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Article: Coronary anomalies: what the radiologist should know.

Neves, Priscilla Ornellas / Andrade, Joalbo / Monção, Henry

2015 Volume 48, Issue 4, Page(s) 233–241

Abstract: Coronary anomalies comprise a diverse group of malformations, some of them asymptomatic ... classified as follows: 1) anomalies of origination and course; 2) anomalies of intrinsic coronary arterial ... anatomy; 3) anomalies of coronary termination. The origin and the proximal course of anomalous coronary ...

Abstract	Coronary anomalies comprise a diverse group of malformations, some of them asymptomatic with a benign course, and the others related to symptoms as chest pain and sudden death. Such anomalies may be classified as follows: 1) anomalies of origination and course; 2) anomalies of intrinsic coronary arterial anatomy; 3) anomalies of coronary termination. The origin and the proximal course of anomalous coronary arteries are the main prognostic factors, and interarterial course or a coronary artery is considered to be malignant due its association with increased risk of sudden death. Coronary computed tomography angiography has become the reference method for such an assessment as it detects not only anomalies in origination of these arteries, but also its course in relation to other mediastinal structures, which plays a relevant role in the definition of the therapeutic management. Finally, it is essential for radiologists to recognize and characterize such anomalies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09-17
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2078806-X
ISSN	1678-7099 ; 0100-3984
ISSN (online)	1678-7099
ISSN	0100-3984
DOI	10.1590/0100-3984.2014.0004
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Coronary Artery Anomaly, What Radiologist Should Know?

Hyun Jin Lee / Jin Young Kim

대한영상의학회지, Vol 83, Iss 1, Pp 84-

2022 Volume 101

Abstract: ... article, we described the CT findings and clinical significance of coronary anomalies that radiologists ... should know. In particular, we described the dangerous anatomical findings of coronary anomalies on CT images ... Cardiac CT is the most accurate tool for diagnosing and evaluating coronary artery anomalies ...

Abstract	Cardiac CT is the most accurate tool for diagnosing and evaluating coronary artery anomalies. Coronary anomalies can often be observed as the number of cardiac CT scans increases. In this review article, we described the CT findings and clinical significance of coronary anomalies that radiologists should know. In particular, we described the dangerous anatomical findings of coronary anomalies on CT images in detail.
Keywords	coronary vessel anomalies ; cardiovascular abnormalities ; ct angiography ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Korean Society of Radiology
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Novel Anatomical Variation of Left Coronary Artery Origin at the Sinotubular Junction Level With Coeval Hypoplastic Left Circumflex, Superdominant Right Coronary Artery, and Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Case Report.

Barman, Parishmita / John, Andrew

Cureus

2024 Volume 16, Issue 5, Page(s) e59715

Abstract: ... should have properly defined knowledge of coronary artery anatomy and associated pathology, as it is important ... association of LCA anomaly origin at STJ level along with HLCx and SRCA condition with the burden of mild ... The isolated origin of the left coronary artery (LCA) ostium at the level of the sinotubular ...

Abstract	The isolated origin of the left coronary artery (LCA) ostium at the level of the sinotubular junction (STJ) has been described previously. Congenital absence of the left circumflex (LCx) coronary artery has also been documented with superdominant right coronary arterial circulation, either in the presence or absence of coronary artery obstruction. Earlier literature has linked the association of an absent LCx coronary artery with a superdominant right coronary artery (SRCA) but not with a hypoplastic LCx coronary artery (HLCx). The present case report details the case of a 37-year-old thin, athletic male with the risk factors of diabetes and hypertension who was admitted to the emergency unit of our hospital for losing consciousness while bicycling in the street. The current report establishes a combined association of LCA anomaly origin at STJ level along with HLCx and SRCA condition with the burden of mild to moderate coronary artery disease involving proximal left anterior descending artery, LCx, and mid right coronary artery in the literature for the first time. Further, the case report advocated that the presented case carries the risk of malignancy. Hence, with the advancement of modern imaging technologies, computed tomography angiography should be the first choice of imaging modality rather than coronary angiography to prevent fatal outcomes. Interventional cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, and radiologists should have properly defined knowledge of coronary artery anatomy and associated pathology, as it is important for coronary cannulation or any coronary interventions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.59715
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Article ; Online: 64-Slice ECG-gated computed tomographic angiography for assessment of coronary arteries in brachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis.

