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Article ; Online: Anxiety amongst physicians during COVID-19: cross-sectional study in Pakistan.

Mahmood, Qaisar Khalid / Jafree, Sara Rizvi / Jalil, Aisha / Nadir, Syed Mujtaba Hasnain / Fischer, Florian

BMC public health

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 118

Abstract: ... times of a pandemic. In this study, we aim to identify the determinants of anxiety in physicians on duty ... for physicians and other healthcare providers during the corona pandemic. Immediate attention is needed to reduce ... physicians completed the questionnaire.: Results: T-test results revealed significant associations between ...

Abstract	Background: Ensuring safety and wellbeing of healthcare providers is crucial, particularly during times of a pandemic. In this study, we aim to identify the determinants of anxiety in physicians on duty in coronavirus wards or quarantine centers. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional quantitative survey with an additional qualitative item. Five constructs of workload, exhaustion, family strain, feeling of protection, and anxiety were measured using items from two validated tools. Modifications were made for regional relevance. Factor analysis was performed showing satisfactory Cronbach alpha results. Overall, 103 physicians completed the questionnaire. Results: T-test results revealed significant associations between gender and anxiety. Structural equation modeling identified that high workload contributed to greater exhaustion (β = 0.41, R Conclusions: It is imperative to improve governmental and social support for physicians and other healthcare providers during the corona pandemic. Immediate attention is needed to reduce anxiety, workload, and family strain in frontline practitioners treating coronavirus patients, and to improve their (perceptions of) protection. This is a precondition for patient safety.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/therapy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Physicians/psychology ; Physicians/statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-020-10134-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Frontline Healthcare Workers During COVID 19

Goolam Hussein Rassool / Kalsoom Nawaz / Sara Latif / Umair Mudassar

Journal of Islamic International Medical College, Vol 18, Iss 2, Pp 121-

2023 Volume 127

Abstract: ... among frontline healthcare workers (doctors vs. rescuers) in Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional online ... Objective: To determine the frequency of depression, anxiety, and stress during COVID-19 ... and stress (t (363) = 10.21,p<.01) between doctors and rescue workers during COVID-19. The majority ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine the frequency of depression, anxiety, and stress during COVID-19 among frontline healthcare workers (doctors vs. rescuers) in Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional online questionnaire survey. Place and Duration of Study: Centre for Islamic Psychology, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus from 25 April 2020 to 20 June 2020. Materials and Methods: A total of 364 frontline healthcare workers (n=182 doctors and n=182 rescuers) were included in the final analysis. The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to collect online data via Google form through convenience sampling. Statistical data analysis was done using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-23), and the frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation were calculated. Independent samples-ttest was employed to identify differences between doctors and rescuers on depression,anxiety, and stress scale. Results: The mean age of the participants was 28.79 + 5.46 years. The study identified highly significant difference in depression (t (363) = 11.10, p<.01), anxiety (t (363) = 7.30, p<.01), and stress (t (363) = 10.21,p<.01) between doctors and rescue workers during COVID-19. The majority of doctors reported a moderate level of depression (41%), extremely severe anxiety (30%), and a moderate level of stress (22%), while the majority of rescue workers reported a moderate level of depression (21%), moderate anxiety (14%) and extremely severe stress (10%). Conclusion: The frequency of depression, anxiety, and stress is higher among doctors as compared to rescuers. The study has manifold implications for healthcare workers and psychological health professionals to implement preventive and intervention programs to combat psychological problems.
Keywords	anxiety ; covid-19 ; depression ; frontline workers ; stress ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Riphah International University, Islamabad
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Anxiety amongst physicians during COVID-19

Qaisar Khalid Mahmood / Sara Rizvi Jafree / Aisha Jalil / Syed Mujtaba Hasnain Nadir / Florian Fischer

BMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

cross-sectional study in Pakistan

2021 Volume 10

Abstract: ... during times of a pandemic. In this study, we aim to identify the determinants of anxiety in physicians ... other healthcare providers during the corona pandemic. Immediate attention is needed to reduce anxiety, workload, and family ... Overall, 103 physicians completed the questionnaire. Results T-test results revealed significant ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Ensuring safety and wellbeing of healthcare providers is crucial, particularly during times of a pandemic. In this study, we aim to identify the determinants of anxiety in physicians on duty in coronavirus wards or quarantine centers. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional quantitative survey with an additional qualitative item. Five constructs of workload, exhaustion, family strain, feeling of protection, and anxiety were measured using items from two validated tools. Modifications were made for regional relevance. Factor analysis was performed showing satisfactory Cronbach alpha results. Overall, 103 physicians completed the questionnaire. Results T-test results revealed significant associations between gender and anxiety. Structural equation modeling identified that high workload contributed to greater exhaustion (β = 0.41, R2 = 0.17, p < 0.001) and greater family strain (β = 0.47, R2 = 0.22, p < 0.001). Exhaustion (β = 0.17, p < 0.005), family strain (β = 0.34, p < 0.001), and feelings of protection (β = − 0.30, p < 0.001) significantly explained anxiety (R2 = 0.28). Qualitative findings further identified specific needs of physicians with regard to protective equipment, compensation, quarantine management, resource allocation, security and public support, governance improvement, and health sector development. Conclusions It is imperative to improve governmental and social support for physicians and other healthcare providers during the corona pandemic. Immediate attention is needed to reduce anxiety, workload, and family strain in frontline practitioners treating coronavirus patients, and to improve their (perceptions of) protection. This is a precondition for patient safety.
Keywords	Coronavirus ; Pandemic ; Medical doctor ; Physician ; Healthcare ; Practitioner ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: COVID-19 and Anxiety amongst Doctors: A Pakistani Perspective.

Arshad, Abdul Rehman / Islam, Farrukh

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP

2020 Volume 30, Issue 10, Page(s) 106–109

Abstract: Objective: To assess anxiety in Pakistani doctors in context of COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate ... possible causes.: Study design: Cross-sectional study.: Place and duration of study: Departments ... COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the psychological well-being of doctors. Greater attention ...

Abstract	Objective: To assess anxiety in Pakistani doctors in context of COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate possible causes. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Departments of Nephrology, Combined Military Hospital Peshawar and Combined Military Hospital Malir, Karachi, during March 2020. Methodology: Doctors working in different parts of Pakistan were approached online through snowball sampling technique. Those with history of psychiatric disorders were excluded. They were administered a questionnaire including Seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Reasons why they felt anxious were also explored. Results: Responses from 431 doctors, including 238 (55.2%) males, were evaluated. Most of them were younger than 30 years (286; 66.4%), in training (335; 77.7%), and working in public hospitals (347; 80.5%). Mild, moderate and severe anxiety was seen in 120 (27.8%), 103 (23.9%) and 42 (9.7%) doctors, respectively. Median score on GAD-7 was 6 (interquartile range = 3 - 11). Lady doctors had higher scores than males (7 vs. 5; p=0.024). No significant differences in scores were found amongst doctors from different workplaces or of different professional status. A greater proportion of females had anxiety as compared to males (67.9% vs. 56.3%; p=0.014). Frequency of anxiety was not different amongst doctors of different professional status, types of workplace and amongst different age groups. Commonest reasons for anxiety were lack of personal protective equipment (83.8% doctors); and the fear that they could spread infection to family members (79.8% doctors). Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the psychological well-being of doctors. Greater attention needs to be paid towards lady doctors to ensure their mental well-being. Key Words: Anxiety disorders, Pandemic, Personal protective equipment, Workforce.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Physicians/psychology ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/psychology ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sex Factors
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-29
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2276646-7
ISSN	1681-7168 ; 1022-386X
ISSN (online)	1681-7168
ISSN	1022-386X
DOI	10.29271/jcpsp.2020.supp2.106
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Article ; Online: The assessment and validation of the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) among frontline doctors in Pakistan during fifth wave of COVID-19.

Nadeem, Muhammad Umar / Kulich, Steve J / Bokhari, Ijaz Hussain

Frontiers in public health

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1192733

Abstract: ... in the cultural context of Pakistan among this group of frontline doctors. The findings of this study can provide ... of depression, anxiety, and stress among frontline doctors in Pakistan, and validate the depression, anxiety ... stress scale (DASS-21) on the context of Pakistan.: Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted ...

Abstract	Objective: The study aims to document sociodemographic features, address the symptoms and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among frontline doctors in Pakistan, and validate the depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS-21) on the context of Pakistan. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted throughout the regions of Pakistan on frontline doctors to document their sociodemographic patterns and the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress while dealing with the fifth wave (Omicron-variant) of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in Pakistan (December 2021-April 2022). Respondents ( Results: Though previous literature reported declines in psychological symptoms after earlier waves of COVID-19, these DASS-21 findings show that as the pandemic has worn on, frontline doctors in Pakistan are having considerable personal symptoms of depression (72.7%), anxiety (70.2%), and stress (58.3%). Though specifically related to the COVID-19 pandemic, they rated only moderate levels of depression and stress, however they reported severe levels of anxiety. The results also revealed a positive correlation between depression and anxiety ( Conclusion: Through the application of all required statistical procedures, DASS-21 is validated in the cultural context of Pakistan among this group of frontline doctors. The findings of this study can provide new directions for the policy makers (government and hospitals' administration) of Pakistan to focus on the mental wellbeing of the doctors under similar enduring public health crises and to protect them from short- or long-term disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Depression/epidemiology ; Depression/psychology ; Pandemics ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Mental Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Anxiety/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2023.1192733
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: COVID-19 and Anxiety amongst Doctors: A Pakistani Perspective

Arshad, Abdul Rehman / Islam, Farrukh

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess anxiety in Pakistani doctors in context of COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate ... possible causes. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Departments ... infection to family members (79.8% doctors). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact ...

