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Article: Human viral cardiomyopathy.

Maisch, Bernhard / Ristic, Arsen D / Portig, Irene / Pankuweit, Sabine

Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library

2003 Volume 8, Page(s) s39–67

Abstract: ... of viral cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Viral cardiomyopathy is defined as viral persistence ... cardiomyopathy (or viral myocarditis with cardiomegaly). If no inflammation is observed in the biopsy ... of a dilated heart (<14 lymphocytes and macrophages/mm ) the term viral cardiomyopathy or viral persistence ...

Abstract	Viral infection of the heart is relatively common, usually asymptomatic and has a spontaneous and complete resolution. It can, however, in rare cases, lead to substantial cardiac damage, development of viral cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Viral cardiomyopathy is defined as viral persistence in a dilated heart. It may be accompanied by myocardial inflammation and then termed inflammatory viral cardiomyopathy (or viral myocarditis with cardiomegaly). If no inflammation is observed in the biopsy of a dilated heart (<14 lymphocytes and macrophages/mm ) the term viral cardiomyopathy or viral persistence in dilated cardiomyopathy should be applied. The diagnosis of myocarditis and viral cardiomyopathy can be made only by endomyocardial biopsy, implementing the WHO/WHF criteria, and PCR techniques for identification of viral genome. The most frequent cardiotropic viruses detected by endomyocardial biopsy are Parvo B19, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, cytomegalovirus, and less frequently Epstein-Barr virus, and influenza virus.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis ; Autoimmune Diseases/virology ; Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis ; Cardiomyopathies/immunology ; Cardiomyopathies/virology ; Humans ; Virus Diseases/diagnosis ; Virus Diseases/immunology ; Virus Diseases/virology
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-01-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2141320-4
ISSN	1093-9946
ISSN	1093-9946
DOI	10.2741/962
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Article ; Online: FOXO3A acts as immune response modulator in human virus-negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy.

Makrutzki-Zlotek, Kamila / Escher, Felicitas / Karadeniz, Zehra / Aleshcheva, Ganna / Pietsch, Heiko / Küchler, Konstanze / Schultheiss, Heinz-Peter / Heidecker, Bettina / Poller, Wolfgang / Landmesser, Ulf / Scheibenbogen, Carmen / Thevathasan, Tharusan / Skurk, Carsten

Heart (British Cardiac Society)

2023 Volume 109, Issue 11, Page(s) 846–856

Abstract: ... of susceptibility for viral infection or inflammation per se (p=0.199). Patients in the virus-negative DCMi group ... Objective: Inflammatory cardiomyopathy is characterised by inflammatory infiltrates leading ... to cardiac injury, left ventricular (LV) dilatation and reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Several viral ...

Abstract	Objective: Inflammatory cardiomyopathy is characterised by inflammatory infiltrates leading to cardiac injury, left ventricular (LV) dilatation and reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Several viral pathogens and autoimmune phenomena may cause cardiac inflammation.The effects of the gain of function Methods: Distribution of the SNP was determined in virus-positive and virus-negative DCMi patients and in control subjects without myocardial pathology. Baseline and outcome data were compared in 221 virus-negative patients with detection of cardiac inflammation and reduced LVEF according to their carrier status of the SNP. Results: Distribution of SNP rs12212067 did not differ between virus-positive (n=22, 19.3%), virus-negative (n=45, 20.4 %) and control patients (n=18, 23.4 %), indicating the absence of susceptibility for viral infection or inflammation per se (p=0.199). Patients in the virus-negative DCMi group were characterised by reduced LVEF 35.5% (95% CI) 33.5 to 37.4) and increased LVEDD (LV end-diastolic diameter) 59.8 mm (95% CI 58.5 to 61.2). Within the group, SNP and non-SNP carriers had similarly impaired LVEF 39.2% (95% CI 34.3% to 44.0%) vs 34.5% (95% CI 32.4 to 36.5), p=0.083, and increased LVEDD 58.9 mm (95% CI 56.3 to 61.5) vs 60.1 mm Conclusion: FOXO3A might act as modulator of the cardiac immune response, diminishing cardiac inflammation and injury in pathogen-negative DCMi.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Myocarditis/genetics ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnosis ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics ; Inflammation ; Stroke Volume ; Immunity
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1303417-0
ISSN	1468-201X ; 1355-6037
ISSN (online)	1468-201X
ISSN	1355-6037
DOI	10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321732
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Article: A Case Report of Sepsis-Induced Dilated Cardiomyopathy Secondary to Human Metapneumovirus Infection.

