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Article ; Online: Antibody Profiles in Mild and Severe Cases of COVID-19.

Liu, Zhi-Li / Liu, Yang / Wan, La-Gen / Xiang, Tian-Xin / Le, Ai-Ping / Liu, Peng / Peiris, Malik / Poon, Leo L M / Zhang, Wei

Clinical chemistry

2020 Volume 66, Issue 8, Page(s) 1102–1104

MeSH term(s)	Antibody Formation ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80102-1
ISSN	1530-8561 ; 0009-9147
ISSN (online)	1530-8561
ISSN	0009-9147
DOI	10.1093/clinchem/hvaa137
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Article: Antibody Profiles in Mild and Severe Cases of COVID-19

Liu, Zhi-Li / Liu, Yang / Wan, La-Gen / Xiang, Tian-Xin / Le, Ai-Ping / Liu, Peng / Peiris, Malik / Poon, Leo L M / Zhang, Wei

Clin Chem

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #592499
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Antibody Profiles in Mild and Severe Cases of COVID-19

Liu, Zhi-Li / Liu, Yang / Wan, La-Gen / Xiang, Tian-Xin / Le, Ai-Ping / Liu, Peng / Peiris, Malik / Poon, Leo L M / Zhang, Wei

Clinical Chemistry

2020 Volume 66, Issue 8, Page(s) 1102–1104

Keywords	Clinical Biochemistry ; Biochemistry, medical ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Oxford University Press (OUP)
Publishing country	uk
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	80102-1
ISSN	1530-8561 ; 0009-9147
ISSN (online)	1530-8561
ISSN	0009-9147
DOI	10.1093/clinchem/hvaa137
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Article: COVID-19 Antibody Response in Patients with Thalassemia.

Kumari, Nidhi / Gomber, Sunil / Dewan, Pooja / Narang, Shiva / Ahmed, Rafat

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 6, Page(s) e40567

Abstract: ... comparative analysis of antibody levels and clinical profile of COVID-19 in cases and controls ... samples from the cases and controls were collected after 6, 12, and 24 weeks of COVID-19 infection for IgG ... comorbidities. Conclusion Patients with TDT manifest with mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 and mount a comparable ...

Abstract	Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can severely affect people with comorbidities such as those with diabetes, hypertension, chronic lung disease, cancer, and hemoglobinopathies. Studies assessing the clinical characteristics and immune response to COVID-19 infection in patients with thalassemia are limited. Objectives The primary objective of the study was to study the clinical pattern and the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) compared to patients without thalassemia. The secondary objective wasto study the relationship of COVID-19 severity with IgG antibody titers. Setting, Design, and Participants This case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital between January 2021 and August 2022. A total of 30 patients with TDT (mean age: 12.7 years, SD: 4.7) and 30 patients without thalassemia (mean age: 13.9 years, SD: 7) who tested positive for COVID-19 in the preceding six weeks were recruited. Methods Serum samples from the cases and controls were collected after 6, 12, and 24 weeks of COVID-19 infection for IgG antibody estimation using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Outcome variables The primary variable was comparative analysis of antibody levels and clinical profile of COVID-19 in cases and controls. The secondaryvariable was association of the severity of COVID-19 with the antibody titers produced. Results Symptomatic individuals among cases (n=12) were significantly lesser than controls (n=22) (p=0.009). The median IgG titers of cases and controls were comparable at six weeks (p=0.40), but the titers were significantly lower for cases at 12 weeks (p=0.011) and 24 weeks (p=0.006). There was significant fall in titers from 6 to 12 and 24 weeks in both the groups. The titers were not affected by COVID-19 severity and pre-existing comorbidities. Conclusion Patients with TDT manifest with mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 and mount a comparable IgG antibody response to COVID-19 akin to controls. However, this serological response could not sustain over three to six months advocating the need for protection through vaccination.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.40567
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Article ; Online: Antibody Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid Proteins in Patients with Different COVID-19 Clinical Profiles.

Soares, Sinei Ramos / da Silva Torres, Maria Karoliny / Lima, Sandra Souza / de Sarges, Kevin Matheus Lima / Santos, Erika Ferreira Dos / de Brito, Mioni Thieli Figueiredo Magalhães / da Silva, Andréa Luciana Soares / de Meira Leite, Mauro / da Costa, Flávia Póvoa / Cantanhede, Marcos Henrique Damasceno / da Silva, Rosilene / de Oliveira Lameira Veríssimo, Adriana / Vallinoto, Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres / Feitosa, Rosimar Neris Martins / Quaresma, Juarez Antônio Simões / Chaves, Tânia do Socorro Souza / Viana, Giselle Maria Rachid / Falcão, Luiz Fábio Magno / Santos, Eduardo José Melo Dos /

Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário / da Silva, Andréa Nazaré Monteiro Rangel

Viruses

2023 Volume 15, Issue 4

Abstract: ... responses to the S1, S2 and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in different COVID-19 clinical profiles. This study enrolled 136 ... The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe ... individuals who were diagnosed with or without COVID-19 based on clinical findings and laboratory results and ...