Abstract	OBJECTIVE: To assess anxiety in Pakistani doctors in context of COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate possible causes. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Departments of Nephrology, Combined Military Hospital Peshawar and Combined Military Hospital Malir, Karachi, during March 2020. METHODOLOGY: Doctors working in different parts of Pakistan were approached online through snowball sampling technique. Those with history of psychiatric disorders were excluded. They were administered a questionnaire including Seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Reasons why they felt anxious were also explored. RESULTS: Responses from 431 doctors, including 238 (55.2%) males, were evaluated. Most of them were younger than 30 years (286; 66.4%), in training (335; 77.7%), and working in public hospitals (347; 80.5%). Mild, moderate and severe anxiety was seen in 120 (27.8%), 103 (23.9%) and 42 (9.7%) doctors, respectively. Median score on GAD-7 was 6 (interquartile range = 3 - 11). Lady doctors had higher scores than males (7 vs. 5; p=0.024). No significant differences in scores were found amongst doctors from different workplaces or of different professional status. A greater proportion of females had anxiety as compared to males (67.9% vs. 56.3%; p=0.014). Frequency of anxiety was not different amongst doctors of different professional status, types of workplace and amongst different age groups. Commonest reasons for anxiety were lack of personal protective equipment (83.8% doctors); and the fear that they could spread infection to family members (79.8% doctors). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the psychological well-being of doctors. Greater attention needs to be paid towards lady doctors to ensure their mental well-being. Key Words: Anxiety disorders, Pandemic, Personal protective equipment, Workforce.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #895881
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: The assessment and validation of the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) among frontline doctors in Pakistan during fifth wave of COVID-19

Muhammad Umar Nadeem / Steve J. Kulich / Ijaz Hussain Bokhari

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: ... of depression, anxiety, and stress among frontline doctors in Pakistan, and validate the depression, anxiety ... doctors in Pakistan are having considerable personal symptoms of depression (72.7%), anxiety (70.2%), and ... stress scale (DASS-21) on the context of Pakistan.MethodA cross-sectional survey was conducted ...

Abstract	ObjectiveThe study aims to document sociodemographic features, address the symptoms and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among frontline doctors in Pakistan, and validate the depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS-21) on the context of Pakistan.MethodA cross-sectional survey was conducted throughout the regions of Pakistan on frontline doctors to document their sociodemographic patterns and the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress while dealing with the fifth wave (Omicron-variant) of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in Pakistan (December 2021–April 2022). Respondents (N = 319) were recruited through a snowball sampling process.ResultsThough previous literature reported declines in psychological symptoms after earlier waves of COVID-19, these DASS-21 findings show that as the pandemic has worn on, frontline doctors in Pakistan are having considerable personal symptoms of depression (72.7%), anxiety (70.2%), and stress (58.3%). Though specifically related to the COVID-19 pandemic, they rated only moderate levels of depression and stress, however they reported severe levels of anxiety. The results also revealed a positive correlation between depression and anxiety (r = 0.696, p < 0.001), depression and stress (r = 0.761, p < 0.001), and anxiety and stress (r = 0.720, p < 0.001).ConclusionThrough the application of all required statistical procedures, DASS-21 is validated in the cultural context of Pakistan among this group of frontline doctors. The findings of this study can provide new directions for the policy makers (government and hospitals' administration) of Pakistan to focus on the mental wellbeing of the doctors under similar enduring public health crises and to protect them from short- or long-term disorders.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; depression ; anxiety ; stress ; doctors ; Pakistan ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	150 ; 360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Depression and Anxiety in Health Care Workers during COVID-19

Mehdi, Muntazir / Waseem, Muhammad / Rehm, Muhammad Hassam / Aziz, Nauman / Anjum, Sagheer / Javid, Muhammad Aslam

Biomedica

Abstract: Background and Objective: Pakistan has been sternly affected by COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019 ... knowledge, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were noted Results: This study received n = 237 ... survey composed of n = 237 self-selected health care workers was conducted Their demographics, COVID-19 associated ...

