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Article ; Online: Hydroxychloroquine use during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020.

Mack, Heather G

2020 Volume 49

Abstract: ... for the prophylaxis or treatment of COVID-19 infection. ... At present, there are no studies demonstrating the clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine ...

Abstract	At present, there are no studies demonstrating the clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for the prophylaxis or treatment of COVID-19 infection.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-14
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2924889-9
ISSN	2208-7958 ; 2208-794X
ISSN (online)	2208-7958
ISSN	2208-794X
DOI	10.31128/AJGP-COVID-08
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Article: Hydroxychloroquine use during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020

Mack, Heather G

Aust. J. Gen. Pract

Abstract: ... for the prophylaxis or treatment of COVID-19 infection. ... At present, there are no studies demonstrating the clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine ...

Abstract	At present, there are no studies demonstrating the clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for the prophylaxis or treatment of COVID-19 infection.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32294807
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Bias in observational studies on the effectiveness of in hospital use of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19.

Hempenius, Mirjam / Bots, Sophie H / Groenwold, Rolf H H / de Boer, Anthonius / Klungel, Olaf H / Gardarsdottir, Helga

Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety

2023 Volume 32, Issue 9, Page(s) 1001–1011

Abstract: ... for observational studies on the effectiveness of in-hospital use of HCQ in COVID-19 patients, published between 01 ... Synthesis of evidence of effectiveness of HCQ in COVID-19 should focus on RCTs and carefully consider ... Purpose: During the first waves of the coronavirus pandemic, evidence on potential effective ...

Abstract	Purpose: During the first waves of the coronavirus pandemic, evidence on potential effective treatments was urgently needed. Results from observational studies on the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were conflicting, potentially due to biases. We aimed to assess the quality of observational studies on HCQ and its relation to effect sizes. Methods: PubMed was searched on 15 March 2021 for observational studies on the effectiveness of in-hospital use of HCQ in COVID-19 patients, published between 01/01/2020 and 01/03/2021 on. Study quality was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. Association between study quality and study characteristics (journal ranking, publication date, and time between submission and publication) and differences between effects sizes found in observational studies compared to those found in RCTs, were assessed using Spearman's correlation. Results: Eighteen of the 33 (55%) included observational studies were scored as critical risk of bias, eleven (33%) as serious risk and only four (12%) as moderate risk of bias. Biases were most often scored as critical in the domains related to selection of participants (n = 13, 39%) and bias due to confounding (n = 8, 24%). There were no significant associations found between the study quality and the characteristics nor between the study quality and the effect estimates. Discussion: Overall, the quality of observational HCQ studies was heterogeneous. Synthesis of evidence of effectiveness of HCQ in COVID-19 should focus on RCTs and carefully consider the added value and quality of observational evidence.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bias ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome ; Observational Studies as Topic
Chemical Substances	Hydroxychloroquine (4QWG6N8QKH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1099748-9
ISSN	1099-1557 ; 1053-8569
ISSN (online)	1099-1557
ISSN	1053-8569
DOI	10.1002/pds.5632
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Article ; Online: Incident Use of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Mercadé-Besora, Núria / Guo, Yuchen / Du, Mike / Li, Xintong / Ramírez-Anguita, Juan Manuel / Moreno, Alberto / Valente, António / Villalobos, Felipe / Cheng, Iek Leng / Carrasco-Ribelles, Lucía A / van Swieten, Maaike M H / Merkelbach, Manon / Magoya, Mary / Lasalvia, Paolo / Pericàs-Pulido, Pau / Berg, Paul / Bosco-Lévy, Pauline / Lillini, Roberto / Ribeiro, Rogerio /

Bagga, Trinamjot Kaur / Ramella, Vittoria / Khalid, Sara / Mayer, Miguel Angel / Leis, Angela / Jödicke, Annika M / Burn, Edward / Prieto-Alhambra, Daniel / Català, Martí / Prats-Uribe, Albert

Arthritis care & research

2024

Abstract: Objective: We studied whether the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for COVID-19 resulted in supply ... period for COVID-19 treatment.: Conclusion: Use of HCQ increased dramatically ... to prepandemic rates after the first wave, use of HCQ remained high and followed waves of COVID-19 ...