Ingram, Toyin / Evbuomwan, Moses O / Jyothidasan, Amudhan

Cureus

2024 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) e57951

Abstract: ... mechanisms. Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a paramyxovirus and a common cause of respiratory tract infection ... to an infectious process that can lead to end-stage organ dysfunction and death. Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy ...

Abstract	Sepsis is a medical emergency that describes the body's systemic immunological response to an infectious process that can lead to end-stage organ dysfunction and death. Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) is an increasingly recognized form of transient cardiac dysfunction characterized by left ventricular dilation, depressed ejection fraction, and recovery in 10 days without cardiac-related medical intervention. Injury to the myocardium by inflammatory cytokines has been proposed as one of the main causative mechanisms. Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a paramyxovirus and a common cause of respiratory tract infection that has been reported to modulate chemical mediators that produce inflammatory cytokines. Extra-pulmonary cardiac complications of hMPV have been reported; but literature on SICM associated with hMPV are very rare. We describe a case of a 43-year-old male with no known cardiac history diagnosed with SICM associated with hMPV. His sepsis was managed in the intensive care unit, and his heart ejection fraction improved within 10 days without the initiation of guideline-directed medical therapy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.57951
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Article ; Online: Infantile takotsubo cardiomyopathy following human metapneumovirus infection.

Takamizawa, Koichi / Shindo, Takahiro / Ono, Hiroshi / Kato, Hitoshi

Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society

2022 Volume 64, Issue 1, Page(s) e15125

MeSH term(s)	Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Metapneumovirus ; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/diagnosis ; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-09
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1470376-2
ISSN	1442-200X ; 1328-8067
ISSN (online)	1442-200X
ISSN	1328-8067
DOI	10.1111/ped.15125
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Article ; Online: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection-Associated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure

Aikaterini Papamanoli / Brandon Muncan / Jeanwoo Yoo / George Psevdos / Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 1760, p

2022 Volume 1760

Abstract: The landscape of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemiology and treatment is ever-changing ... related cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF) have historically been attributed to systemic inflammation ... suggests that ART also plays a role in modulating the process of HIV-related cardiomyopathy and HF ...

Abstract	The landscape of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemiology and treatment is ever-changing, with the widespread and evolving use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). With timely ART, people living with HIV (PLWH) are nearing the life expectancies and the functionality of the general population; nevertheless, the effects of HIV and ART on cardiovascular health remain under investigation. The pathophysiology of HIV-related cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF) have historically been attributed to systemic inflammation and changes in cardiometabolic function and cardiovascular architecture. Importantly, newer evidence suggests that ART also plays a role in modulating the process of HIV-related cardiomyopathy and HF. In the short term, newer highly active ART (HAART) seems to have cardioprotective effects; however, emerging data on the long-term cardiovascular outcomes of certain HAART medications, i.e., protease inhibitors, raise concerns about the potential adverse effects of these drugs in the clinical course of HIV-related HF. As such, the traditional phenotypes of dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular systolic failure that are associated with HIV-related heart disease are incrementally being replaced with increasing rates of diastolic dysfunction and ischemic heart disease. Moreover, recent studies have found important links between HIV-related HF and other clinical and biochemical entities, including depression, which further complicate cardiac care for PLWH. Considering these trends in the era of ART, the traditional paradigms of HIV-related cardiomyopathy and HF are being called into question, as is the therapeutic role of interventions such as ventricular assist devices and heart transplantation. In all, the mechanisms of HIV-related myocardial damage and the optimal approaches to the prevention and the treatment of cardiomyopathy and HF in PLWH remain under investigation.
Keywords	human immunodeficiency virus ; cardiomyopathy ; heart failure ; HAART ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Successful Epicardial Radiofrequency Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia That Shared a Pathway with Bi-Directional Conduction in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Cardiomyopathy.