Hallman, Clay / Baumwart, Ryan / Hallman, Ruth Mackenzie

The Veterinary record

2024 Volume 194, Issue 6, Page(s) e3857

Abstract: ... resident.: Results: All nine dogs had good to excellent image quality. Coronary artery anomalies were ... as coronary artery morphology by one veterinary radiologist, one veterinary cardiologist and one veterinary radiology ... artery anomalies in brachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis and aiding in the determination of patient ...

Abstract	Background: Brachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis are known to have a higher incidence of concurrent coronary artery abnormalities than non-brachycephalic breeds, which increases risk when performing balloon valvuloplasty. The use of ECG-gated CT angiography has been reported for the evaluation of coronary arteries in normal dogs and dogs with pulmonary stenosis. The purpose of this study was to report findings of coronary artery origination and morphology of main branches using ECG-gated CT angiography in brachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis. Methods: An ECG-gated CT angiographic protocol was used to image coronary artery anatomy in nine brachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis. Images were assessed for quality as well as coronary artery morphology by one veterinary radiologist, one veterinary cardiologist and one veterinary radiology resident. Results: All nine dogs had good to excellent image quality. Coronary artery anomalies were identified in three of nine dogs: one R2A anomaly, one L2A anomaly and one L2C anomaly. Two dogs were assessed to be poor balloon valvuloplasty candidates based on CT angiographic images. Limitation: Coronary artery morphology was not confirmed via postmortem examination in all patients. Conclusion: ECG-gated CT angiography is a minimally invasive imaging modality capable of diagnosing various coronary artery anomalies in brachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis and aiding in the determination of patient candidacy for balloon valvuloplasty.
MeSH term(s)	Dogs ; Animals ; Computed Tomography Angiography/veterinary ; Coronary Vessels ; Angiography ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis/diagnostic imaging ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis/veterinary ; Heart Defects, Congenital/veterinary ; Craniosynostoses/veterinary ; Electrocardiography/veterinary ; Dog Diseases/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390015-0
ISSN	2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
ISSN (online)	2042-7670
ISSN	0042-4900
DOI	10.1002/vetr.3857
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Article ; Online: Prevalence Rates of Congenital Coronary Anomalies and Coronary Variations in Adult Indian Population Using Dual-Source Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography

Kartik P. Ganga / Aayush Goyal / Vineeta Ojha / Siddharthan Deepti / Sanjiv Sharma / Sanjeev Kumar

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging, Vol 31, Iss 01, Pp 138-

Analysis of Regional Distribution of Coronary Anomalies and the Need for Standardized Reporting Formats

2021 Volume 149

Abstract: Background Congenital coronary artery anomalies (CCAA) are predominantly discovered as incidental ... of these anomalies in the right coronary artery, left main, left circumflex artery, and the left anterior descending ... 1%. Anomalies of origin and course were detected in 2.3% of the patients. The frequency ...

Abstract	Background Congenital coronary artery anomalies (CCAA) are predominantly discovered as incidental findings on computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) of adults. They are rare but significant, considering their importance during endovascular or surgical interventions. This study describes the prevalence of CCAA and coronary variants (CV) in adults as identified by CTCA. Methods It is a retrospective evaluation of 7,694 CTCAs of adults performed in a tertiary care facility in North India. Results CCAA and CV were observed in a total of 9.6% of patients. The most common CV was myocardial bridging, observed in 7.1%. Anomalies of origin and course were detected in 2.3% of the patients. The frequency of these anomalies in the right coronary artery, left main, left circumflex artery, and the left anterior descending artery arteries were 1.06, 0.41, 0.03, and 0.38%, respectively. The single coronary pattern was seen in 0.05% and coronary artery fistulas in 0.03%. Scrutiny of data on Indian regional distribution revealed differing definitions and inclusion and exclusion criteria, making comparisons difficult, highlighting the need for uniform definitions as well as the need to adopt a standardized reporting template and format. Conclusion The prevalence of CCAA and CV is 9.6% in adult Indian patients undergoing CTCA. Prior knowledge of these anatomical finding can prevent a catastrophe during surgery or endovascular interventions. Hence, it is important that clinicians, as well as radiologists, are aware of these entities.
Keywords	computed tomography coronary angiography ; coronary artery anomalies ; coronary variations ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Prevalence Rates of Congenital Coronary Anomalies and Coronary Variations in Adult Indian Population Using Dual-Source Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography: Analysis of Regional Distribution of Coronary Anomalies and the Need for Standardized Reporting Formats

Ganga, Kartik P. / Goyal, Aayush / Ojha, Vineeta / Deepti, Siddharthan / Sharma, Sanjiv / Kumar, Sanjeev

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging

2021 Volume 31, Issue 01, Page(s) 138–149

Abstract: Background: Congenital coronary artery anomalies (CCAA) are predominantly discovered as incidental ... The frequency of these anomalies in the right coronary artery, left main, left circumflex artery, and the left ... myocardial bridging, observed in 7.1%. Anomalies of origin and course were detected in 2.3% of the patients ...