Abstract	The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in Brazil was diagnosed on February 26, 2020. Due to the important epidemiological impact of COVID-19, the present study aimed to analyze the specificity of IgG antibody responses to the S1, S2 and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in different COVID-19 clinical profiles. This study enrolled 136 individuals who were diagnosed with or without COVID-19 based on clinical findings and laboratory results and classified as asymptomatic or as having mild, moderate or severe disease. Data collection was performed through a semistructured questionnaire to obtain demographic information and main clinical manifestations. IgG antibody responses to the S1 and S2 subunits of the spike (S) protein and the nucleocapsid (N) protein were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The results showed that among the participants, 87.5% (119/136) exhibited IgG responses to the S1 subunit and 88.25% (120/136) to N. Conversely, only 14.44% of the subjects (21/136) displayed S2 subunit responses. When analyzing the IgG antibody response while considering the different proteins of the virus, patients with severe disease had significantly higher antibody responses to N and S1 than asymptomatic individuals (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antibody Formation ; COVID-19 ; Immunoglobulin G ; Nucleocapsid Proteins ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin G ; Nucleocapsid Proteins ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15040898
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Article: Comparative Longitudinal Serological Study of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Profiles in People with COVID-19.

Barrios, Marilou H / Nicholson, Suellen / Bull, Rowena A / Martinello, Marianne / Rawlinson, William / Mina, Michael / Post, Jeffrey J / Hudson, Bernard / Gilroy, Nicole / Lloyd, Andrew R / Konecny, Pamela / Mordant, Francesca / Catton, Mike / Subbarao, Kanta / Caly, Leon / Druce, Julian / Netter, Hans J

Microorganisms

2023 Volume 11, Issue 8

Abstract: ... compared the antibody profiles of people with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 using a dot blot assay ... infections and clinical COVID-19, 35/63 participants exhibited diverse and robust responses against ... significant serological variability among patients, regardless of the severity of their COVID-19 illness ...

Abstract	Serological diagnostic assays are essential tools for determining an individual's protection against viruses like SARS-CoV-2, tracking the spread of the virus in the community, and evaluating population immunity. To assess the diversity and quality of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, we have compared the antibody profiles of people with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 using a dot blot assay. The test targeted the four major structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2, namely the nucleocapsid (N), spike (S) protein domains S1 and S2, and receptor-binding domain (RBD). Serum samples were collected from 63 participants at various time points for up to 300 days after disease onset. The dot blot assay revealed patient-specific differences in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody profiles. Out of the 63 participants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and clinical COVID-19, 35/63 participants exhibited diverse and robust responses against the tested antigens, while 14/63 participants displayed either limited responses to a subset of antigens or no detectable antibody response to any of the antigens. Anti-N-specific antibody levels decreased within 300 days after disease onset, whereas anti-S-specific antibodies persisted. The dynamics of the antibody response did not change during the test period, indicating stable antibody profiles. Among the participants, 28/63 patients with restricted anti-S antibody profiles or undetectable anti-S antibody levels in the dot blot assay also exhibited weak neutralization activity, as measured by a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and a microneutralization test. These results indicate that in some cases, natural infections do not lead to the production of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, the study revealed significant serological variability among patients, regardless of the severity of their COVID-19 illness. These differences need to be carefully considered when evaluating the protective antibody status of individuals who have experienced primary SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms11081985
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Article ; Online: Efficacy of Antibody Cocktail Drug in COVID-19 Positive Patients

Manoranjan Dash / Nursingha Charan Dash / Arun Kumar / Smrutirekha Swain / Swetaleena Ashe / Jyoti Patnaik

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, Vol 17, Iss 2, Pp OC05-OC

A Retrospective Single-centered Study

2023 Volume 09

Abstract: ... for the treatment of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients with mild to moderate diseases and to prevent ... casirivimab and imdevimab at COVID-19 facility. Monitoring of patients was done upto 12 hour postinfusion ... of 5% and results expressed at confidence levels of 95%. Results: Total 104 eligible cases were taken ...