Togashi, Daisuke / Harada, Tomoo / Nakajima, Ikutaro / Kasagawa, Akira / Nakayama, Yui / Sasaki, Kenichi / Akashi, Yoshihiro J

International heart journal

2023 Volume 64, Issue 6, Page(s) 1157–1161

Abstract: A 59-year-old man who had been diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus-associated ... cardiomyopathy was referred for catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT). An electrocardiogram (ECG ...

Abstract	A 59-year-old man who had been diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus-associated cardiomyopathy was referred for catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT). An electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform revealed that the clinical VT originated from the epicardium. A deceleration zone (DZ) was identified on an isochronal late activation map. Moreover, 2 forms of monomorphic VT were induced by different cycle length burst pacings from near the DZ. The morphologies of the 2 VTs with an identical cycle length were very likely to use a shared common pathway with bi-directional conduction around the slow conduction area in the left ventricle posterolateral small epicardial surface area. After ablation of the DZ, the VT was uninducible.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis ; Tachycardia, Ventricular/etiology ; Tachycardia, Ventricular/surgery ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/surgery ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Cardiomyopathies/complications ; Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis ; Catheter Ablation ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-14
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2187806-7
ISSN	1349-3299 ; 1349-2365
ISSN (online)	1349-3299
ISSN	1349-2365
DOI	10.1536/ihj.23-205
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Article ; Online: CCR5del32 genotype in human enteroviral cardiomyopathy leads to spontaneous virus clearance and improved outcome compared to wildtype CCR5.

Lassner, Dirk / Siegismund, Christine S / Kühl, Uwe / Rohde, Maria / Stroux, Andrea / Escher, Felicitas / Schultheiss, Heinz-Peter

Journal of translational medicine

2018 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 249

Abstract: Background: Enteroviral cardiomyopathy is a life-threatening disease, and detection of enterovirus ... patients with chronic/inflammatory cardiomyopathy and biopsy-proven EV infection and reliable information ... effector phenotype and natural killer cells). Its 32-bp deletion (CCR5del32) is the most frequent human ...

