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  1. Article: Renal Involvement in COVID-19: A Review of the Literature.

    Migliaccio, Marco Giuseppe / Di Mauro, Marco / Ricciolino, Riccardo / Spiniello, Giorgio / Carfora, Vincenzo / Verde, Nicoletta / Mottola, Filiberto Fausto / Coppola, Nicola

    Infection and drug resistance

    2021  Volume 14, Page(s) 895–903

    Abstract: ... response. We summarized the evidence of the literature on the prevalence of kidney involvement ... damage and impair renal function, proving the complexity of the virus activity and the resulting immunity ...

    Abstract Kidney injury may be a severe complication of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and contributes to worsen the prognosis. Various pathophysiological mechanisms can contribute to organ damage and impair renal function, proving the complexity of the virus activity and the resulting immunity response. We summarized the evidence of the literature on the prevalence of kidney involvement, on the pathogenic pathways and on its management.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-05
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2494856-1
    ISSN 1178-6973
    ISSN 1178-6973
    DOI 10.2147/IDR.S288869
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Renal manifestations of COVID 19 in children.

    Mittal, Aliza / Nadig, Pallavi / Singh, Kuldeep

    Journal of family medicine and primary care

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 6, Page(s) 2302–2310

    Abstract: ... of COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, this review focuses on its renal ... of duplicates. The incidence of renal involvement in COVID 19 is up to 10-15%, which is higher than SARS ... failure, kidney disease, children, pediatric, covid-19, SARS COv2). Studies were reviewed after the exclusion ...

    Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important factor affecting the outcome of hospitalized patients under any disease condition. While a lot has been said and studied about pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, this review focuses on its renal manifestations in children with and its complications. For the collection of data, the patient intervention control outcome model was applied to determine all eligible studies. The data was extracted using PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar databases using a combination of keywords (AKI, renal failure, kidney disease, children, pediatric, covid-19, SARS COv2). Studies were reviewed after the exclusion of duplicates. The incidence of renal involvement in COVID 19 is up to 10-15%, which is higher than SARS. Both direct and indirect pathogenic mechanisms operate in patients with COVID 19 leading to varied manifestations. While AKI remains the most common manifestation in children admitted to intensive care units, other manifestations like, proteinuria, hematuria, rhabdomyolysis, and thrombotic microangiopathy have also been described in the literature. The children already on immunosuppression due to transplant or immune-mediated renal disorders do not seem to have more severe illness than those without it. The principles of management of AKI in COVID have not been different than other patient groups.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-30
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2735275-4
    ISSN 2278-7135 ; 2249-4863
    ISSN (online) 2278-7135
    ISSN 2249-4863
    DOI 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1777_21
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: COVID-19 and renal allograft rejection: insight from controlled and non-controlled studies.

    Daoud, Ahmed / Soliman, Karim / Posadas Salas, Maria Aurora / Uehara, Genta / Vaishnav, Sakshi / Cheungpasitporn, Wisit / Casey, Michael J

    Renal failure

    2024  Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 2336126

    Abstract: ... in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).: Methods: This study involved a detailed literature review, conducted using ... more susceptible to both the severe effects of COVID-19 and complications in their transplanted organ ... The aim of this study is to investigate whether COVID-19 infection increases the risk of rejection ...

    Abstract Aim: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), due to their immunosuppressed status, are potentially more susceptible to both the severe effects of COVID-19 and complications in their transplanted organ. The aim of this study is to investigate whether COVID-19 infection increases the risk of rejection in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).
    Methods: This study involved a detailed literature review, conducted using PubMed, with the search being completed by September 7th, 2023. The search strategy incorporated a combination of relevant keywords: 'COVID', 'Renal', 'Kidney', 'Transplant', and 'Rejection'. The results from controlled and uncontrolled studies were separately collated and analyzed.
    Results: A total of 11 studies were identified, encompassing 1,179 patients. Among these, two controlled studies reported the incidence of rejection in KTRs infected with COVID-19. Pooling data from these studies revealed no significant statistical correlation between COVID-19 infection and biopsy-proven rejection (
    Conclusion: In conclusion, the limited number of published controlled studies revealed no statistically significant association between COVID-19 infection and biopsy-proven rejection among KTRs. However, the broader analysis of non-controlled studies showed a variable rejection incidence with a pooled rejection rate of 11.8%. There is insufficient high-quality data to explore the association of COVID-19 infection and rejection.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Allografts ; COVID-19/complications ; Graft Rejection ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects ; Transplant Recipients
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 632949-4
    ISSN 1525-6049 ; 0886-022X
    ISSN (online) 1525-6049
    ISSN 0886-022X
    DOI 10.1080/0886022X.2024.2336126
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Long-term renal outcomes of patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

    Zhang, Yuhui / Zhao, Youlu / Wang, Jinwei / Zheng, Xizi / Xu, Damin / Lv, Jicheng / Yang, Li

    Journal of nephrology

    2023  Volume 36, Issue 9, Page(s) 2441–2456

    Abstract: ... Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis on long-term renal outcomes among COVID-19 ... patients. We carried out a systematic literature search in PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane COVID-19 ... Background: Kidney involvement is common in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 ...

