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Article: Long-COVID Syndrome? A Study on the Persistence of Neurological, Psychological and Physiological Symptoms.

Orrù, Graziella / Bertelloni, Davide / Diolaiuti, Francesca / Mucci, Federico / Di Giuseppe, Mariagrazia / Biella, Marco / Gemignani, Angelo / Ciacchini, Rebecca / Conversano, Ciro

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 9, Issue 5

Abstract: ... term effects, which are characteristic of the so-called "long COVID". The aim of the present study was to investigate ... F = 416 women) completed the online survey. The main symptoms associated with "long COVID" were ... the clinical presentation of the "long COVID" condition and related targeted treatments. ...

Abstract	Background: Emerging aspects of the Covid-19 clinical presentation are its long-term effects, which are characteristic of the so-called "long COVID". The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of physical, psychological, and sleep disturbances and the quality of life in the general population during the ongoing pandemic. Methods: This study, based on an online survey, collected demographic data, information related to COVID-19, sleep disturbances, and quality of life data from 507 individuals. The level of sleep disturbances and quality of life was assessed through the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), respectively. Results: In total, 507 individuals (M = 91 and F = 416 women) completed the online survey. The main symptoms associated with "long COVID" were headache, fatigue, muscle aches/myalgia, articular pains, cognitive impairment, loss of concentration, and loss of smell. Additionally, the subjects showed significant levels of insomnia ( Conclusions: The results of the study appear in line with recent publications, but uncertainty regarding the definition and specific features of "long COVID" remains. Further studies are needed in order to better define the clinical presentation of the "long COVID" condition and related targeted treatments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare9050575
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Long-COVID Syndrome? A Study on the Persistence of Neurological, Psychological and Physiological Symptoms

Graziella Orrù / Davide Bertelloni / Francesca Diolaiuti / Federico Mucci / Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe / Marco Biella / Angelo Gemignani / Rebecca Ciacchini / Ciro Conversano

Healthcare, Vol 9, Iss 575, p

2021 Volume 575

Abstract: ... studies are needed in order to better define the clinical presentation of the “long COVID” condition and ... term effects, which are characteristic of the so-called “long COVID”. The aim of the present study was to investigate ... 416 women) completed the online survey. The main symptoms associated with “long COVID” were headache ...

Abstract	Background: Emerging aspects of the Covid-19 clinical presentation are its long-term effects, which are characteristic of the so-called “long COVID”. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of physical, psychological, and sleep disturbances and the quality of life in the general population during the ongoing pandemic. Methods: This study, based on an online survey, collected demographic data, information related to COVID-19, sleep disturbances, and quality of life data from 507 individuals. The level of sleep disturbances and quality of life was assessed through the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), respectively. Results: In total, 507 individuals (M = 91 and F = 416 women) completed the online survey. The main symptoms associated with “long COVID” were headache, fatigue, muscle aches/myalgia, articular pains, cognitive impairment, loss of concentration, and loss of smell. Additionally, the subjects showed significant levels of insomnia ( p < 0.05) and an overall reduced quality of life ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the study appear in line with recent publications, but uncertainty regarding the definition and specific features of “long COVID” remains. Further studies are needed in order to better define the clinical presentation of the “long COVID” condition and related targeted treatments.
Keywords	long COVID ; long-haul COVID ; quality of life ; insomnia ; COVID-19 ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Cognitive impairment in long-COVID.

Julide, Tozkir / Cigdem, Turkmen / Baris, Topcular

Ideggyogyaszati szemle

2024 Volume 77, Issue 5-6, Page(s) 151–159

Abstract: Background and purpose:

Long Covid is a complex condition characterised by symptoms ... of cognitive impairment in long-COVID, including its definition, symptoms, pathophysiology, risk factors ... Pathophysiological mechanisms involve viral persistence, immune responses, and vas ...