Abstract	Background: Enteroviral cardiomyopathy is a life-threatening disease, and detection of enterovirus (EV) RNA in the initial endomyocardial biopsy is associated with adverse prognosis and increased mortality. Some patients with EV infection may spontaneously eliminate the virus and recover, whereas those with virus persistence deteriorate and progress to heart failure. Interferon-beta (IFN-β) therapy eliminates the virus, resulting in increased survival of treated patients. CCR5 is expressed on antigen-presenting cells (both macrophages and dendritic cells) and immune effector cells (T-lymphocytes with memory/effector phenotype and natural killer cells). Its 32-bp deletion (CCR5del32) is the most frequent human coding sequence mutation. This study addresses the correlation of CCR5 polymorphism to the clinical course of EV infection and the necessity for IFN-β treatment. Methods: We examined 97 consecutive patients with chronic/inflammatory cardiomyopathy and biopsy-proven EV infection and reliable information on clinical outcomes by CCr5 genotyping. These data were evaluated in relation to virus persistence in follow-up biopsies and survival rates over a 15-year period. Results: Genotyping revealed a strong correlation between the CCR5del32 genotype and spontaneous virus clearance with improved outcomes. All patients with CCR5del32 eliminated EV spontaneously and none of them died within the observed period. In the group of untreated CCR5 wildtype patients, 33% died (Kaplan-Meier log-rank p = 0.010). However, CCR5 wildtype individuals treated with IFN-β are more likely to survive than without therapy (Kaplan-Meier log-rank p = 0.004) in identical proportions to individuals with the CCR5del32 genotype. Conclusions: These data suggest that CCR5 genotyping is a novel predictive genetic marker for the clinical course of human EV cardiomyopathies. Hereby clinicians can identify those EV positive individuals who will eliminate the virus spontaneously based on CCR5 phenotype and those patients with CCR5 wildtype genotype who would be eligible for immediate antiviral IFN-β treatment to minimize irreversible cardiac damage.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Biopsy ; Cardiomyopathies/genetics ; Cardiomyopathies/virology ; Cytokines/blood ; Enterovirus ; Enterovirus Infections/genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Inflammation ; Interferon-beta/metabolism ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Killer Cells, Natural/cytology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Prognosis ; Receptors, CCR5/genetics ; Retrospective Studies ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; CCR5 protein, human ; Cytokines ; Receptors, CCR5 ; Interferon-beta (77238-31-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1479-5876
ISSN (online)	1479-5876
DOI	10.1186/s12967-018-1610-8
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Article: Human herpesvirus 6-induced inflammatory cardiomyopathy in immunocompetent children.

Reddy, Surabhi / Eliassen, Eva / Krueger, Gerhard R / Das, Bibhuti B

Annals of pediatric cardiology

2017 Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) 259–268

Abstract: Over the last decade, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has been implicated in the etiology of pediatric ... investigating the pathophysiological relevance of HHV-6 in inflammatory cardiomyopathy. We examined 11 cases ... as a causative agent of inflammatory cardiomyopathy, especially in children under three who might be experiencing ...

Abstract	Over the last decade, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has been implicated in the etiology of pediatric myocarditis and subsequent dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This review provides an overview of recent literature investigating the pathophysiological relevance of HHV-6 in inflammatory cardiomyopathy. We examined 11 cases of previously published pediatric myocarditis and/or DCM associated with HHV-6 and also our experience of detection of virus particles in vascular endothelium of HHV-6 positive endomyocardial biopsy tissue by electron microscopy. The exact role of the presence of HHV-6 and its load remains controversial as the virus is also found in the heart of healthy controls. Therefore, the question remains open whether and how cardiac HHV-6 may be of pathogenetic importance. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction or mRNA testing allows differentiation between low-level latent virus found in asymptomatic myocardium and active HHV-6 infection. Although only a small number of pediatric cases have been reported in literature, HHV-6 should be considered as a causative agent of inflammatory cardiomyopathy, especially in children under three who might be experiencing a primary infection. Future studies are needed to establish a threshold for determining active infection in biopsy samples and the role of coinfections other cardiotropic viruses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-10
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2430956-4
ISSN	0974-5149 ; 0974-2069
ISSN (online)	0974-5149
ISSN	0974-2069
DOI	10.4103/apc.APC_54_17
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Article ; Online: A neonatal nonhuman primate model of gestational Zika virus infection with evidence of microencephaly, seizures and cardiomyopathy.

Steinbach, Rosemary J / Haese, Nicole N / Smith, Jessica L / Colgin, Lois M A / MacAllister, Rhonda P / Greene, Justin M / Parkins, Christopher J / Kempton, J Beth / Porsov, Edward / Wang, Xiaojie / Renner, Lauren M / McGill, Trevor J / Dozier, Brandy L / Kreklywich, Craig N / Andoh, Takeshi F / Grafe, Marjorie R / Pecoraro, Heidi L / Hodge, Travis / Friedman, Robert M /

Houser, Lisa A / Morgan, Terry K / Stenzel, Peter / Lindner, Jonathan R / Schelonka, Robert L / Sacha, Jonah B / Roberts, Victoria H J / Neuringer, Martha / Brigande, John V / Kroenke, Christopher D / Frias, Antonio E / Lewis, Anne D / Kelleher, Meredith A / Hirsch, Alec J / Streblow, Daniel Neal

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) e0227676

Abstract: ... like symptoms including cardiomyopathy, motor delay and seizure activity following maternal infection ... fetal Zika virus exposure have yet to be characterized in nonhuman primates. Herein we describe ... with Zika virus during the first trimester of pregnancy. Further characterization of this neonatal nonhuman ...