Abstract	Background: Congenital coronary artery anomalies (CCAA) are predominantly discovered as incidental findings on computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) of adults. They are rare but significant, considering their importance during endovascular or surgical interventions. This study describes the prevalence of CCAA and coronary variants (CV) in adults as identified by CTCA. Methods: It is a retrospective evaluation of 7,694 CTCAs of adults performed in a tertiary care facility in North India. Results: CCAA and CV were observed in a total of 9.6% of patients. The most common CV was myocardial bridging, observed in 7.1%. Anomalies of origin and course were detected in 2.3% of the patients. The frequency of these anomalies in the right coronary artery, left main, left circumflex artery, and the left anterior descending artery arteries were 1.06, 0.41, 0.03, and 0.38%, respectively. The single coronary pattern was seen in 0.05% and coronary artery fistulas in 0.03%. Scrutiny of data on Indian regional distribution revealed differing definitions and inclusion and exclusion criteria, making comparisons difficult, highlighting the need for uniform definitions as well as the need to adopt a standardized reporting template and format. Conclusion: The prevalence of CCAA and CV is 9.6% in adult Indian patients undergoing CTCA. Prior knowledge of these anatomical finding can prevent a catastrophe during surgery or endovascular interventions. Hence, it is important that clinicians, as well as radiologists, are aware of these entities.
Keywords	computed tomography coronary angiography ; coronary artery anomalies ; coronary variations
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01
Publisher	Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd.
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	605869-3
ISSN	1998-3808 ; 0971-3026 ; 0970-2016
ISSN (online)	1998-3808
ISSN	0971-3026 ; 0970-2016
DOI	10.1055/s-0041-1730135
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Coronary anomalies

Priscilla Ornellas Neves / Joalbo Andrade / Henry Monção

Radiologia Brasileira, Vol 48, Iss 4, Pp 233-

what the radiologist should know

2015 Volume 241

Abstract: ... classified as follows: 1) anomalies of origination and course; 2) anomalies of intrinsic coronary arterial ... anatomy; 3) anomalies of coronary termination. The origin and the proximal course of anomalous coronary ... AbstractCoronary anomalies comprise a diverse group of malformations, some of them asymptomatic ...

Abstract	AbstractCoronary anomalies comprise a diverse group of malformations, some of them asymptomatic with a benign course, and the others related to symptoms as chest pain and sudden death. Such anomalies may be classified as follows: 1) anomalies of origination and course; 2) anomalies of intrinsic coronary arterial anatomy; 3) anomalies of coronary termination. The origin and the proximal course of anomalous coronary arteries are the main prognostic factors, and interarterial course or a coronary artery is considered to be malignant due its association with increased risk of sudden death. Coronary computed tomography angiography has become the reference method for such an assessment as it detects not only anomalies in origination of these arteries, but also its course in relation to other mediastinal structures, which plays a relevant role in the definition of the therapeutic management. Finally, it is essential for radiologists to recognize and characterize such anomalies.
Keywords	Coronárias anômalas ; Angiotomografia computadorizada coronariana ; Angiografia coronária ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Anomalies of the Coronary Sinus and Its Tributaries: Evaluation on Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiography.

Sinha, Mumun / Pandey, Niraj Nirmal / Sharma, Arun

Journal of thoracic imaging

2019 Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) W60–W67

Abstract: ... imperative to circumvent possible complications. A number of coronary sinus (CS) anomalies, both symptomatic ... cardioplegia. Knowledge of the normal anatomy and the possible anomalies and their clinical significance is ... anatomy and the possible anomalies involving the CS along with their clinical significance is imperative ...