Title translation	Kognitív károsodás hosszú Covid esetén.
Abstract	Background and purpose: Long Covid is a complex condition characterised by symptoms that persist for weeks and months after the Covid infection, accompanied by cognitive impairment that negatively affects daily life. Understanding this complex condition is important for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cognitive impairment in long-COVID, including its definition, symptoms, pathophysiology, risk factors, assessment tools, imaging abnormalities, potential biomarkers, management strategies, long-term outcomes, and future directions for research. . Methods: The search methodology used in this review aimed to include a wide range of research on cognitive impairment related to both COVID-19 and long-COVID. Systematic searches of PubMed and Google Scholar databases were conducted using a mixture of MeSH terms and keywords including ‘cognition’, ‘cognitive impairment’, ‘brain fog’, ‘COVID-19’ and ‘long-COVID’. The search was restricted to studies published in English between 1 January 2019 and 11 February 2024, which presented findings on neurological manifestations in human participants. . Results: Long-COVID is characterized by persistent symptoms following COVID-19 infection, with cognitive impairment being a prominent feature. Symptoms include brain fog, difficulties with concentration, memory issues, and executive function deficits. Pathophysiological mechanisms involve viral persistence, immune responses, and vascular damage. Risk factors include age, pre-existing conditions, and disease severity. Cognitive assessment tools such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are essential for diagnosis. Imaging studies, including MRI, PET, and SPECT, reveal structural and functional brain alterations. Potential biomarkers include C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and neuron-specific enolase. Management strategies encompass cognitive rehabilitation, occupational therapy, medications, and lifestyle modifications. . Conclusion: Long-COVID poses a multifaceted challenge, and cognitive impairment significantly impacts patients’ lives. A multidisciplinary approach, including cognitive rehabilitation and medication when appropriate, is essential for effective management. Future research should focus on validating biomarkers and understanding long-term cognitive outcomes. Conclusion – Long-COVID is a global health concern, and cognitive impairment is a distressing symptom. While pharmacological interventions have potential, they require careful consideration. Continued research is crucial for improving the understanding and treatment of cognitive impairment in long-COVID. .
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/psychology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/physiopathology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/virology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-06-03
Publishing country	Hungary
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2240317-6
ISSN	0019-1442
ISSN	0019-1442
DOI	10.18071/isz.77.0151
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Post-COVID-19 condition in pregnant and postpartum women: a long-term follow-up, observational prospective study.

Muñoz-Chápuli Gutiérrez, Mar / Prat, Ainoa Sáez / Vila, Ana Durán / Claverol, Mireia Bernal / Martínez, Pilar Payá / Recarte, Pilar Pintado / Benéitez, Mamen Viñuela / García, Cristina Ausín / Muñoz, Eva Cervilla / Navarro, Marisa / Navarro, Pablo González / Álvarez-Mon, Melchor / Ortega, Miguel A / de León-Luís, Juan

EClinicalMedicine

2024 Volume 67, Page(s) 102398

Abstract: ... severe symptoms; women who required hospitalisation due to COVID-19 complications; and women who were not ... from our cohort with acute COVID-19 infection presented post-COVID-19 condition symptoms. Demographic and ... respectively). In a small but significant proportion of patients, neurological and psycho-emotional symptoms ...