Abstract	Zika virus infection during pregnancy is associated with miscarriage and with a broad spectrum of fetal and neonatal developmental abnormalities collectively known as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Symptomology of CZS includes malformations of the brain and skull, neurodevelopmental delay, seizures, joint contractures, hearing loss and visual impairment. Previous studies of Zika virus in pregnant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) have described injury to the developing fetus and pregnancy loss, but neonatal outcomes following fetal Zika virus exposure have yet to be characterized in nonhuman primates. Herein we describe the presentation of rhesus macaque neonates with a spectrum of clinical outcomes, including one infant with CZS-like symptoms including cardiomyopathy, motor delay and seizure activity following maternal infection with Zika virus during the first trimester of pregnancy. Further characterization of this neonatal nonhuman primate model of gestational Zika virus infection will provide opportunities to evaluate the efficacy of pre- and postnatal therapeutics for gestational Zika virus infection and CZS.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cardiomyopathies/virology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetus/virology ; Macaca mulatta ; Microcephaly/virology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/veterinary ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Seizures/virology ; Zika Virus/pathogenicity ; Zika Virus Infection/veterinary ; Zika Virus Infection/virology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0227676
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Article ; Online: Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Outcomes in a Large Nationwide Sample.

Ali, Laith / Ghazzal, Amre / Radwan, Sohab / Desale, Sameer / Garcia-Garcia, Hector M

Cardiovascular revascularization medicine : including molecular interventions

2021 Volume 29, Page(s) 54–58

Abstract: ... on chronic stress exposure. The effect of concurrent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on outcomes ... Background/purpose: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) or stress-induced cardiomyopathy is ...

Abstract	Background/purpose: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) or stress-induced cardiomyopathy is characterized by transient wall-motion abnormalities often preceded by physical or emotional stress. Various baseline medical comorbidities were associated with worse outcomes, theoretically due to their effect on chronic stress exposure. The effect of concurrent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on outcomes of TCM has not been well-established. Methods/material: We conducted a US-wide analysis of TCM hospitalizations from 2006 to 2014 by querying the National Inpatient Sample database for the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision TCM code, baseline characteristics, and inpatient outcomes. TCM patients with HIV were compared to TCM patients without HIV. Multivariate regression models were constructed to account for potential confounders. Results: We identified 123,050 patients hospitalized with TCM; of those patients, 304 had positive HIV status. In an unadjusted analysis, in-hospital outcomes were worse in TCM patients with HIV infection in terms of development of acute kidney injury (16.8% vs 33.3%, P-value 0.002), use of invasive mechanical ventilation (18.3% vs 34.5%, P-value 0.003), and mortality (5.3% vs 17.1%, P-value <0.0001). After adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities, there was no significant difference in the captured outcomes. Conclusion: TCM patients with concurrent HIV had numerically worse outcomes. After adjusting for potential confounders, the statistical significance no longer existed, suggesting that statistical difference was primarily driven by difference in baseline sociodemographic parameters and coexisting comorbidities.
MeSH term(s)	Comorbidity ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Hospital Mortality ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/diagnosis ; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/epidemiology ; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2212113-4
ISSN	1878-0938 ; 1553-8389
ISSN (online)	1878-0938
ISSN	1553-8389
DOI	10.1016/j.carrev.2021.05.014
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