    Abstract Background: Kidney involvement is common in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during the acute phase, little is known about the long-term impact of COVID-19 on the kidney.
    Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis on long-term renal outcomes among COVID-19 patients. We carried out a systematic literature search in PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane COVID-19 study register and performed the random-effects meta-analysis of rates. The search was last updated on November 23, 2022.
    Results: The study included 12 moderate to high-quality cohort studies involving 6976 patients with COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury and 5223 COVID-19 patients without acute kidney injury. The summarized long-term renal non-recovery rate, dialysis-dependent rate, and complete recovery rate among patients with COVID-19-associated AKI was 22% (12-33%), 6% (2-12%), and 63% (44-81%) during a follow-up of 90-326.5 days. Heterogeneity could be explained by differences in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and proportion of acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy using meta-regression; patients with more comorbidities or higher renal replacement therapy rate had higher non-recovery rates. The summarized long-term kidney function decrease rate among patients without acute kidney injury was 22% (3-51%) in 90-199 days, with heterogeneity partially explained by severity of infection.
    Conclusion: Patients with more comorbidities tend to have a higher renal non recovery rate after COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury; for COVID-19 patients without acute kidney injury, decrease in kidney function may occur during long-term follow-up. Regular evaluation of kidney function during the post-COVID-19 follow-up among high-risk patients may be necessary.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/therapy ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Replacement Therapy/adverse effects ; Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology ; Acute Kidney Injury/etiology ; Acute Kidney Injury/therapy ; Kidney
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-03
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1093991-x
    ISSN 1724-6059 ; 1120-3625 ; 1121-8428
    ISSN (online) 1724-6059
    ISSN 1120-3625 ; 1121-8428
    DOI 10.1007/s40620-023-01731-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Acute Renal Vein Thrombosis Following COVID-19 in a Lupus Patient

    Dimitra Petrou / Aggeliki Sardeli / Panayiotis Vlachoyiannopoulos / Ornella Moschovaki-Zeiger / Sophia Lionaki

    Life, Vol 13, Iss 1252, p

    A Case Report and Review of the Literature

    2023  Volume 1252

    Abstract: ... Literature review was performed on MEDLINE database via Pubmed. Search items included COVID-19, renal infarction ... vein thrombosis following COVID-19, the third case described in the international literature so far. Methods ... so far involving SLE patients in whom thromboembolic events developed following COVID-19, but none ...

    Abstract Purpose : The association between COVID-19 and hypercoagulability is well established. This is a case of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who developed unilateral renal vein thrombosis following COVID-19, the third case described in the international literature so far. Methods: Clinical, laboratory characteristics and outcomes of the patient were described in detail. Literature review was performed on MEDLINE database via Pubmed. Search items included COVID-19, renal infarction, and renal thrombosis. A total of fifty-three cases were located. Of these, only two patients had renal vein thrombosis but none of them carried a diagnosis of SLE. However, six cases have been published so far involving SLE patients in whom thromboembolic events developed following COVID-19, but none of them experienced renal vein thrombosis. Conclusion: The present case adds a new piece to the emerging puzzle of COVID-19 associated hypercoagulability, especially among patients with autoimmune diseases.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; renal infarction ; renal thrombosis ; systemic lupus ; erythematosus ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: The Dilemma of Renal Involvement in COVID-19: A Systematic Review.

    Bajwa, Hamza / Riaz, Yumna / Ammar, Muhammad / Farooq, Soban / Yousaf, Amman

    Cureus

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 6, Page(s) e8632

    Abstract: ... therapy. Our review focuses on the prevalence of acute kidney insufficiency in COVID-19 patients and ... COVID-19), has posed a serious threat to global health since December 2019. It has spread worldwide and ... of acute kidney insufficiency in COVID-19 patients to understand better the reasoning behind the grave outcomes ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), now known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has posed a serious threat to global health since December 2019. It has spread worldwide and is consuming healthcare resources rapidly. Published literature suggests that people with advanced age and comorbidities are affected more severely. It is crucial to uncover the underlying pathogenesis of acute kidney insufficiency in COVID-19 patients to understand better the reasoning behind the grave outcomes in these patients. In this review, we have included articles stating the prevalence and specific mortality rates of COVID-19 patients with acute kidney insufficiency. Our study included 1098 COVID-19 positive patients, of whom 66 (6%) developed acute kidney insufficiency and 62 patients died, showing a mortality rate of 94%. Patients with acute kidney insufficiency showed a more severe disease course, and these patients ended up more in intensive care units. Particular attention should be paid to those with already established kidney disease, such as chronic kidney disease, or renal transplant recipients, as these patients are already on immunosuppressive therapy. Our review focuses on the prevalence of acute kidney insufficiency in COVID-19 patients and mortality rates in this subset of patients.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.8632
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Renal Histopathological Changes in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients

