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  1. Article: COVID-19 and the Air We Breathe.

    McNeill, V Faye

    ACS earth & space chemistry

    2020  Volume 4, Issue 5, Page(s) 674–675

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 2472-3452
    ISSN 2472-3452
    DOI 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00093
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  2. Article ; Online: COVID-19 and the Air We Breathe

    McNeill, V. Faye

    ACS Earth and Space Chemistry

    2020  Volume 4, Issue 5, Page(s) 674–675

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publisher American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 2472-3452
    DOI 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00093
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Age-Specific Transmissibility Change of COVID-19 and Associations With Breathing Air Volume, Preexisting Immunity, and Government Response.

    Song, Qifa / Cao, Chao / Xiang, Yi / Ruan, Liemin / Qian, Guoqing

    Frontiers in public health

    2022  Volume 10, Page(s) 850206

    Abstract: ... Conclusions: The volume of breathing air may be a notable factor contributing to the infectivity of COVID-19 ... on the host susceptibility to and transmission of COVID-19 at various pandemic stages have not been ... investigated.: Methods: We classified the US weekly COVID-19 data into 0-4, 5-11, 12-17, 18-64, and 65+ ...

    Abstract Background: The comprehensive impacts of diverse breathing air volumes and preexisting immunity on the host susceptibility to and transmission of COVID-19 at various pandemic stages have not been investigated.
    Methods: We classified the US weekly COVID-19 data into 0-4, 5-11, 12-17, 18-64, and 65+ age groups and applied the odds ratio (OR) of incidence between one age group and the 18-64 age group to delineate the transmissibility change.
    Results: The changes of incidence ORs between May, 2020 and November, 2021 were 0.22-0.66 (0-4 years), 0.20-1.34 (5-11 years), 0.39-1.04 (12-17 years), and 0.82-0.73 (65+ years). The changes could be explained by age-specific preexisting immunity including previous infection and vaccination, as well as volumes of breathing air. At the early pandemic, the ratio that 0-4-year children exhaled one-fifth of air and discharge a similar ratio of viruses was closely associated with incidence OR between two age groups. While, after a rollout of pandemic and vaccination, the much less increased preexisting immunity in children resulted in rapidly increased OR of incidence. The ARIMA model predicted the largest increase of relative transmissibility in 6 coming months in 5-11-year children.
    Conclusions: The volume of breathing air may be a notable factor contributing to the infectivity of COVID-19 among different age groups of patients. This factor and the varied preexisting greatly shape the transmission of COVID-19 at different periods of pandemic among different age groups of people.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Child ; Government ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Vaccination
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2022.850206
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  6. Article ; Online: Age-Specific Transmissibility Change of COVID-19 and Associations With Breathing Air Volume, Preexisting Immunity, and Government Response

    Qifa Song / Chao Cao / Yi Xiang / Liemin Ruan / Guoqing Qian

    Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

    2022  Volume 10

    Abstract: ... ConclusionsThe volume of breathing air may be a notable factor contributing to the infectivity of COVID-19 ... on the host susceptibility to and transmission of COVID-19 at various pandemic stages have not been ... investigated.MethodsWe classified the US weekly COVID-19 data into 0–4, 5–11, 12–17, 18–64, and 65+ age groups ...

    Abstract BackgroundThe comprehensive impacts of diverse breathing air volumes and preexisting immunity on the host susceptibility to and transmission of COVID-19 at various pandemic stages have not been investigated.MethodsWe classified the US weekly COVID-19 data into 0–4, 5–11, 12–17, 18–64, and 65+ age groups and applied the odds ratio (OR) of incidence between one age group and the 18–64 age group to delineate the transmissibility change.ResultsThe changes of incidence ORs between May, 2020 and November, 2021 were 0.22–0.66 (0–4 years), 0.20–1.34 (5–11 years), 0.39–1.04 (12–17 years), and 0.82–0.73 (65+ years). The changes could be explained by age-specific preexisting immunity including previous infection and vaccination, as well as volumes of breathing air. At the early pandemic, the ratio that 0–4-year children exhaled one-fifth of air and discharge a similar ratio of viruses was closely associated with incidence OR between two age groups. While, after a rollout of pandemic and vaccination, the much less increased preexisting immunity in children resulted in rapidly increased OR of incidence. The ARIMA model predicted the largest increase of relative transmissibility in 6 coming months in 5–11-year children.ConclusionsThe volume of breathing air may be a notable factor contributing to the infectivity of COVID-19 among different age groups of patients. This factor and the varied preexisting greatly shape the transmission of COVID-19 at different periods of pandemic among different age groups of people.
    Keywords coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ; host susceptibility ; volume of breathed air ; age-specific transmissibility ; preexisting immunity ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: A numerical assessment of social distancing of preventing airborne transmission of COVID-19 during different breathing and coughing processes.

    Issakhov, Alibek / Zhandaulet, Yeldos / Omarova, Perizat / Alimbek, Aidana / Borsikbayeva, Aliya / Mustafayeva, Ardak

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 9412

    Abstract: The spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to show that geographic barriers ... of gravitational sedimentation and transport in the room during the process of breathing and sneezing or coughing ... Three different cases are numerically investigated taking into account normal breathing and coughing or ...