Abstract	Objective: We studied whether the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for COVID-19 resulted in supply shortages for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: We used US claims data (IQVIA PHARMETRICS® Plus for Academics [PHARMETRICS]) and hospital electronic records from Spain (Institut Municipal d'Assistència Sanitària Information System [IMASIS]) to estimate monthly rates of HCQ use between January 2019 and March 2022, in the general population and in patients with RA and SLE. Methotrexate (MTX) use was estimated as a control. Results: More than 13.5 million individuals (13,311,811 PHARMETRICS, 207,646 IMASIS) were included in the general population cohort. RA and SLE cohorts enrolled 135,259 and 39,295 patients, respectively, in PHARMETRICS. Incidence of MTX and HCQ were stable before March 2020. On March 2020, the incidence of HCQ increased by 9- and 67-fold in PHARMETRICS and IMASIS, respectively, and decreased in May 2020. Usage rates of HCQ went back to prepandemic trends in Spain but remained high in the United States, mimicking waves of COVID-19. No significant changes in HCQ use were noted among patients with RA and SLE. MTX use rates decreased during HCQ approval period for COVID-19 treatment. Conclusion: Use of HCQ increased dramatically in the general population in both Spain and the United States during March and April 2020. Whereas Spain returned to prepandemic rates after the first wave, use of HCQ remained high and followed waves of COVID-19 in the United States. However, we found no evidence of general shortages in the use of HCQ for both RA and SLE in the United States.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	645059-3
ISSN	2151-4658 ; 0893-7524 ; 2151-464X
ISSN (online)	2151-4658
ISSN	0893-7524 ; 2151-464X
DOI	10.1002/acr.25331
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Article ; Online: Hydroxychloroquine in dermatology and beyond

Kabir Sardana / Surabhi Sinha / Soumya Sachdeva

Indian Dermatology Online Journal, Vol 11, Iss 3, Pp 453-

Recent update

2020 Volume 464

Abstract: ... worldwide during the ongoing coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Like its immunomodulatory ... Hydroxychloroquine is one of the most frequently used drugs in dermatology with a wide variety ... drug interactions, side effects, and its use in special populations is described. ...

Abstract	Hydroxychloroquine is one of the most frequently used drugs in dermatology with a wide variety of uses due to its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, photoprotective, and metabolic actions and low side effect profile. Demonstration of its antiviral action in vitro has led to renewed interest by physicians worldwide during the ongoing coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Like its immunomodulatory action, its antiviral activity is also due to its ability to alkalinize the intracytoplasmic milieu, leading to disordered viral entry/fusion and deranged viral protein synthesis. However, randomized controlled trials are the need of the hour to conclusively determine its clinical efficacy in such infections. A review of the multitude of mechanisms of action, updated screening and monitoring guidelines, drug interactions, side effects, and its use in special populations is described.
Keywords	arrhythmias ; cardiotoxicity ; covid-19 ; dermatology ; hydroxychloroquine ; lupus ; mechanism ; retinopathy ; side effects ; uses ; RL1-803 ; covid19
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Does Widespread Use of Hydroxychloroquine Reduce the Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19? An Ecological Correlational Study.

Souza Neves, Fabricio

Infectious disorders drug targets

2023

Abstract: Background: At the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, hydroxychloroquine ... in 2020 were assessed, before the start of COVID-19 vaccination. The daily values of the COVID-19 ... Furthermore, the mean derivative of Rt during the declining period of the COVID-19 incidence (the mean rate ...

Abstract	Background: At the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was widely used as a possible antiviral agent. Current knowledge indicates that HCQ has little or no effect on individual clinical outcomes of COVID-19, but populational effects on disease transmissibility are still unknown. Objective: This study investigates the hypothesis that massive HCQ consumption by a population may contribute to reducing the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 spread by reducing the viral load of infected individuals. Methods: Public database of seven states from Brazil in 2020 were assessed, before the start of COVID-19 vaccination. The daily values of the COVID-19 effective reproduction number (Rt) were obtained. Associations between Rt values and the proposed predictor variables (prevalence of COVID-19 as a marker of collective immunity; social isolation indices; consumption of HCQ) were tested using multiple linear regression analysis. Results: In all seven states, consumption of HCQ was a significant negative predictor of Rt (β ranged from -0.295 to -0.502, p = 0.001). Furthermore, the mean derivative of Rt during the declining period of the COVID-19 incidence (the mean rate of variation) was also significantly negatively related to the mean HCQ consumption in that period (R2 = 0.895; β = -0.783; p = 0.011), meaning that the higher the HCQ consumption, the faster the decline of COVID-19 Rt. It suggests a dose-response phenomenon and a causal relationship in this association. Conclusion: The results of this study are compatible with the hypothesis that HCQ has small but significant in vivo antiviral effects that are able to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility at the populational level.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-22
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2234298-9
ISSN	2212-3989 ; 1871-5265
ISSN (online)	2212-3989
ISSN	1871-5265
DOI	10.2174/1871526523666230522114836
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Article ; Online: Hydroxychloroquine shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mendel, Arielle / Bernatsky, Sasha / Thorne, J Carter / Lacaille, Diane / Johnson, Sindhu R / Vinet, Évelyne

Annals of the rheumatic diseases

2020 Volume 80, Issue 3, Page(s) e31

MeSH term(s)	Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Antirheumatic Agents ; Hydroxychloroquine (4QWG6N8QKH)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	7090-7
ISSN	1468-2060 ; 0003-4967
ISSN (online)	1468-2060
ISSN	0003-4967
DOI	10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217835
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Article ; Online: Progress in the risk assessment of hydroxychloroquine in frail elderly people.