Abstract	Imaging of the coronary sinus and its tributaries has gained increasing significance consequent to the development of an array of electrophysiological and interventional procedures using the cardiac venous system, including ablation for arrhythmias, left ventricular pacing, and in the administration of retrograde cardioplegia. Knowledge of the normal anatomy and the possible anomalies and their clinical significance is imperative to circumvent possible complications. A number of coronary sinus (CS) anomalies, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, have been observed with the widespread use of noninvasive cross-sectional imaging for the imaging of the heart. However, it should be kept in mind that even clinically occult lesions of the CS can cause disastrous complications in specific interventions. Hence, a thorough knowledge of the expected anatomy and the possible anomalies involving the CS along with their clinical significance is imperative for the reporting radiologists and the concerned physicians. In this review, we briefly describe the relevant anatomy and embryology and describe the gamut of anomalies pertaining to the CS and its draining veins on multidetector computed tomography angiography along with their clinical importance.
MeSH term(s)	Computed Tomography Angiography/methods ; Coronary Angiography/methods ; Coronary Sinus/abnormalities ; Coronary Sinus/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Multidetector Computed Tomography/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	632900-7
ISSN	1536-0237 ; 0883-5993
ISSN (online)	1536-0237
ISSN	0883-5993
DOI	10.1097/RTI.0000000000000456
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Article ; Online: Coronary artery disease imaging reporting and data system (CAD-RADS): what radiologists need to know?

Razek, Ahmed Abdel Khalek Abdel / Fahmy, Dalia

Emergency radiology

2021 Volume 28, Issue 6, Page(s) 1185–1203

Abstract: ... knowledge of normal, variant, and anomalous anatomy; and skillful evaluation of stenosis are important ... The aim of this work is to review Coronary Artery Disease Imaging Reporting and Data System (CAD ... among radiologists and clinicians. Stenotic lesions are graded into 5 grades ranging from 0 (no stenosis) to 5 (total ...

Abstract	The aim of this work is to review Coronary Artery Disease Imaging Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) that was designed to standardize reporting language and improve the communication of data among radiologists and clinicians. Stenotic lesions are graded into 5 grades ranging from 0 (no stenosis) to 5 (total occlusion), where the highest grade represents the final score. The expert consensus platform has added 4 special modifiers (non-diagnostic, stent, graft, and vulnerability) to aid patient management through linking these scores with decision algorithm and treatment plan. Adherence to standard imaging protocol; knowledge of normal, variant, and anomalous anatomy; and skillful evaluation of stenosis are important for proper utilization of this reporting system. Lastly, radiologists should be aware of the inherited benefits, limitations, and common pitfalls of this classification system.
MeSH term(s)	Computed Tomography Angiography ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Radiologists
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1425144-9
ISSN	1438-1435 ; 1070-3004
ISSN (online)	1438-1435
ISSN	1070-3004
DOI	10.1007/s10140-021-01973-8
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Zs.A 4880: Show issues

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Article: Anomalous origin of coronary arteries with an interarterial course: pictorial essay.

Ferreira, Ana Flávia Pina / Rosemberg, Sharon / Oliveira, Daniel Simões / Araujo-Filho, José de Arimatéia Batista / Nomura, Cesar Higa

Radiologia brasileira

2018 Volume 52, Issue 3, Page(s) 193–197

Abstract: ... from the left coronary sinus is the most prevalent anomaly of this type and usually implies a better prognosis ... of such anomalies because of its ability to acquire high-resolution images of the entire course ... CT angiography of the aorta, this pictorial essay aims to illustrate such anomalies to facilitate ...

Abstract	Coronary arteries originating from the contralateral (noncoronary) sinus and having an interarterial course, in which they run from the ascending aorta to the pulmonary trunk, is a potentially fatal anomaly. Computed tomography (CT) angiography facilitates the recognition and therapeutic planning of such anomalies because of its ability to acquire high-resolution images of the entire course of the coronary artery, as well as of the accompanying atherosclerotic involvement. The right coronary artery originating from the left coronary sinus is the most prevalent anomaly of this type and usually implies a better prognosis, the interarterial course being classified as "high" or "low", depending on whether it is above or below the level of the pulmonary valve, with consequent stratification of the risk and the treatment. However, it is known that there is a high risk of sudden death among patients with a left coronary artery of anomalous origin from the right sinus. In such cases, surgical treatment is recommended, regardless of whether there are symptoms or evidence of ischemia. Given the importance of those aspects, which can be identified on CT of the chest or CT angiography of the aorta, this pictorial essay aims to illustrate such anomalies to facilitate their recognition and description by radiologists who are not specialists in cardiac imaging.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-25
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2078806-X
ISSN	1678-7099 ; 0100-3984
ISSN (online)	1678-7099
ISSN	0100-3984
DOI	10.1590/0100-3984.2017.0203
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