Abstract	Introduction: Neutralising monoclonal antibodies (mABs) have been proposed and developed for the treatment of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients with mild to moderate diseases and to prevent further progression. The combination of Casirivimab and Imdevimab blocks the entry of virus into cells by attaching to receptor binding domain of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein. The mABs are utilised as a pre-emptive strategy in certain high-risk groups such as those suffering from chronic liver, kidney and respiratory disease, malignancies and other immunocompromised states where efficacy of vaccines may be suboptimal. Aim: To evaluate the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients who were treated with Antibody Cocktail drug (casirivimab and imdevimab). Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in patients confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 from June 2021 to January 2022 and subsequently, the collected data was analysed from May 2022 to June 2022. The study was conducted in a tertiary care referral hospital in eastern India. All eligible patient subsequently received casirivimab and imdevimab at COVID-19 facility. Monitoring of patients was done upto 12 hour postinfusion. Demographic parameters, routine investigations and clinical outcomes were assessed. Data entry was done using Microsoft Excel. Data was entered, coded and analysed using International Business Machines (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. All analysis was done at a preset alpha error of 5% and results expressed at confidence levels of 95%. Results: Total 104 eligible cases were taken in present study. Nearly, 93% of those patients who had not been vaccinated were at higher risk for having severely elevated levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) as compared to 48% of those with COVID-19 vaccination. Nearly, 9 out of 10 patients with moderate-severe CRP levels were at nine times more risk for longer duration of hospitalisation as compared to ...
Keywords	casirivimab ; clinical profile ; imdevimab ; monoclonal antibodies ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Antibody Profiling in COVID-19 Patients with Different Severities by Using Spike Variant Protein Microarrays.

Su, Wen-Yu / Du, Pin-Xian / Santos, Harvey M / Ho, Tzong-Shiann / Keskin, Batuhan Birol / Pau, Chi Ho / Yang, An-Ming / Chou, Yi-Yu / Shih, Hsi-Chang / Syu, Guan-Da

Analytical chemistry

2022 Volume 94, Issue 17, Page(s) 6529–6539

Abstract: ... IgG against nonstructural protein 3 was elevated in severe but not in mild/moderate and critical cases ... The disease progression of COVID-19 varies from mild to severe, even death. However, the link ... we collected the serums from healthy subjects and COVID-19 patients with different severities and profile ...

Abstract	The disease progression of COVID-19 varies from mild to severe, even death. However, the link between COVID-19 severities and humoral immune specificities is not clear. Here, we developed a multiplexed spike variant protein microarray (SVPM) and utilized it for quantifying neutralizing activity, drug screening, and profiling humoral immunity. First, we demonstrated the competition between antispike antibody and ACE2 on SVPM for measuring the neutralizing activity against multiple spike variants. Next, we collected the serums from healthy subjects and COVID-19 patients with different severities and profile the neutralizing activity as well as antibody isotypes. We identified the inhibition of ACE2 binding was stronger against multiple variants in severe compared to mild/moderate or critical patients. Moreover, the serum IgG against nonstructural protein 3 was elevated in severe but not in mild/moderate and critical cases. Finally, we evaluated two ACE2 inhibitors, Ramipril and Perindopril, and found the dose-dependent inhibition of ACE2 binding to all the spike variants except for B.1.617.3. Together, the SVPM and the assay procedures provide a tool for profiling neutralizing antibodies, antibody isotypes, and reagent specificities.
MeSH term(s)	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Isotypes ; Protein Array Analysis
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Immunoglobulin Isotypes ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1508-8
ISSN	1520-6882 ; 0003-2700
ISSN (online)	1520-6882
ISSN	0003-2700
DOI	10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05567
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Article ; Online: Comprehensive characterization of the antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein finds additional vaccine-induced epitopes beyond those for mild infection.

Garrett, Meghan E / Galloway, Jared G / Wolf, Caitlin / Logue, Jennifer K / Franko, Nicholas / Chu, Helen Y / Matsen, Frederick A / Overbaugh, Julie M

eLife

2022 Volume 11

Abstract: Background: Control of the COVID-19 pandemic will rely on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited antibodies ... with diverse infection and vaccination history were profiled using Phage-DMS. Principal component analysis was ... to both infection and vaccination, the escape profile after infection was not altered by subsequent vaccination ...