    Abstract The spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to show that geographic barriers alone cannot contain the virus. Asymptomatic carriers play a critical role in the nature of this virus, which is rapidly escalating into a global pandemic. Asymptomatic carriers can inadvertently transmit the virus through the air stream. Many diseases can infect human bodies with tiny droplets or particles that carry various viruses and bacteria that are generated by the respiratory system of infected patients. This article presents the numerical results of the spread of droplets or particles in a room. The proposed numerical model in this work takes into account the sedimentation of particles or droplets under the action of gravitational sedimentation and transport in the room during the process of breathing and sneezing or coughing. Three different cases are numerically investigated taking into account normal breathing and coughing or sneezing, respectively, and three different rates of particle ejection from the mouth are considered. Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flows were used to describe three-dimensional air flow inside ventilated rooms. The influence of ventilation rate on social distancing is also computationally investigated. It was found that particles can move up to 5 m with a decrease in concentration in the direction of the air flow. The conclusions made in this work show that, given the environmental conditions, the two meter social distance recommended by WHO is insufficient.
    MeSH term(s) Air Microbiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/transmission ; Cough ; Exhalation ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Pandemics ; Particle Size ; Physical Distancing ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sneezing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-88645-2
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  8. Article ; Online: A numerical assessment of social distancing of preventing airborne transmission of COVID-19 during different breathing and coughing processes

    Alibek Issakhov / Yeldos Zhandaulet / Perizat Omarova / Aidana Alimbek / Aliya Borsikbayeva / Ardak Mustafayeva

    Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 39

    Abstract: Abstract The spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to show that geographic ... the action of gravitational sedimentation and transport in the room during the process of breathing and ... breathing and coughing or sneezing, respectively, and three different rates of particle ejection ...

    Abstract Abstract The spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to show that geographic barriers alone cannot contain the virus. Asymptomatic carriers play a critical role in the nature of this virus, which is rapidly escalating into a global pandemic. Asymptomatic carriers can inadvertently transmit the virus through the air stream. Many diseases can infect human bodies with tiny droplets or particles that carry various viruses and bacteria that are generated by the respiratory system of infected patients. This article presents the numerical results of the spread of droplets or particles in a room. The proposed numerical model in this work takes into account the sedimentation of particles or droplets under the action of gravitational sedimentation and transport in the room during the process of breathing and sneezing or coughing. Three different cases are numerically investigated taking into account normal breathing and coughing or sneezing, respectively, and three different rates of particle ejection from the mouth are considered. Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible flows were used to describe three-dimensional air flow inside ventilated rooms. The influence of ventilation rate on social distancing is also computationally investigated. It was found that particles can move up to 5 m with a decrease in concentration in the direction of the air flow. The conclusions made in this work show that, given the environmental conditions, the two meter social distance recommended by WHO is insufficient.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 532
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis following severe COVID - 19 infection: A case report.

    Martin, Samina / Kaushik, Shivu / Bajantri, Bharat

    Respiratory medicine case reports

    2024  Volume 49, Page(s) 102017

    Abstract: A 67-year-old male, with a history of severe COVID-19 infection and exposure to talc was seen ... for worsening shortness of breath for months, requiring supplemental oxygen. He was treated for COVID-19 ... infection and suspected pneumonia with no improvement. His pulmonary function test (PFT) worsened and ...

    Abstract A 67-year-old male, with a history of severe COVID-19 infection and exposure to talc was seen for worsening shortness of breath for months, requiring supplemental oxygen. He was treated for COVID-19 infection and suspected pneumonia with no improvement. His pulmonary function test (PFT) worsened and computed tomography (CT) showing bilateral airspace opacities with ground-glass opacities (GGO), also worsened over time. He underwent bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage and pathology revealed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). He subsequently underwent whole lung lavage (WLL) which significantly improved his crazy paving pattern on CT and was successfully weaned off supplemental oxygen.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2666110-X
    ISSN 2213-0071
    ISSN 2213-0071
    DOI 10.1016/j.rmcr.2024.102017
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  10. Article ; Online: COVID-19 Detection From Respiratory Sounds With Hierarchical Spectrogram Transformers.

    Aytekin, Idil / Dalmaz, Onat / Gonc, Kaan / Ankishan, Haydar / Saritas, Emine Ulku / Bagci, Ulas / Celik, Haydar / Cukur, Tolga

    IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics

    2024  Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 1273–1284

    Abstract: ... to distinguish patients with COVID-19 from healthy controls given audio recordings of cough or breathing ... Monitoring of prevalent airborne diseases such as COVID-19 characteristically involves respiratory ... of respiratory sounds on portable devices is a promising alternative, which can assist in early assessment of COVID-19 ...

    Abstract Monitoring of prevalent airborne diseases such as COVID-19 characteristically involves respiratory assessments. While auscultation is a mainstream method for preliminary screening of disease symptoms, its utility is hampered by the need for dedicated hospital visits. Remote monitoring based on recordings of respiratory sounds on portable devices is a promising alternative, which can assist in early assessment of COVID-19 that primarily affects the lower respiratory tract. In this study, we introduce a novel deep learning approach to distinguish patients with COVID-19 from healthy controls given audio recordings of cough or breathing sounds. The proposed approach leverages a novel hierarchical spectrogram transformer (HST) on spectrogram representations of respiratory sounds. HST embodies self-attention mechanisms over local windows in spectrograms, and window size is progressively grown over model stages to capture local to global context. HST is compared against state-of-the-art conventional and deep-learning baselines. Demonstrations on crowd-sourced multi-national datasets indicate that HST outperforms competing methods, achieving over 90% area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in detecting COVID-19 cases.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Respiratory Sounds/diagnosis ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Auscultation ; Cough ; Electric Power Supplies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2695320-1
    ISSN 2168-2208 ; 2168-2194
    ISSN (online) 2168-2208
    ISSN 2168-2194
    DOI 10.1109/JBHI.2023.3339700
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