Article ; Online: T cell assays differentiate clinical and subclinical SARS-CoV-2 infections from cross-reactive antiviral responses.
2021 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 2055
Abstract: ... a range of T cell assays that differentially capture immune function to characterise SARS-CoV-2 responses ... Identification of protective T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 requires distinguishing people ... cell populations. The detection of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 is therefore critically dependent ...
| Abstract | Identification of protective T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 requires distinguishing people infected with SARS-CoV-2 from those with cross-reactive immunity to other coronaviruses. Here we show a range of T cell assays that differentially capture immune function to characterise SARS-CoV-2 responses. Strong ex vivo ELISpot and proliferation responses to multiple antigens (including M, NP and ORF3) are found in 168 PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infected volunteers, but are rare in 119 uninfected volunteers. Highly exposed seronegative healthcare workers with recent COVID-19-compatible illness show T cell response patterns characteristic of infection. By contrast, >90% of convalescent or unexposed people show proliferation and cellular lactate responses to spike subunits S1/S2, indicating pre-existing cross-reactive T cell populations. The detection of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 is therefore critically dependent on assay and antigen selection. Memory responses to specific non-spike proteins provide a method to distinguish recent infection from pre-existing immunity in exposed populations. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/virology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cross Reactions/immunology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Immunoassay/methods ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Immunologic Memory ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Pandemics ; Peptides/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology |
| Chemical Substances | Antiviral Agents ; Cytokines ; Immunoglobulin G ; Peptides ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6) |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2021-04-06 |
| Publishing country | England |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| ZDB-ID | 2553671-0 |
| ISSN | 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723 |
| ISSN (online) | 2041-1723 |
| ISSN | 2041-1723 |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41467-021-21856-3 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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