Article ; Online: Understanding the age divide in COVID-19: why are children overwhelmingly spared?
American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology
2020 Volume 319, Issue 1, Page(s) L39–L44
Abstract: ... are relatively spared. Understanding the age-based differences in pathophysiological pathways and ... The rapid emergence and subsequent global dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) has ... resulted in over 4 million cases worldwide. The disease has a marked predilection for adults, and children ...
| Abstract | The rapid emergence and subsequent global dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) has resulted in over 4 million cases worldwide. The disease has a marked predilection for adults, and children are relatively spared. Understanding the age-based differences in pathophysiological pathways and processes relevant to the onset and progression of disease both in the clinical course and in experimental disease models may hold the key to the identification of therapeutic targets. The differences in the clinical course are highlighted by the lack of progression of the SARS-CoV-2 infection beyond mild symptoms in a majority of children, whereas in adults the disease progresses to acute lung injury and an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-like phenotype with high mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to decreased lung injury in children may involve the decreased expression of the mediators necessary for viral entry into the respiratory epithelium and differences in the immune system responses in children. Specifically, decreased expression of proteins, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ( |
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| MeSH term(s) | Adult ; Age Distribution ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Cytokines/blood ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/immunology ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism |
| Chemical Substances | Cytokines ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; TMPRSS2 protein, human (EC 3.4.21.-) |
| Keywords | covid19 |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2020-06-03 |
| Publishing country | United States |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
| ZDB-ID | 1013184-x |
| ISSN | 1522-1504 ; 1040-0605 |
| ISSN (online) | 1522-1504 |
| ISSN | 1040-0605 |
| DOI | 10.1152/ajplung.00183.2020 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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