Abstract	Background: Control of the COVID-19 pandemic will rely on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited antibodies to protect against emerging and future variants; an understanding of the unique features of the humoral responses to infection and vaccination, including different vaccine platforms, is needed to achieve this goal. Methods: The epitopes and pathways of escape for Spike-specific antibodies in individuals with diverse infection and vaccination history were profiled using Phage-DMS. Principal component analysis was performed to identify regions of antibody binding along the Spike protein that differentiate the samples from one another. Within these epitope regions, we determined potential sites of escape by comparing antibody binding of peptides containing wild-type residues versus peptides containing a mutant residue. Results: Individuals with mild infection had antibodies that bound to epitopes in the S2 subunit within the fusion peptide and heptad-repeat regions, whereas vaccinated individuals had antibodies that additionally bound to epitopes in the N- and C-terminal domains of the S1 subunit, a pattern that was also observed in individuals with severe disease due to infection. Epitope binding appeared to change over time after vaccination, but other covariates such as mRNA vaccine dose, mRNA vaccine type, and age did not affect antibody binding to these epitopes. Vaccination induced a relatively uniform escape profile across individuals for some epitopes, whereas there was much more variation in escape pathways in mildly infected individuals. In the case of antibodies targeting the fusion peptide region, which was a common response to both infection and vaccination, the escape profile after infection was not altered by subsequent vaccination. Conclusions: The finding that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination resulted in binding to additional epitopes beyond what was seen after infection suggests that protection could vary depending on the route of exposure to Spike antigen. The relatively conserved escape pathways to vaccine-induced antibodies relative to infection-induced antibodies suggests that if escape variants emerge they may be readily selected for across vaccinated individuals. Given that the majority of people will be first exposed to Spike via vaccination and not infection, this work has implications for predicting the selection of immune escape variants at a population level. Funding: This work was supported by NIH grants AI138709 (PI JMO) and AI146028 (PI FAM). JMO received support as the Endowed Chair for Graduate Education (FHCRC). The research of FAM was supported in part by a Faculty Scholar grant from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Simons Foundation. Scientific Computing Infrastructure at Fred Hutch was funded by ORIP grant S10OD028685.
MeSH term(s)	Antigenic Drift and Shift ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Epitopes ; Humans ; Mass Vaccination ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Epitopes ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.73490
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Article ; Online: Longitudinal Profiling of Antibody Response in Patients With COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Beijing, China.

Feng, Xia / Yin, Jiming / Zhang, Jiaying / Hu, Yaling / Ouyang, Yabo / Qiao, Shubin / Zhao, Hong / Zhang, Tong / Li, Xuemei / Zhang, Lili / Zhang, Jie / Jin, Ronghua / Feng, Yingmei / Su, Bin

Frontiers in immunology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 614436

Abstract: ... of inflammatory cells and C-reactive protein levels. Within the mild/moderate cases, pairwise comparison indicated ... irrespective of sex. Severe cases were found to have higher levels of antibody response, larger numbers ... Furthermore, the majority of cases could achieve IgM and IgG seroconversion at 2 weeks since the disease onset ...

Abstract	The novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which elicits a wide variety of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe, with the potential to lead to death. Although used as the standard method to screen patients for SARS-CoV-2 infection, real-time PCR has challenges in dealing with asymptomatic patients and those with an undetectable viral load. Serological tests are therefore considered potent diagnostic tools to complement real-time PCR-based diagnosis and are used for surveillance of seroprevalence in populations. However, the dynamics of the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 currently remain to be investigated. Here, through analysis of plasma samples from 84 patients with COVID-19, we observed that the response of virus-specific antibodies against three important antigens, RBD, N and S, dynamically changed over time and reached a peak 5-8 weeks after the onset of symptoms. The antibody responses were irrespective of sex. Severe cases were found to have higher levels of antibody response, larger numbers of inflammatory cells and C-reactive protein levels. Within the mild/moderate cases, pairwise comparison indicated moderate association between anti-RBD vs. anti-N, anti-RBD vs. anti-S1S2, and anti-N vs. anti-S1S2. Furthermore, the majority of cases could achieve IgM and IgG seroconversion at 2 weeks since the disease onset. Analysis of neutralizing antibodies indicated that these responses were able to last for more than 112 days but decline significantly after the peak. In summary, our findings demonstrate the longitudinally dynamic changes in antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2, which can contribute to the knowledge of humoral immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and are informative for future development of vaccine and antibody-based therapies.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Beijing ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/pathology ; China ; Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphoproteins/immunology ; Protein Domains/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Seroconversion ; Severity of Illness Index ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; Tertiary Care Centers
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Phosphoproteins ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, SARS-CoV-2 ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2021.614436
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