Castagna, Alberto / Ruotolo, Giovanni / Manzo, Ciro

Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W))

2020 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 53–57

Abstract: ... because of its mechanism of action and the potential use it could have during the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, HCQ ... can cause QT interval prolongation. The current therapies used in COVID-19 are changing as the pandemic ... in multidimensional assessment of COVID-19 patients, especially in elderly and polypathological patients. ...

Abstract	Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial drug also known to have anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. The antiviral action of HCQ has been a point of interest for many researchers because of its mechanism of action and the potential use it could have during the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, HCQ can cause QT interval prolongation. The current therapies used in COVID-19 are changing as the pandemic develops. The aim of this article is to promote a validated risk score for QT prolongation in multidimensional assessment of COVID-19 patients, especially in elderly and polypathological patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-25
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2475-0360
ISSN (online)	2475-0360
DOI	10.1002/agm2.12140
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Article: Hydroxychloroquine in Dermatology and Beyond: Recent Update

Sardana, Kabir / Sinha, Surabhi / Sachdeva, Soumya

Indian dermatology online journal

Abstract: ... worldwide during the ongoing coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Like its immunomodulatory ... Hydroxychloroquine is one of the most frequently used drugs in dermatology with a wide variety ... drug interactions, side effects, and its use in special populations is described ...

Abstract	Hydroxychloroquine is one of the most frequently used drugs in dermatology with a wide variety of uses due to its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, photoprotective, and metabolic actions and low side effect profile Demonstration of its antiviral action in vitro has led to renewed interest by physicians worldwide during the ongoing coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Like its immunomodulatory action, its antiviral activity is also due to its ability to alkalinize the intracytoplasmic milieu, leading to disordered viral entry/fusion and deranged viral protein synthesis However, randomized controlled trials are the need of the hour to conclusively determine its clinical efficacy in such infections A review of the multitude of mechanisms of action, updated screening and monitoring guidelines, drug interactions, side effects, and its use in special populations is described
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #665385
Database	COVID19

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Article: Hydroxychloroquine availability during COVID-19 crisis and its effect on patient anxiety.

Cornet, Alain / Andersen, Jeanette / Tani, Chiara / Mosca, Marta

Lupus science & medicine

2021 Volume 8, Issue 1

Abstract: ... hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) shortage that occurred during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.: Methods ... of anxiety (on a 0-10 scale) with regard to not being able to have access to HCQ, once in April 2020 (first ... responded during the first wave; 1001 (48.2%) could get HCQ from the first place they asked, 230 (11.1 ...

Abstract	Objective: To report the results of a survey exploring the experience of patients with SLE facing hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) shortage that occurred during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A survey was designed by Lupus Europe's patient advisory network and distributed through its social media, newsflash and members' network. People with lupus were asked about their last HCQ purchases and their level of anxiety (on a 0-10 scale) with regard to not being able to have access to HCQ, once in April 2020 (first wave) and after 11 August (second wave). The results were compared. Results: 2075 patients responded during the first wave; 1001 (48.2%) could get HCQ from the first place they asked, 230 (11.1%) could get the drug by going to more than one pharmacy, 498 (24.0%) obtained HCQ later from their usual pharmacy and 126 (6.1%) from other sources. 188 (9.1%) could not get any; 32 (1.5%) did not respond to this question. All countries showed significant improvement in HCQ availability during the second wave. 562 (27.4%) patients reported an extremely high level of anxiety in wave 1 and 162 (10.3%) patients in wave 2; 589 (28.7%) and 268 (17.1%) patients reported a high level of anxiety in wave 1 and wave 2, respectively. Conclusions: The HCQ shortage had a significant impact on patients with SLE and has been responsible for psychological consequences including anxiety. Indeed, despite an objective improvement in drug availability, the event is leaving significant traces in patients' mind and behaviours.
MeSH term(s)	Antirheumatic Agents/supply & distribution ; Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Anxiety/diagnosis ; Anxiety/etiology ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Civil Defense/methods ; Civil Defense/standards ; Community Pharmacy Services/statistics & numerical data ; Europe/epidemiology ; Health Services Accessibility/standards ; Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine/supply & distribution ; Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/psychology ; Psychological Distress ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Self Report/statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Chemical Substances	Antirheumatic Agents ; Hydroxychloroquine (4QWG6N8QKH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2779620-6
ISSN	2053-8790
ISSN	2053-8790
DOI	10.1136/lupus-2021-000496
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