    Vikarn Vishwajeet / Hare Krishna / Surajit Ghatak / Poonam Abhay Elhence / Sneha Ambwani / Shoban Babu Varthya

    Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation, Vol 32, Iss 6, Pp 1523-

    A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data

    2021  Volume 1544

    Abstract: ... injury are lacking. Our study aimed to summarize the renal histopathological findings in COVID-19 ... EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for published reports of COVID-19 patients with renal histopathological ... The major targets of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are the respiratory and immune systems ...

    Abstract The major targets of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are the respiratory and immune systems. However, a significant proportion of hospitalized patients had kidney dysfunction. The histopathological surveys have principally focused on respiratory, hematopoietic, and immune systems, whereas histopathologic data of kidney injury are lacking. Our study aimed to summarize the renal histopathological findings in COVID-19 from the published case report and case series. We conducted a systematic searching of databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for published reports of COVID-19 patients with renal histopathological changes from autopsy studies and from “for cause” indication biopsies. Included in our study are case reports and case series with extractable quantitative data on patient demographics such as age, sex, ethnicity, as well as data on renal function tests, their comorbidities, and biopsy to study the histopathological changes. Data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel. To evaluate the methodological quality, we chose the framework for appraisal, synthesis, and application of evidence suggested by Murad et al. Systematic searches of literature found 31 studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. These studies included a total of 139 cases, where individual case details including clinical and histopathological findings were available. The median age of the cases was 62 years with a male:female ratio of 2.5:1. Associated comorbidities were noted in 78.4% of cases. The majority of the cases had renal dysfunction with proteinuria which was documented in more than two-thirds of the cases. The histopathological findings observed the frequent tubular involvement manifested by acute tubular injury. Regarding glomerular pathology, collapsing glomerulopathy emerged as a distinct lesion in these patients and was noted among 46.8% of cases with glomerular lesions. A small subset of cases (4.3%) had thrombotic microangiopathy. Collapsing glomerulopathy emerged as a hallmark of glomerular changes ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: COVID 19 induced acute pancreatitis in patients with renal impairment: report of five cases.

    Tadkal, Poornima / Siddini, Vishwanath / Augustine, Rohan / Babu, Kishore / Sundar, Sankaran

    Clinical journal of gastroenterology

    2022  Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 826–833

    Abstract: ... with acute pancreatitis. Additionally, a review of literature was conducted about COVID 19 patients ... chronic kidney disease patients, 2 were renal transplantation recipients. COVID 19 infection was the cause of acute ... COVID 19 infection is an ongoing pandemic that the world is facing currently. Though SARS-CoV2 ...

    Abstract COVID 19 infection is an ongoing pandemic that the world is facing currently. Though SARS-CoV2 infection mainly involves the lungs, it is known to affect other organs like kidneys, brain, heart, endocrine organs and gastrointestinal system. It is hypothesized that the ACE2 and transmembrane serine protease 2 which are expressed in the beta cells of the pancreas are the entry receptors for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thus causing pancreatitis. A retrospective review of clinical records at our institution during the COVID 19 pandemic from 2019 to 2020 was carried out to find patients with COVID 19 infection presenting with acute pancreatitis. Additionally, a review of literature was conducted about COVID 19 patients presenting with pancreatitis in chronic kidney disease and renal transplantation recipients. Five patients with COVID 19 infection presented with acute pancreatitis during the 2019-2020 pandemic period. All patients were males and mean age of the patients was 48 ± 20 years. Out of 5 patients, 3 were chronic kidney disease patients, 2 were renal transplantation recipients. COVID 19 infection was the cause of acute pancreatitis in all 5 cases. Out of 5, 1 patient had acute necrotizing pancreatitis and the rest had mild to moderate severity pancreatitis. All patients recovered except the patient with acute necrotizing pancreatitis who succumbed to the illness. One patient with chronic kidney disease became dialysis dependent post recovery from pancreatitis. In all 5 patients, there was no correlation between the severity of COVID ARDS and the severity of pancreatitis. There was no correlation between the severity of pancreatitis and the elevation of inflammatory markers. In patients presenting with pancreatitis, we have to keep in mind COVID 19 infection along with other known aetiologies of acute pancreatitis.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing ; RNA, Viral ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-26
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2429411-1
    ISSN 1865-7265 ; 1865-7257
    ISSN (online) 1865-7265
    ISSN 1865-7257
    DOI 10.1007/s12328-022-01633-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Renal Histopathological Changes in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data.

