited leaves, some vegetation (roots) developed in the basin, and ponding of water formed organic-rich “gyttja” sediments and thin layers of peat. The lake then became ice marginal, and ice advances are interpreted to have occurred at approximately 4000 cal. yr BP, and between 2776 ± 26 cal. yr BP and 2440 ± 45 cal. yr BP. The Little Ice Age ice-margin advance at Russell Glacier apparently reached its maximum extent after 147 ± 39 cal. yr BP, whereas at Isunnguata Sermia the maximum could have been as early as 245 ± 26 cal. yr BP. Given that ice-marginal lakes are becoming globally ubiquitous, improved resolution and new geological data on lake and ice-margin dynamics and interactions, such as ice-dammed lake-basin sediments, will be important for numerical models for assessing past and future ice-mass evolution.
Keywords	arctic ; glacier ; proglacial ; ice sheet ; meltwater ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	550 ; 290
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Early Palaeogene temperature evolution of the southwest Pacific Ocean.

Bijl, Peter K / Schouten, Stefan / Sluijs, Appy / Reichart, Gert-Jan / Zachos, James C / Brinkhuis, Henk

Nature

2009 Volume 461, Issue 7265, Page(s) 776–779

Abstract: ... the first major Antarctic ice sheets had appeared, suggesting that major cooling had taken place ... Relative to the present day, meridional temperature gradients in the Early Eocene age ... 34 degrees C) during the Early Eocene age ( approximately 53 Myr ago) and had gradually decreased ...

Abstract	Relative to the present day, meridional temperature gradients in the Early Eocene age ( approximately 56-53 Myr ago) were unusually low, with slightly warmer equatorial regions but with much warmer subtropical Arctic and mid-latitude climates. By the end of the Eocene epoch ( approximately 34 Myr ago), the first major Antarctic ice sheets had appeared, suggesting that major cooling had taken place. Yet the global transition into this icehouse climate remains poorly constrained, as only a few temperature records are available portraying the Cenozoic climatic evolution of the high southern latitudes. Here we present a uniquely continuous and chronostratigraphically well-calibrated TEX(86) record of sea surface temperature (SST) from an ocean sediment core in the East Tasman Plateau (palaeolatitude approximately 65 degrees S). We show that southwest Pacific SSTs rose above present-day tropical values (to approximately 34 degrees C) during the Early Eocene age ( approximately 53 Myr ago) and had gradually decreased to about 21 degrees C by the early Late Eocene age ( approximately 36 Myr ago). Our results imply that there was almost no latitudinal SST gradient between subequatorial and subpolar regions during the Early Eocene age (55-50 Myr ago). Thereafter, the latitudinal gradient markedly increased. In theory, if Eocene cooling was largely driven by a decrease in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration, additional processes are required to explain the relative stability of tropical SSTs given that there was more significant cooling at higher latitudes.
MeSH term(s)	Antarctic Regions ; Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Geologic Sediments/analysis ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; History, Ancient ; Ice Cover ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Pacific Ocean ; Plankton/metabolism ; Seawater/analysis ; Temperature ; Water Movements
Chemical Substances	Oxygen Isotopes
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-10-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/nature08399
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Zs.A 26: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Zs.MO 244: Show issues

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Article: Tectonomorphic evolution of Marie Byrd Land – Implications for Cenozoic rifting activity and onset of West Antarctic glaciation

Spiegel, Cornelia / Frank Lisker / Gerhard Kuhn / Julia Lindow / Karsten Gohl / Ove Meisel / Peter J.J. Kamp / Samuel Mukasa

Elsevier B.V. Global and planetary change. 2016 Oct., v. 145

2016

Abstract: ... obscured by the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, its evolution is still poorly understood. Here we present ... sedimentary rocks. No evidence was found for un-metamorphosed sedimentary rocks exposed beneath the ice. According ... of coastal Marie Byrd Land are igneous rocks that intruded (presumably early Paleozoic) low-grade meta ...

Abstract	The West Antarctic Rift System is one of the largest continental rifts on Earth. Because it is obscured by the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, its evolution is still poorly understood. Here we present the first low-temperature thermochronology data from eastern Marie Byrd Land, an area that stretches ~1000km along the rift system, in order to shed light on its development. Furthermore, we petrographically analysed glacially transported detritus deposited in the marine realm, offshore Marie Byrd Land, to augment the data available from the limited terrestrial exposures. Our data provide information about the subglacial geology, and the tectonic and morphologic history of the rift system. Dominant lithologies of coastal Marie Byrd Land are igneous rocks that intruded (presumably early Paleozoic) low-grade meta-sedimentary rocks. No evidence was found for un-metamorphosed sedimentary rocks exposed beneath the ice. According to the thermochronology data, rifting occurred in two episodes. The earlier occurred between ~100 and 60Ma and led to widespread tectonic denudation and block faulting over large areas of Marie Byrd Land. The later episode started during the Early Oligocene and was confined to western Pine Island Bay area. This Oligocene tectonic activity may be linked kinematically to previously described rift structures reaching into Bellingshausen Sea and beneath Pine Island Glacier, all assumed to be of Cenozoic age. However, our data provide the first direct evidence for Cenozoic tectonic activity along the rift system outside the Ross Sea area. Furthermore, we tentatively suggest that uplift of the Marie Byrd Land dome only started at ~20Ma; that is, nearly 10Ma later than previously assumed. The Marie Byrd Land dome is the only extensive part of continental West Antarctica elevated above sea level. Since the formation of a continental ice sheet requires a significant area of emergent land, our data, although only based on few samples, imply that extensive glaciation of this part of West Antarctica may have only started since the early Miocene.
Keywords	glaciation ; glaciers ; ice ; igneous rocks ; sedimentary rocks ; tectonics ; Antarctic region ; Antarctica
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-10
Size	p. 98-115.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2016967-X
ISSN	0921-8181
ISSN	0921-8181
DOI	10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.08.013
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Tectonomorphic evolution of Marie Byrd Land – Implications for Cenozoic rifting activity and onset of West Antarctic glaciation