Abstract	Background and Objective: Pakistan has been sternly affected by COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) since March, 2020 This study was intended to evaluate the mental health among health care workers throughout the epidemic and to sight see the possible influence factors Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey composed of n = 237 self-selected health care workers was conducted Their demographics, COVID-19 associated knowledge, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were noted Results: This study received n = 237 responses A total of (59%) of the participants belonged to age group 20-30 years Females (56 3%) were more among all of them Regarding marital status, (44 5%) were unmarried Out of n = 237 participants, there were (62%) doctors, (34%) nurses and (4%) paramedical staff Depression and anxiety prevailed in about (34 6%) and (42 2%) of participants respectively Moderate depression was reported equally by doctors and nurses Severe anxiety was found in (25%) while borderline anxiety in (17%) of all the participants Nurses reported more severity in depression while comparing to doctors Conclusion: Females were slightly more depressed than males and anxiety was more common than depression especially in health workers from Sahiwal Depression was seen more commonly in married individuals while comparing to singles Risk of transmission of COVID-19 to family was most stressful for the participants and more than half of them affirmed it [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Biomedica is the property of Knowledge Bylanes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #828612
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Depression and Anxiety in Health Care Workers during COVID-19

Muntazir Mehdi / Muhammad Waseem / Muhammad Hassam Rehm / Nauman Aziz / Sagheer Anjum / Muhammad Aslam Javid

BioMedica, Vol 36, Iss 2S, Pp 247-

2020 Volume 252

Abstract: Background and Objective: Pakistan has been sternly affected by COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019 ... associated knowledge, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were noted. Results: This study received n ... survey composed of n = 237 self-selected health care workers was conducted. Their demographics, COVID-19 ...

Abstract	Background and Objective: Pakistan has been sternly affected by COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) since March, 2020. This study was intended to evaluate the mental health among health care workers throughout the epidemic and to sight see the possible influence factors. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey composed of n = 237 self-selected health care workers was conducted. Their demographics, COVID-19 associated knowledge, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were noted. Results: This study received n = 237 responses. A total of (59%) of the participants belonged to age group 20-30 years. Females (56.3%) were more among all of them. Regarding marital status, (44.5%) were unmarried. Out of n = 237 participants, there were (62%) doctors, (34%) nurses and (4%) paramedical staff. Depression and anxiety prevailed in about (34.6%) and (42.2%) of participants respectively. Moderate depression was reported equally by doctors and nurses. Severe anxiety was found in (25%) while borderline anxiety in (17%) of all the participants. Nurses reported more severity in depression while comparing to doctors. Conclusion: Females were slightly more depressed than males and anxiety was more common than depression especially in health workers from Sahiwal. Depression was seen more commonly in married individuals while comparing to singles. Risk of transmission of COVID-19 to family was most stressful for the participants and more than half of them affirmed it.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Discover STM Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Anxiety among Doctors during COVID-19 Pandemic in Secondary and Tertiary Care Hospitals.

Hasan, Syed Riazul / Hamid, Zeeshan / Jawaid, Muhammad Talha / Ali, Rashida Kaizar

Pakistan journal of medical sciences

2020 Volume 36, Issue 6, Page(s) 1360–1365

Abstract: Objective: To assess the level of anxiety among doctors during COVID-19 pandemic and ... Conclusions: During COVID-19 pandemic, doctors exhibited different grades of anxiety. In order for healthcare ... of measurement of anxiety symptoms than males. Doctors dealing with COVID-19 patients showed higher level ...

Abstract	Objective: To assess the level of anxiety among doctors during COVID-19 pandemic and the associated risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 30th April to 16th May, 2020 in Karachi, Pakistan. The data was collected via an online web-based questionnaire. Questionnaire was used to assess anxiety level using GAD-7 scale among health-care professionals and the risk factors playing role in it. Results: One hundred and fifty-one doctors participated in our study. Out of these 151 participants, 69 (45.7%) had mild, 22 (14.6%) had moderate, and 5 (3.3%) had severe symptoms of anxiety, whereas the remaining 55 (36.4%) had no anxiety according to GAD-7 scale. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] GAD-7 scale scores are 6.0 [3.00-9.00]. Females showed more severe degrees of measurement of anxiety symptoms than males. Doctors dealing with COVID-19 patients showed higher level of anxiety as compared to the doctors who were not dealing with COVID-19 patients, having a significant difference (U = 9.697, p = 0.008). One hundred and forty-one (93.4%) participants were concerned about being exposed to COVID-19 at work and 112 (74.2 %) thought they have inadequate protective equipment for safety. Conclusions: During COVID-19 pandemic, doctors exhibited different grades of anxiety. In order for healthcare workers to perform to the best of their capability, certain guidelines and interventions are needed.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-28
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2032827-8
ISSN	1681-715X ; 1682-024X ; 1017-4699
ISSN (online)	1681-715X
ISSN	1682-024X ; 1017-4699
DOI	10.12669/pjms.36.6.3113
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