    Vishwajeet, Vikarn / Krishna, Hare / Ghatak, Surajit / Elhence, Poonam Abhay / Ambwani, Sneha / Varthya, Shoban Babu

    Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 6, Page(s) 1523–1544

    Abstract: ... injury are lacking. Our study aimed to summarize the renal histopathological findings in COVID-19 ... EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for published reports of COVID-19 patients with renal histopathological ... The major targets of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are the respiratory and immune systems ...

    Abstract The major targets of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are the respiratory and immune systems. However, a significant proportion of hospitalized patients had kidney dysfunction. The histopathological surveys have principally focused on respiratory, hematopoietic, and immune systems, whereas histopathologic data of kidney injury are lacking. Our study aimed to summarize the renal histopathological findings in COVID-19 from the published case report and case series. We conducted a systematic searching of databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for published reports of COVID-19 patients with renal histopathological changes from autopsy studies and from "for cause" indication biopsies. Included in our study are case reports and case series with extractable quantitative data on patient demographics such as age, sex, ethnicity, as well as data on renal function tests, their comorbidities, and biopsy to study the histopathological changes. Data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel. To evaluate the methodological quality, we chose the framework for appraisal, synthesis, and application of evidence suggested by Murad et al. Systematic searches of literature found 31 studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. These studies included a total of 139 cases, where individual case details including clinical and histopathological findings were available. The median age of the cases was 62 years with a male:female ratio of 2.5:1. Associated comorbidities were noted in 78.4% of cases. The majority of the cases had renal dysfunction with proteinuria which was documented in more than two-thirds of the cases. The histopathological findings observed the frequent tubular involvement manifested by acute tubular injury. Regarding glomerular pathology, collapsing glomerulopathy emerged as a distinct lesion in these patients and was noted among 46.8% of cases with glomerular lesions. A small subset of cases (4.3%) had thrombotic microangiopathy. Collapsing glomerulopathy emerged as a hallmark of glomerular changes among COVID-19 patients. Tubular damage is common and is linked to multiple factors including ischemia, sepsis among others. In the form of thrombotic microangiopathy seen in a subset of patients, vascular damage hints toward the hyper-coagulable state associated with the infection. The demonstration of viral particles in renal tissue remains debatable and requires further study.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney/physiology ; Kidney Diseases/pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proteinuria/etiology ; Thrombotic Microangiopathies/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-10
    Publishing country Saudi Arabia
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1379955-1
    ISSN 1319-2442
    ISSN 1319-2442
    DOI 10.4103/1319-2442.352410
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Renal mucormycosis presenting during the COVID-19 pandemic: A series of 11 cases from a tertiary care center in India.

    Madduri, Vijay Kumar Sarma / Jena, Rahul / Baid, Gaurav / Choudhary, Gautam Ram / Sandhu, Arjun Singh

    Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of India

    2022  Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) 115–120

    Abstract: ... wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India.: Methods: We reviewed the records of all patients presenting ... in the analysis and all demographic and clinical details, including a history of COVID-19 disease and ... examination. Of these, four patients had a history of COVID-19 infection. Only one patient had ...

    Abstract Introduction: Renal mucormycosis has been documented to occur even in apparently immunocompetent individuals. Owing to the rarity of this disease, literature on its management is small. We present our experience of diagnosing and managing 11 cases of primary renal mucormycosis who presented during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India.
    Methods: We reviewed the records of all patients presenting to our institute with a diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis from March 2021 to September 2021. All patients with a radiological, microbiological, or histopathological diagnosis of renal mucormycosis were included in the analysis and all demographic and clinical details, including a history of COVID-19 disease and its treatment, were noted. All patients were treated by a combination of intravenous antifungal therapy and aggressive surgical debridement including nephrectomy and multivisceral resection as required. Predictors of mortality were evaluated by statistical analysis.
    Results: A total of 93 patients presented to our hospital with features of acute pyelonephritis of which 11 patients were suspected to have primary renal mucormycosis based on characteristic imaging features and confirmed on microbiological and histopathological examination. Of these, four patients had a history of COVID-19 infection. Only one patient had diabetes mellitus. Ten patients underwent nephrectomy and seven needed resections of surrounding organs. The colon was the most commonly involved organ. Five patients (45.5%) died of progressive sepsis. None of the predictors of mortality that were analyzed showed statistical significance.
    Conclusion: A high index of suspicion, early cross-sectional imaging, prompt institution of antifungal therapy, and aggressive surgical extirpation are very important for achieving good outcomes in patients of primary renal mucormycosis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639268-4
    ISSN 1998-3824 ; 0970-1591
    ISSN (online) 1998-3824
    ISSN 0970-1591
    DOI 10.4103/iju.iju_437_21
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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