Spiegel, Cornelia / Lindow, Julia / Kamp, Peter J.J. / Meisel, Ove / Mukasa, Samuel / Lisker, Frank / Kuhn, Gerhard / Gohl, Karsten

2016

Abstract: ... Because it is obscured by the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, its evolution is still poorly understood. Here ... sedimentary rocks. No evidence was found for un-metamorphosed sedimentary rocks exposed beneath the ice. According ... of coastal Marie Byrd Land are igneous rocks that intruded (presumably early Paleozoic) low-grade meta ...

Abstract	Highlights • First fission track and (U-Th-Sm)/He data from eastern Marie Byrd Land • First direct dating of Cenozoic WARS activity outside the Ross Sea area • Structural model kinematically linking areas of extended crust within the WARS • Data on paleotopographic evolution providing boundary conditions for glaciation Abstract The West Antarctic Rift System is one of the largest continental rifts on Earth. Because it is obscured by the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, its evolution is still poorly understood. Here we present the first low-temperature thermochronology data from eastern Marie Byrd Land, an area that stretches ~ 1000 km along the rift system, in order to shed light on its development. Furthermore, we petrographically analysed glacially transported detritus deposited in the marine realm, offshore Marie Byrd Land, to augment the data available from the limited terrestrial exposures. Our data provide information about the subglacial geology, and the tectonic and morphologic history of the rift system. Dominant lithologies of coastal Marie Byrd Land are igneous rocks that intruded (presumably early Paleozoic) low-grade meta-sedimentary rocks. No evidence was found for un-metamorphosed sedimentary rocks exposed beneath the ice. According to the thermochronology data, rifting occurred in two episodes. The earlier occurred between ~ 100 and 60 Ma and led to widespread tectonic denudation and block faulting over large areas of Marie Byrd Land. The later episode started during the Early Oligocene and was confined to western Pine Island Bay area. This Oligocene tectonic activity may be linked kinematically to previously described rift structures reaching into Bellingshausen Sea and beneath Pine Island Glacier, all assumed to be of Cenozoic age. However, our data provide the first direct evidence for Cenozoic tectonic activity along the rift system outside the Ross Sea area. Furthermore, we tentatively suggest that uplift of the Marie Byrd Land dome only started at ~ 20 Ma; that is, nearly 10 Ma later than ...
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Sea surface temperture reconstruction for ODP Site 189-1172, supplementary data to: Bijl, Peter K; Schouten, Stefan; Sluijs, Appy; Reichart, Gerd-Jan; Zachos, James C; Brinkhuis, Henk (2009): Early Palaeogene temperature evolution of the southwest Pacific Ocean. Nature, 461, 776-779

Bijl, Peter K / Brinkhuis, Henk / Reichart, Gerd-Jan / Schouten, Stefan / Sluijs, Appy / Zachos, James C

2009

Abstract: ... 34 Myr ago), the first major Antarctic ice sheets had appeared (Zachos et al., 1992, doi:10.1130/0091 ... Relative to the present day, meridional temperature gradients in the Early Eocene age (~56-53?Myr ... values (to ~34? C) during the Early Eocene age (~53 Myr ago) and had gradually decreased to about 21? C ...

Abstract	Relative to the present day, meridional temperature gradients in the Early Eocene age (~56-53?Myr ago) were unusually low, with slightly warmer equatorial regions (Pearson et al., 2007, doi:10.1130/G23175A.1 ) but with much warmer subtropical Arctic (Sluijs et al., 2008, doi:10.1029/2007PA001495) and mid-latitude (Sluijs et al., 2007, doi:10.1038/nature06400) climates. By the end of the Eocene epoch (~34 Myr ago), the first major Antarctic ice sheets had appeared (Zachos et al., 1992, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0569:EOISEO>2.3.CO;2; Barker et al., 2007, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.07.027), suggesting that major cooling had taken place. Yet the global transition into this icehouse climate remains poorly constrained, as only a few temperature records are available portraying the Cenozoic climatic evolution of the high southern latitudes. Here we present a uniquely continuous and chronostratigraphically well-calibrated TEX86 record of sea surface temperature (SST) from an ocean sediment core in the East Tasman Plateau (palaeolatitude ~65? S). We show that southwest Pacific SSTs rose above present-day tropical values (to ~34? C) during the Early Eocene age (~53 Myr ago) and had gradually decreased to about 21? C by the early Late Eocene age (~36 Myr ago). Our results imply that there was almost no latitudinal SST gradient between subequatorial and subpolar regions during the Early Eocene age (55-50?Myr ago). Thereafter, the latitudinal gradient markedly increased. In theory, if Eocene cooling was largely driven by a decrease in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration Zachos et al. (2008, doi:10.1038/nature06588), additional processes are required to explain the relative stability of tropical SSTs given that there was more significant cooling at higher latitudes.
Language	English
Dates of publication	2009-9999
Size	Online-Ressource
Publisher	PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
Publishing place	Bremen/Bremerhaven
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	This dataset is supplement to doi:10.1038/nature08399
DOI	10.1594/PANGAEA.769678
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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