Abstract	Background: Post-COVID-19 condition has recently been defined as new or persistent common COVID-19 symptoms occurring three months after disease onset. The pathology of the disease is unclear, but immune and vascular factors seem to play a significant role. The incidence, severity, and implications of the disease after COVID-19 infection in pregnancy have not been established. We aimed to study the incidence and main risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition in an obstetric population and their implications for maternal and perinatal morbimortality. Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort study undertaken including women during pregnancy or at admission for labour with acute COVID-19 infection from March 9th, 2020 to June 11th, 2022. The inclusion criteria were confirmed acute COVID-19 infection during the recruitment period, a lack of significant language barrier and consent for follow-up. Patients were clinically followed-up by telephone via semi structured questionnaires. The exclusion criteria were loss to follow-up, spontaneous miscarriage, and legal termination of pregnancy. Patients were classified into groups according to the severity of symptoms at onset. We included patients from the first six first waves of the pandemic according to national epidemiological data in Spain. We studied the incidence of post-COVID-19 condition and their main demographic, clinical and obstetric risk factors. Findings: A total of 409 pregnant women were recruited at acute diagnosis, and 286 were followed-up. The mean time to follow-up was 92 weeks (standard deviation ± 28 weeks; median 100 weeks (Interquartile range: 76; 112)). A total of 140 patients had at least one post-COVID-19 symptom at least three months after acute infection. Neurological (60%) and cutaneous (55%) manifestations were the most frequent findings. The following profiles were identified as presenting a higher risk of post-COVID-19 condition: migrant women born in countries with lower Human Development Index; multiparous women; women with COVID-19 during pregnancy, mainly during the first and third trimesters, and in the first and second waves of the pandemic; women who had a higher number of symptoms; women who had a higher incidence of moderate and severe symptoms; women who required hospitalisation due to COVID-19 complications; and women who were not vaccinated before disease onset. We did not find any significant difference in perinatal results, such as gestational week at delivery, birthweight, the need for neonatal care or 5-min Apgar score, and newborns benefited from a high rate of breastfeeding at discharge. Women who were infected during successive waves of the pandemic had a significant and constant decrease in the risk of post-COVID-19 condition comparing to estimated risk in the first wave (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.92). Symptoms tended to resolve over time heterogeneously. Symptoms of myalgia and arthralgia took longer to resolve (mean of 60 weeks and 54 weeks, respectively). In a small but significant proportion of patients, neurological and psycho-emotional symptoms tended to become chronic after 90 weeks. Interpretation: At least 34.2% of obstetric patients from our cohort with acute COVID-19 infection presented post-COVID-19 condition symptoms. Demographic and acute disease characteristics as well as specific pregnancy-related risk factors were identified. This is the first study to assess post-COVID-19 condition in pregnant women. Further analysis on the biological pathophysiology of post-COVID-19 is needed to explain the characteristics of the disease. Funding: This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the project "PI21/01244" and co-funded by the European Union, as well as P2022/BMD-7321 (Comunidad de Madrid) and ProACapital, Halekulani S.L. and MJR.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2589-5370
ISSN (online)	2589-5370
DOI	10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102398
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Clinical Characteristics and Mechanisms of Musculoskeletal Pain in Long COVID.

Khoja, Omar / Silva Passadouro, Bárbara / Mulvey, Matthew / Delis, Ioannis / Astill, Sarah / Tan, Ai Lyn / Sivan, Manoj

Journal of pain research

2022 Volume 15, Page(s) 1729–1748

Abstract: ... and psychological factors.: Conclusion: MSK pain is one of the most common symptoms in Long COVID ... of the most common persistent symptoms in post-COVID-19 syndrome or Long COVID. However, there is a lack ... of this review is to identify and describe the features and characteristics of MSK pain in Long COVID patients ...

Abstract	Objective: Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is being increasingly reported by patients as one of the most common persistent symptoms in post-COVID-19 syndrome or Long COVID. However, there is a lack of understanding of its prevalence, characteristics, and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The objective of this review is to identify and describe the features and characteristics of MSK pain in Long COVID patients. Methods: The narrative review involved a literature search of the following online databases: MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), CINAHL, PsyclNFO, and Web of Science (December 2019 to February 2022). We included observational studies that investigated the prevalence, characteristics, risk factors and mechanisms of MSK pain in Long COVID. After screening and reviewing the initial literature search results, a total of 35 studies were included in this review. Results: The overall reported prevalence of MSK pain in Long COVID ranged widely from 0.3% to 65.2%. The pain has been reported to be localized to a particular region or generalized and widespread. No consistent pattern of progression of MSK pain symptoms over time was identified. Female gender and higher BMI could be potential risk factors for Long COVID MSK pain, but no clear association has been found with age and ethnicity. Different pathophysiological mechanisms have been hypothesized to contribute to MSK pain in Long COVID including increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, immune cell hyperactivation, direct viral entry of neurological and MSK system cells, and psychological factors. Conclusion: MSK pain is one of the most common symptoms in Long COVID. Most of the current literature on Long COVID focuses on reporting the prevalence of persistent MSK pain. Studies describing the pain characteristics are scarce. The precise mechanism of MSK pain in Long COVID is yet to be investigated. Future research must explore the characteristics, risk factors, natural progression, and underlying mechanisms of MSK pain in Long COVID.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-17
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2495284-9
ISSN	1178-7090
ISSN	1178-7090
DOI	10.2147/JPR.S365026
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Mouse Adapted SARS-CoV-2 Model Induces "Long-COVID" Neuropathology in BALB/c Mice.

Gressett, Timothy E / Leist, Sarah R / Ismael, Saifudeen / Talkington, Grant / Dinnon, Kenneth H / Baric, Ralph S / Bix, Gregory

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: ... debilitating symptoms to include neuro-psychological dysfunction, termed "Long COVID", which can cause ... of these symptoms and the underlying pathophysiology of this devastating disease remains elusive. Mouse adapted ... MA10) SARS-CoV-2 is a novel mouse-based model of COVID-19 which simulates the clinical symptoms ...

Abstract	The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused significant global morbidity and mortality and continues to burden patients with persisting neurological dysfunction. COVID-19 survivors develop debilitating symptoms to include neuro-psychological dysfunction, termed "Long COVID", which can cause significant reduction of quality of life. Despite vigorous model development, the possible cause of these symptoms and the underlying pathophysiology of this devastating disease remains elusive. Mouse adapted (MA10) SARS-CoV-2 is a novel mouse-based model of COVID-19 which simulates the clinical symptoms of respiratory distress associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. In this study, we evaluated the long-term effects of MA10 infection on brain pathology and neuroinflammation. 10-week and 1-year old female BALB/cAnNHsd mice were infected intranasally with 10
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.03.18.533204
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Article ; Online: Mouse Adapted SARS-CoV-2 Model Induces "Long-COVID" Neuropathology in BALB/c Mice

Gressett, Timothy E. / Leist, Sarah R. / Ismael, Saifudeen / Talkington, Grant / Dinnon, Kenneth H. / Baric, Ralph S. / Bix, Gregory

bioRxiv

Abstract	The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused significant global morbidity and mortality and continues to burden patients with persisting neurological dysfunction. COVID-19 survivors develop debilitating symptoms to include neuro-psychological dysfunction, termed "Long COVID", which can cause significant reduction of quality of life. Despite vigorous model development, the possible cause of these symptoms and the underlying pathophysiology of this devastating disease remains elusive. Mouse adapted (MA10) SARS-CoV-2 is a novel mouse-based model of COVID-19 which simulates the clinical symptoms of respiratory distress associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. In this study, we evaluated the long-term effects of MA10 infection on brain pathology and neuroinflammation. 10-week and 1-year old female BALB/cAnNHsd mice were infected intranasally with 10<sup>4</sup> plaque-forming units (PFU) and 10<sup>3</sup> PFU of SARS-CoV-2 MA10, respectively, and the brain was examined 60 days post-infection (dpi). Immunohistochemical analysis showed a decrease in the neuronal nuclear protein NeuN and an increase in Iba-1 positive amoeboid microglia in the hippocampus after MA10 infection, indicating long-term neurological changes in a brain area which is critical for long-term memory consolidation and processing. Importantly, these changes were seen in 40-50% of infected mice, which correlates to prevalence of LC seen clinically. Our data shows for the first time that MA10 infection induces neuropathological outcomes several weeks after infection at similar rates of observed clinical prevalence of "Long COVID". These observations strengthen the MA10 model as a viable model for study of the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 in humans. Establishing the viability of this model is a key step towards the rapid development of novel therapeutic strategies to ameliorate neuroinflammation and restore brain function in those suffering from the persistent cognitive dysfunction of "Long-COVID".
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-20
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2023.03.18.533204
Database	COVID19

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Article: Long-COVID Syndrome? A Study on the Persistence of Neurological, Psychological and Physiological Symptoms.

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Article ; Online: Long-COVID Syndrome? A Study on the Persistence of Neurological, Psychological and Physiological Symptoms

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Article: Cognitive impairment in long-COVID.

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Article ; Online: Post-COVID-19 condition in pregnant and postpartum women: a long-term follow-up, observational prospective study.

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Article: Clinical Characteristics and Mechanisms of Musculoskeletal Pain in Long COVID.

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Article: Mouse Adapted SARS-CoV-2 Model Induces "Long-COVID" Neuropathology in BALB/c Mice.

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Article ; Online: Mouse Adapted SARS-CoV-2 Model Induces "Long-COVID" Neuropathology in BALB/c Mice

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